Cross-Sectional Anatomy and Computed Tomography of the Coelomic Cavity in Juvenile Atlantic Puffins (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica).

In birds, unlike mammals, there is no complete separation between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Instead, they have the coelomic cavity where most main organs are found. Therefore, an adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the coelomic cavity is of great importance for veterinarians, biologists and the scientific community. This study aimed to evaluate the coelomic cavity anatomy in the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) using anatomical sections and computed tomography images.

A Cadaveric Study Using Computed Tomography for Measuring the Ocular Bulb and Scleral Skeleton of the Atlantic Puffin (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica).

Imaging diagnosis plays a fundamental role in avian medicine. However, there are few publications regarding its use in ophthalmology. Seabirds, in particular, present a peculiar ecology since their lives take place in very diverse environments: the aquatic, the terrestrial, and the aerial. This fact implies a series of adaptations at a visual level that are necessary for adequate interaction with the environment. Therefore, knowledge of eye particularities is of great importance for the scientific community since it allows us to deepen our understanding of the ocular anatomy and biology of these animals, which are increasingly present in veterinary and wildlife centers. In our study, we performed a morphometric analysis of the ocular bulb and its internal structures in the puffin (Fratercula arctica) using advanced imaging techniques such as CT.

Assessment of the Palliative Prognostic Index in hospitalized oncologic patients treated by a palliative care team: impact of acute concomitant diseases.

The differential prognostic accuracy of the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) in hospitalized oncologic patients treated by a palliative care team according to the presence or absence of acute concomitant diseases was analyzed. All patients (n = 322) hospitalized in a palliative unit of a university hospital were included in a 2-year prospective study. PPI was determined at the time of hospital admission and discharge. Patients were grouped into two categories according to the causes of hospitalization (presence and absence of acute concomitant diseases). Metastases, PPI punctuation, refractory symptoms, and the presence of acute concomitant diseases were analyzed as survival-related factors. The absence of acute concomitant diseases and a PPI calculated at admission >4 or >6 were related with survival at 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. After hospital discharge, the accuracy of PPI was lower, decreasing the positive predictive value from 84% (PPI calculated at the time of hospital admission) to 67% (PPI calculated at the time of discharge) for survival <6 weeks. In conclusion, the impact of acute concomitant diseases on survival should be considered in prediction models for patients receiving palliative care.

Frequency and management of diabetes and hyperglycemia at emergency departments: the GLUCE-URG Study. / Frecuencia y manejo de diabetes mellitus y de hiperglucemia en urgencias: Estudio GLUCE-URG.

INTRODUCTION: Hyperglycemia is a common finding at hospital emergency rooms in diabetic patients, but few data are available on its frequency, management, and subsequent impact based on the assessment made at Emergency rooms. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the frequency of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in patients admitted from Emergency rooms. Second, to describe management of hyperglycemia at Emergency rooms, and to analyze its potential impact on the course and management of patients during admission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients admitted from the Emergency room for three consecutive weeks were enrolled. Hyperglycemia was defined as two blood glucose measurements ≥ 180mg/dl in the first 48hours after admission. RESULTS: 36.6% of patients admitted from the Emergency room were diabetic, and 58% of these had early, sustained hyperglycemia. On the other hand, 27% of patients admitted from the Emergency room had hyperglycemia (78.3% of diabetic patients and 21.7% with no known diabetes). Diabetic patients with hyperglycemia had higher blood glucose levels than non-diabetic patients (p<.01). Average hospital stay was 8±6.4 days, with no differences between the groups. Hyperglycemia is rarely reported as a diagnosis in the emergency rooms discharge report. In standard hospitalization, this diagnosis appears more commonly in patients with known diabetes (OR 2.5 p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of diabetic patients admitted from emergency rooms is very high. In addition, although hyperglycemia is very common in patients admitted from emergency rooms, there is a trend to underestimate its significance. Based on our results, we think that implementation of measures to give greater visibility to diagnosis of hyperglycemia could help improve application of established protocols.

Frecuencia y manejo de diabetes mellitus y de hiperglucemia en urgencias: Estudio GLUCE-URG / Frequency and management of diabetes and hyperglycemia at emergency departments: the GLUCE-URG Study

Introducción: La hiperglucemia es un hallazgo habitual en los Servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarios así como la atención de pacientes diabéticos, pero existen pocos datos sobre su frecuencia, manejo y repercusión posterior en función de la valoración que se le haya dado en dichos servicios. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de diabetes mellitus y de hiperglucemia en los pacientes que ingresan desde Urgencias. En segundo lugar, describir el manejo en Urgencias de la hiperglucemia, y analizar la influencia que pudiera tener en la evolución y en el manejo del paciente durante su ingreso. Pacientes y métodos: Durante 3 semanas consecutivas se incluyeron todos los pacientes ingresados desde el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa. La hiperglucemia se definió como 2 determinaciones de glucosa ≥ 180mg/dl, separadas al menos 8 h y en las primeras 48 h de estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: El 36,6% de los pacientes que ingresaron desde el Servicio de Urgencias eran diabéticos, y de ellos el 58% presentaban hiperglucemia precoz y mantenida. Por otro lado, el 27% de los pacientes que ingresaban desde urgencias presentaban hiperglucemia (78,3% de pacientes diabéticos y 21,7% sin diabetes conocida). La hiperglucemia de los pacientes que ya eran diabéticos era significativamente más intensa que la hiperglucemia de los no diabéticos conocidos (p<0,01). La estancia media en planta fue de 8±6,4 días, sin que se observaran diferencias entre los distintos grupos. En urgencias no se solía mencionar la hiperglucemia dentro de la lista de diagnósticos mientras que en el informe de alta desde planta existía mayor probabilidad de que se hiciera referencia a la hiperglucemia en los pacientes con diabetes previa que en las nuevas hiperglucemias (p<0,001, OR 2,5). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de pacientes diabéticos que ingresan desde Urgencias es muy alta. Además, a pesar de que la hiperglucemia es muy frecuente en los pacientes que ingresan desde el Servicio de Urgencias, se tiende a subestimar su importancia. En base a nuestros resultados, creemos que la implantación de medidas que ayuden a aportar mayor visibilidad al diagnóstico de hiperglucemia podrían ayudar en la mejora de la aplicación de los protocolos establecidos desde los Servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarios (AU)

Introduction: Hyperglycemia is a common finding at hospital emergency rooms in diabetic patients, but few data are available on its frequency, management, and subsequent impact based on the assessment made at Emergency rooms. Objectives: To ascertain the frequency of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in patients admitted from Emergency rooms. Second, to describe management of hyperglycemia at Emergency rooms, and to analyze its potential impact on the course and management of patients during admission. Patients and methods: All patients admitted from the Emergency room for three consecutive weeks were enrolled. Hyperglycemia was defined as two blood glucose measurements ≥ 180mg/dl in the first 48hours after admission. Results: 36.6% of patients admitted from the Emergency room were diabetic, and 58% of these had early, sustained hyperglycemia. On the other hand, 27% of patients admitted from the Emergency room had hyperglycemia (78.3% of diabetic patients and 21.7% with no known diabetes). Diabetic patients with hyperglycemia had higher blood glucose levels than non-diabetic patients (p<.01). Average hospital stay was 8±6.4 days, with no differences between the groups. Hyperglycemia is rarely reported as a diagnosis in the emergency rooms discharge report. In standard hospitalization, this diagnosis appears more commonly in patients with known diabetes (OR 2.5 p<.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetic patients admitted from emergency rooms is very high. In addition, although hyperglycemia is very common in patients admitted from emergency rooms, there is a trend to underestimate its significance. Based on our results, we think that implementation of measures to give greater visibility to diagnosis of hyperglycemia could help improve application of established protocols (AU)

Caudal duplication (dipygus) in a Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)

The first description of caudal duplication (dipygus) in a pigeon (Columba livia) is presented. Congenital defect is macroscopically and radiologically described. A surgical exeresis was completed. Possible causes are discussed. Although it is unknown if congenital duplications are caused by genetic or environmental factors, or both, genetic factors can be suspected in this case (AU)

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Phacoemulsification considerations in nonhuman primates.

PURPOSE: To describe the pre-surgical, surgical, and post-surgical considerations for phacoemulsification in non-human primates. METHODS: Records of non-human primates that underwent phacoemulsification by the Ophthalmology Services of FHCV-UAB and HCV-UM, between 2003 and 2009 were reviewed. RESULTS: Five primates were represented: one gorilla, one chimpanzee, one pygmy marmoset, one orangutan, and one chacma baboon. Three were males and two females, of a median age of 16.8 years. Four primates presented bilateral cataracts and one unilateral (n = 9 eyes). Cataracts were immature in two eyes, mature in four and hypermature in 3. One-handed phacoemulsification was used in seven eyes and a two-handed technique in 2. Intraocular lenses (IOLs), with optic powers between +19.0 and +21.5D, were implanted in the four large-sized primates. All the primates were more active and social after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification in non-human primates is highly successful and associated with an overall good visual outcome. Nevertheless, specific considerations should be applied in these species.

Retrobament amb la febre tifoide a Catalunya al segle XXI. Comentaris clínics i al tractament / No disponible

Fonament. La febre tifoide va ser una malaltia freqüental nostre país fins a la dècada dels vuitanta del segle XX. En l’actualitat el pediatre no està acostumat al diagnòstic clínic d’aquesta malaltia.Objectiu. Revisar els casos diagnosticats els darrers 6anys, a la vegada que revisar els aspectes més actuals de la malaltia i el seu tractamentMètode. Revisió retrospectiva dels casos diagnosticatsdurant el segle XXI amb l’anàlisi demogràfica, epidemiològica i clínica, les dades de laboratori, l’evolució i el tractamentResultats. S’han diagnosticat 10 casos entre el 2002-2006, només 2 van ser d’infants autòctons; els altres, excepte 1, havien arribat a Catalunya entre 2 i 15 dies abans. La febre, únic símptoma present en tots els casos, s’havia instaurat entre 3 i 15 dies abans. El diagnòstic es va fer per la positivitat de l’hemocultiu. Els microorganismes aïllats en 2 casos presentavenresistències. Es van tractar amb cefalosporines de3a generació iv o orals en 8 casos, 1 amb amoxicil·lina -àcid clavulànic i 1 amb azitromicina. L’apirèxia es va presentar entre els 3 i 15 dies amb una mitjana de 6.3 dies.Les complicacions, amb bona evolució: 4 hepatitis, 3 colecistitis alitiàsica, 1 coagulopatia, anèmia (que va necessitar transfusió) i pancreatitis. 1 recaiguda als 15 dies.Conclusions. a) El fet que en cap cas es pensa clínicament en aquest diagnòstic, excepte en la recaiguda. b) L’ajut que ofereix l’ecografia en el seguiment de possibles complicacions abdominals. c) L’actualització dels tractaments

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Multiaxial evaluation of violent criminals.

A multiaxial assessment and personality evaluation was performed on a group of 70 people (65 men and 5 women) who were recently incarcerated in Málaga, Spain for having committed violent crimes, such as murder and sex-based violence. Analysis of scores on the MCMI indicated that there were chiefly two clearly differentiated personality profiles related to two personality disorders present in the group, the antisocial and the dependent personality disorder with compulsive traits. The "antisocial-psychotic group" presented a clear relation with clinical syndromes, specifically alcohol and drug abuse with delusional disorder, and they had committed a higher proportion of murders. On the Big Five Questionnaire, the "dependent-compulsive group" scored higher than average on Emotional Stability and Agreeableness, whereas the antisocial-psychotic group scored lower than average on Emotional Stability. These findings are in accord with those of Megargee, who concluded that violent criminals can be divided into two categories, the undercontrolled (antisocial) and the overcontrolled (dependent).

Clinical, hematological, and biochemical findings in an outbreak of abortion and neonatal mortality associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels.

This article presents the clinical and laboratorial findings in an outbreak of abortions and high neonatal mortality attributable to Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels. A total of 16 females were diagnosed, 2 of which showed moderate signs of chronic form, particularly hyporexia and intolerance to exercise. The main laboratorial findings were regenerative anemia (hemolytic anemia), lymphocytic and monocytic leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoglycemia, serum urea increased, and serum iron decreased. The most characteristic finding in the examined females would be the uremia, probably due to the higher protein metabolism.

Ocular lesions associated with Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected goats.

Ocular lesions associated with Trypanosoma spp. infection have been described in man and many animal species. However, loss of vision has not been demonstrated in humans presenting Chagas disease or in animals affected by different trypanosome species. In order to assess the possible ocular disorders caused by Trypanosoma evansi infection, six goats were inoculated with 1 x 10(5) T. evansi and maintained for 12 months and four goats were used as control. The inoculated animals became positive at serological and parasitological tests at 1-month post-inoculation and showed a subclinical course of the disease. Unilateral superficial corneal ulceration and retinochoroiditis were observed in two inoculated animals. Data from ocular neurologic examination and electroretinography showed no significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated goats. It could be concluded that Trypanosoma evansi can produce ocular lesion but without apparent loss of vision in goats.

Surface characteristics of activated carbons obtained by pyrolysis of plasma pretreated PET.

Activated carbon materials have been prepared by pyrolysis of plasma pretreated recycled PET. The obtained carbon materials have been texturally characterized by N2 (77 K) and CO2 (273 K) adsorption. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) have been used to analyze the surface of the treated precursors. Carbon materials obtained by He, N2, and CO2 plasma pretreatments (4 min) of the precursor and subsequent pyrolysis have shown a higher adsorption capacity than the corresponding chars (untreated pyrolised PET). This effect seems to be related to the elimination by the plasma treatments of low-molecular-weight products in the precursor, which are responsible for the formation of amorphous carbon deposits during the carbonization that blocks the porosity. Longer periods of treatment (15 min) do not favor the opening of the microporosity because cross-linking reactions in the precursor producing high molecular weight deposits prevail. The development of porosity is less relevant if oxygen plasma is used, as a considerable amount of oxygen functionalities are also formed. These groups can decompose during pyrolysation producing the above-mentioned amorphous carbon deposits. The textural characteristics of the carbon materials obtained after 4 min of plasma treatment on the precursor are very similar to those obtained after 4 h of CO2 (1073 K) activation of the same char. Therefore, this method can be an alternative to avoid the burnoff and high energy cost of the activation step.

Experimental type 2 diabetes induces enzymatic changes in isolated rat enterocytes.

Diabetes in humans and in experimental animals produces changes in the function and structure of the small intestine. The authors determined the activity of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrase) and of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1) in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of male Wistar rats (2.5 to 3 months old) with experimental nonobese type 2 diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection on the day of birth (n0-STZ) or on the 5th day of life (n5-STZ), with different degrees of hyperglycemia and insulinemia (n0-STZ and n5-STZ models). The glycemia (mmol/L) of the diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 8.77 +/- 0.47; n5-STZ: 20.83 +/- 0.63) was higher (P <.01) than that of the nondiabetic (ND) rats (5.99 +/- 0.63); on the contrary, the insulinemia (ng/mL) was significantly lower in both n0-STZ (1.74 +/- 0.53; P <.05) and n5-STZ (1.12 +/- 0.44; P <.01) diabetic rats than in normal rats (3.77 +/- 0.22). The sucrase and maltase activities (U/g protein) in diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 89 +/- 9 and 266 +/- 12; n5-STZ: 142 +/- 23 and 451 +/- 57) were significantly higher than those in the ND group (66 +/- 5 and 228 +/- 22). The PFK-1 activities (mU/mg protein) in the diabetic models (n0-STZ: 14.89 +/- 1.51; n5-STZ: 13.35 +/- 3.12) were significantly lower (P <.05) than in ND rats (20.54 +/- 2.83). The data demonstrated enzymatic alterations in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of n0-STZ rats that are greater (P <.05) than in the more hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic n5-STZ animals. The results also show that nonobese type 2-like diabetes in the rat produces modifications that favor an increase in glucose absorption rates.

Sangradores y barberos el intrusismo en Almería en el siglo XVIII / Bleeders and barbers. Intrusive practices in Almeria in the SXVIII century

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Identidad e identificación de la enfermería / Identity and identification of nurses

Se analiza si el personal de enfermería se identifica con su titulación y si su actividad cuidadora responde a la identidad que transmiten los modelos de enfermería, traduciéndose en la aplicación de su metodología propia: el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería. El estudio descriptivo transversal consta de un cuestionario dirigido a profesionales de enfermería del ámbito asistencial, de la provincia de Almería, en diferentes niveles de atención, de la asistencia pública y privada. El trabajo se completa a través de una revisión de las formas de identificación de las dependencias de enfermería; noticias en prensa; oferta de servicios a través de la revisión de anuncios; revisión de convocatorias de reuniones y publicaciones científicas, análisis de los impresos de órdenes de tratamientos en atención primaria. Los resultados confirman nuestra idea de que una parte del personal de enfermería no se identifica de acuerdo con su titulación y su actividad cuidadora, no responde a los modelos de enfermería, traduciéndose en la no aplicación de su metodología propia. Concluimos con una serie de propuestas para la promoción de la enfermería (AU)