RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Identificar las perspectivas de la familia de los pacientes en la calidad del control de la diabetes mellitus. DISEÑO: Metodología cualitativa orientada a la investigación de servicios de salud; diseño exploratorio, realizado en 2014, a través de muestreo no probabilístico. Emplazamiento. unidades de atención primaria con mayor jerarquización poblacional en el estado de Tabasco, México. Participantes y/o contextos. Se seleccionaron 42 integrantes de la familia que aceptaron participar voluntariamente. MÉTODO: Se integraron 6 grupos focales, se emplearon guías de entrevista y dinámica de grupos. La información fue documentada, saturada y categorizada; se utilizaron los discursos más representativos, derivando en conclusiones. RESULTADOS: Muestran una posición altamente crítica de los familiares con respecto al paciente. Algunos parecen justificados y otros tienen una connotación cultural, histórica y, en alguna medida, de desconocimiento. Se han pronunciado con respecto a la atención sanitaria y al contexto donde pacientes y familiares se desempeñan, en ambos casos con expresiones también críticas. CONCLUSIONES: Las perspectivas de los familiares revelan lo que piensan y sienten de la diabetes mellitus. Es importante observar el contenido de sus expresiones cargadas de desconocimiento acerca de la enfermedad y la falta de apoyo. Sus discursos contienen críticas, mitos, creencias falsas y temores de ser portadores futuros del padecimiento. Se compadecen del paciente, pero se resisten a cuidarse y no desean una vida con diabetes. La familia es la red de apoyo más cercana para el paciente y un recurso inapreciable para los servicios de salud
OBJECTIVE: To identify the perspectives of the patient's family in the quality of diabetes mellitus control. DESIGN: Qualitative methodology of exploratory design, oriented towards health services research, conducted in 2014 using non-probability sampling. LOCATION: Primary Care Units mainly situated in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Participants and/or contexts. 42 family members were selected, who agreed to participate voluntarily in the study. Method. Six focus groups were set up; interview guides and group dynamics were employed. The information was documented, saturated and categorised; the most representative discourses were used, and conclusions reached. RESULTS: The results show a highly critical position of the families as regards the patient, some of which appear justified, and others have a cultural, historical, and to some extent, an ignorance connotation. They have also commented on the health care and the role that patients and families can play, in both cases, also expressed critically. CONCLUSIONS: The family perspectives reveal what they think and feel about diabetes mellitus. It is important to note their lack of support and the content of their expressions due to lack of knowledge of the disease. Their discourses are critical, mythical, and with false beliefs of the fear of being future carriers of the disease. They feel sorry for the patient but they resist taking care of them, and do not want a life with diabetes. The family is the closest support for patients and an invaluable human resource for health services
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Saúde da Família/normas , Saúde da Família/tendências , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the perspectives of the patient's family in the quality of diabetes mellitus control. DESIGN: Qualitative methodology of exploratory design, oriented towards health services research, conducted in 2014 using non-probability sampling. LOCATION: Primary Care Units mainly situated in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS AND/OR CONTEXTS: 42 family members were selected, who agreed to participate voluntarily in the study. METHOD: Six focus groups were set up; interview guides and group dynamics were employed. The information was documented, saturated and categorised; the most representative discourses were used, and conclusions reached. RESULTS: The results show a highly critical position of the families as regards the patient, some of which appear justified, and others have a cultural, historical, and to some extent, an ignorance connotation. They have also commented on the health care and the role that patients and families can play, in both cases, also expressed critically. CONCLUSIONS: The family perspectives reveal what they think and feel about diabetes mellitus. It is important to note their lack of support and the content of their expressions due to lack of knowledge of the disease. Their discourses are critical, mythical, and with false beliefs of the fear of being future carriers of the disease. They feel sorry for the patient but they resist taking care of them, and do not want a life with diabetes. The family is the closest support for patients and an invaluable human resource for health services.
Assuntos
Atitude , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Família , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Família/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
Introducción: El conocimiento de la salud bucal de la población constituye una tarea fundamental desde la perspectiva de la salud pública, ya que las enfermedades bucales - tales como la caries y las periodontopatías- son los padecimientos con mayor incidencia y prevalencia alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el índice de dientes, cariados, perdidos, obturados (CPOD), determinar el índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS), de los jóvenes universitarios de nuevo ingreso en el estado de Veracruz, provincia de México. Material y método: se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, observacional, mediante la aplicación del examen de salud integral el cual constó de dos partes; un interrogatorio y una exploración clínica Resultados: El índice CPOD fue de 13.1. La prevalencia de caries fue de 80.9, perdidos 37.9 y de obturados 47.0. El índice de higiene oral simplificada que se obtuvo fue: el 81.5 por ciento bueno, el 17.4 por ciento regular y el 1.02 por ciento malo. Los alumnos que ingresaron tuvieron un índice CPO muy alto según los estándares de la OMS. Discusión: Los hallazgos en la determinación del índice CPO-D que se registró en este estudio determinan un serio problema de salud pública, Esta situación no sólo es particular en nuestro país, sino que se da la misma tendencia en otros lugares, aspectos que determinan intervenciones necesarias en el ámbito de la salud pública para una mejor calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios.
Introduction: Knowledge of the dental health of the population constitutes a fundamental task of public health, since oral diseases- such as cavities and periodontal disease- are the health conditions with highest incidence and prevalence around the world. The objective of this study was to determine the index of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and the simplified oral health index (OHI-S) of first year university students in the state of Veracruz, province of Mexico. 27Material y method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out, applying a comprehensive health ex am which consisted of two parts: a questionnaire and a clinical exam. Results: The DMFT index was 13.1. The prevalence of cavities was 80.9, missing teeth was 37.9 y filled teeth was 47.0. The OHI-S was the following: 81.5 percent good, 17.4 percent regular and 1.02 percent bad. Students had a very high OHI-S according to WHO standards. Discussion: The findings for the DMFT index constitute a serious public health problem. This situation is not found only in our country. Findings should guide the necessary interventions in order to improve quality of live for university students.
