Traditional medicine in Incahuasi: An ethnobotanical study.

Introduction: Understanding the use of medicinal plants as herbal medicines is considered essential for the survival and continuity of humanity. Since ancient times, the origin and development of natural and traditional medicine have been intrinsically linked to humanity struggle for survival. Nowadays, ethnobotanical studies are employed as a tool for the preservation and conservation not only of taxonomic biodiversity but also of cultural biodiversity. Methodology: A descriptive research with a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design was carried out. The study was conducted in six Quechua-speaking communities in the district of Incahuasi (3,000 meters above sea level), selected for convenience considering factors such as altitude, accessibility, and proximity to the city. A questionnaire was administered to 32 residents from the communities, who shared their knowledge about medicinal plants, providing relevant information about them. The gender of the participants was considered because men and women use traditional medicine and the knowledge of them is transmitted from parents to children. Results: During the study, a total of 46 medicinal species were recorded, belonging to 42 genera and 22 botanical families. The most representative medicinal families used by the informants of the communities were Asteraceae (30.4%) and Lamiaceae (15.2%). It is also worth mentioning the genera Salvia and Baccharis, with three and two species respectively, which are commonly used to treat various ailments and diseases. Conclusions: Ethnobotanical information was collected on the medicinal plants used by the community members of the selected communities in Incahuasi, and the corresponding data were recorded. A total of 46 plants were collected, with the majority belonging to the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families.

Burnout and anxiety levels in human medicine teachers, COVID-19 context.

Introduction: In the COVID-19 context, university teachers have had to face the most complex educational demands, psychosocial risks, and the anxiety of responding to limitations in terms of connectivity and fulfillment of academic objectives . To identify the levels of Burnout and anxiety in the COVID-19 context and determine how these levels are manifested in the participating teachers. Methods: This was an analytical non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The population was 150 teachers of the Human Medicine Program of the University of San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru, and the sample was 66 teachers. The survey consisted of three sections: 1. Informed consent, 2. Maslach's Burnout Inventory, 3. Beck's Anxiety Inventory. Data processing was performed using the SPSS V.27 statistical software and all citations and bibliographical references were processed using Mendeley Desktop 1.19.8. Results: In the variable burnout syndrome, 25% of the participants were in the high level downwards; they present anxiety in 30.30% of the total. It was found that 50% of teachers presented mild to moderate anxiety. Conclusions: the largest number of teachers surveyed present anxiety due to burnout syndrome in the COVID-19 context. Finally, it is found that there is a correlation between anxiety and the sociodemographic variables sex, age, and marital status.

Medicinal properties of Morus alba for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

Background: The objective of this review was to evaluate the medicinal potential of Morus alba leaves on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The research question was: what is the therapeutic potential of Morus alba leaves for the control of DM2? Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were extracted from Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar; January 2015 to July 2021. Key search terms were MeSH and DeCS: Morus alba, mulberry, hypoglycemic agent. The inclusion criteria were: studies in rats administered Morus alba leaf extracts; studies that included the dimensions of lipidemia and glycemia; studies that included indicators such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Exclusion criteria: studies in which Morus alba leaves were administered with other plants; studies with other parts of the Morus alba plant; proteomic studies, cancer, duplicate studies, in vitro studies, and evaluation of included studies. All included investigations were evaluated for biases. Results: Of 253 studies found, 29 were included. The extracts of Morus alba leaves at the phytochemical level improve glucose uptake. Chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, present in the leaves of Morus alba, have hypoglycemic properties and an ameliorating effect on diabetic nephropathy. This leaf has pharmacological effects such as glucose absorption, insulin secretion production, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity management. Conclusions:Morus alba leaves have pharmacological effects on DM2 that include glucose absorption, production of insulin secretion, antioxidant agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity control. Beyond these results, there is a lack of studies on the potential and synergistic effects of Morus alba leaves' components, limiting the possibility of a more effective therapy using the plant's leaves.

Costo beneficio de acetaminofén en tableta en establecimientos farmacéuticos de Lima / Cost benefit of acetaminophen in tablet in pharmaceutical establishments of Lima

Introducción: La economía de los medicamentos se puede considerar como el estudio y cálculo económico detallados del medicamento, que ayuda a satisfacer las necesidades del paciente según costo, beneficio y eficacia de dicho medicamento. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar si la valoración económica de la tableta de acetaminofén 500 mg. permitirá conocer el beneficio en el costo del fármaco en los establecimientos farmacéuticos de Lima. Métodos: La investigación presenta un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Población: 25 trabajadores de la DIGEMID con conocimientos de farmacoeconomía; muestra: 100 por ciento de la población. Para la evaluación se utilizó un cuestionario de escala Likert, basado en las dos variables cuantitativas: Valoración económica y Coste-beneficio. El tratamiento estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS v.25. Traducción realizada con la versión gratuita del traductor www.DeepL.com/Translator Resultados: De un total de 44 presentaciones de tabletas de acetaminofén vendidas en 41 distritos de Lima, se obtuvieron siete presentaciones que ofrecen el producto a un precio elevado, siendo estas no beneficiosas en el 15,9 por ciento y se encontraron 37 establecimientos que ofrecen el medicamento a un precio medio beneficioso (84,1 por ciento). Conclusiones: La farmacoeconomía aplicada al medicamento acetaminofén presentación tableta 500 mg permitió conocer que dicho producto tiene un costo de bajo a moderado, por lo que es asequible a la población de bajos recursos. Asimismo, la evaluación económica efectuada permitirá la toma de decisiones del consumidor al momento de la compra(AU)

Introduction: The economics of medicines can be considered as the detailed economic study and calculation of the treatment, which helps to satisfy the needs of the patient according to the cost, benefit, and efficacy of said medicine. Objective: The objective of the research was to evaluate if the economic valuation of the acetaminophen 500 mg. tablet will allow to know the benefit in the cost of the drug in pharmaceutical establishments in Lima. Methods: The research presents a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical design. Population: 25 DIGEMID workers with knowledge of pharmacoeconomics; sample: 100 percent of the population. A Likert scale questionnaire was used for the evaluation, based on the two quantitative variables: Economic valuation and Cost-benefit. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS v.25 program. Results: From a total of 44 presentations of acetaminophen tablets sold in 41 districts of Lima, seven presentations have been obtained that offer the product at a high price, these being not beneficial and reaching 15.9 percent, 37 establishments were found They offer the drug at a helpful average price reaching 84.1 percent. Conclusions: The pharmacoeconomics applied to the drug acetaminophen 500 mg tablet presentation allowed us to know that this product has a low to moderate cost, making it affordable to the low-income population. Likewise, the economic evaluation carried out will allow decision-making at the time of purchase, which will enable the people to identify the price(AU)