Post-drought conditions and hydraulic dysfunction determine tree resilience and mortality across Mediterranean Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) populations after an extreme drought event.

Drought-related tree mortality is a global phenomenon that currently affects a wide range of forests. Key functional variables on plant hydraulics, carbon economy, growth and allocation have been identified and play a role in tree drought responses. However, tree mortality thresholds based on such variables are difficult to identify, especially under field conditions. We studied several Aleppo pine populations differently affected by an extreme drought event in 2014, with mortality rates ranging from no mortality to 90% in the most severely affected population. We hypothesized that mortality is linked with high levels of xylem embolism, i.e., hydraulic dysfunction, which would also lead to lower tree resistance to drought in subsequent years. Despite not finding any differences among populations in the vulnerability curves to xylem embolism, there were large differences in the hydraulic safety margin (HSM) and the hydraulic dysfunction level. High mortality rates were associated with a negative HSM when xylem embolism reached values over 60%. We also found forest weakening and post-drought mortality related to a low hydraulic water transport capacity, reduced plant growth, low carbohydrate contents and high pest infestation rates. Our results highlight the importance of drought severity and the hydraulic dysfunction level on pine mortality, as well as post-drought conditions during recovery processes.

Fractura - hundimiento craneal congénita: una realidad obstétrica / Congenital depressed skull fracture: an obstetric reality

Las fracturas craneales congénitas tienen baja incidencia, de una etiología desconocida, generando una gran alarma respecto a la actuación obstétrica en el momento del parto. Se presenta el diagnóstico, exploración radiológica y evolución clínica de dos recién nacidos con fractura-hundimiento craneal intrauterina, uno de ellos con manejo expectante y el otro con manejo quirúrgico. Ambos con buena evolución posterior y sin secuelas neurológicas ni estéticas.

The congenital skull fractures presented a low incidence, unknown aetiology, and it causes great alarm as far as the obstetric actions to be taken at birth are concerned. This work presents the diagnosis, radiology examinations and clinical evolution of two live-born infants with an intrauterine depressed skull fracture, one with expectant management and the other with surgical management. Both neonates showed good subsequent evolution with no neurological and no aesthetic sequelae.

Nanometer-thick lateral polyelectrolyte micropatterns induce macrosopic electro-osmotic chaotic fluid instabilities.

Electro-convective vortices in ion concentration polarization under shear flow have been of practical relevance for desalination processes using electrodialysis. The phenomenon has been scientifically disregarded for decades, but is recently embraced by a growing fluid dynamics community due its complex superposition of multi-scale gradients in electrochemical potential and space charge interacting with emerging complex fluid momentum gradients. While the visualization, quantification and fundamental understanding of the often-chaotic fluid dynamics is evolving rapidly due to sophisticated simulations and experimentation, little is known whether these instabilities can be induced and affected by chemical topological heterogeneity in surface properties. In this letter, we report that polyelectrolyte layers applied as micropatterns on ion exchange membranes induce and facilitate the electro-osmotic fluid instabilities. The findings stimulate a variety of fundamental questions comparable to the complexity of today's turbulence research.

[Improved short-term cardiovascular profile after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation]. / Evolución a corto plazo de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tras el trasplante reno-pancreático.

The prognosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) improves after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. In order to evaluate the changes in cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors after SKP, we studied nine recipients before and 6 months after SPK. There were five females and four males, with a mean age of 37 +/- 8 years, duration of diabetes of 24 +/- 5 years, three of them before starting dialysis, and six on dialysis (hemodialysis = 5; peritoneal dialysis = 1). Before SPK, all patients received anti-hypertensive therapy (1-4 drugs; mean 2.2 +/- 0.9) and eight received statins. At 6 months after SPK, all patients were under triple immunosuppressive therapy (steroids + tacrolimus + MMF) without statins. They had normal renal function (Plasma Creatinine = 1.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dl) and pancreatic endocrine function (glycemia = 80 +/- 8 mg/dl). HbA1c decreased significantly (8.4 +/- 1.2 vs 4.7 +/- 0.6%; p < 0.007) with a value > 7% in seven patients before SPK and in none 6 months after SKP transplantation (p < 0.001). Although Body Mass Index increased (23 +/- 2 vs 25 +/- 3 kg/m2; p < 0.05), plasma triglycerides decreased (130 +/- 51 vs 88 +/- 33 mg/dl; p < 0.05), and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were similar. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (156 +/- 7 vs 133 +/- 15; p < 0.01 and 96 +/- 7 vs 79 +/- 9; p < 0.007) with only two patients on anti-hypertensive therapy (1 drug). Likewise, before transplantation all patients were hypertensive (six grade 1 and three grade 2) while this was observed in only two at the end of follow-up (both grade 1) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, SPK transplantation with good renal and pancreatic function is associated with a short-term improvement in CVR profile.

Evolución a corto plazo de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tras el trasplante reno-pancreático / Improved short-term cardiovascular profile after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation

El pronóstico del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DMT1) e insuficienciarenal crónica (IRC) mejora tras el trasplante reno-pancreático (TRP). Con el fin deevaluar los cambios en los factores de riesgo cardio-vascular (RCV) se analizaronnueve pacientes que recibieron un TRP, antes (pre-TRP) y a los 6 meses de seguimiento(pos-TRP). Tres pacientes no habían iniciado diálisis, cinco estaban enhemodiálisis, y uno en diálisis peritoneal. Pre-TRP todos los pacientes recibían hipotensores(nº de fármacos = 2,2 ± 0,9; rango 1-4) y ocho de ellos estatinas. Eltratamiento inmunosupresor consistió en Tacrolimus, Micofenolato Mofetil y esteroides.Pos-TRP todos mantenían función renal y pancreática normales (creatininaplasmática 1,2 ± 0,3 mg/dl; glucemia = 80 ± 8 mg/dl) sin necesidad de estatinas.La HbA1c descendió de forma significativa (8,4 ± 1,2 vs 4,7 ± 0,6%; p <0,007), presentando un valor superior al 7%, siete pacientes pre-TRP frente a ningunopos-TRP (p < 0,001). Aunque el Índice de Masa Corporal aumentó (23 ± 2vs 25 ± 3 kg/m2; p < 0,05), los triglicéridos descendieron (130 ± 51 vs 88 ± 33mg/dl; p < 0,05), y el colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol fueron similares.La tensión arterial sistólica (TAs) y diastólica (TAd) descendió de forma significativa(156 ± 7 vs 133 ± 15; p < 0,01 y 96 ± 7 vs 79 ± 9; p < 0,007 respectivamente)y sólo dos pacientes recibían hipotensores pos-TRP (1 fármaco). Enconclusión, estos datos sugieren que a corto plazo el TRP mejora algunos de losfactores de RCV lo que pudiera traducirse en una optimización del pronóstico amás largo plazo

The prognosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with chronic renalfailure (CRF) improves after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation.In order to evaluate the changes in cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors after SKP,we studied nine recipients before and 6 months after SPK. There were five femalesand four males, with a mean age of 37 ± 8 years, duration of diabetes of 24± 5 years, three of them before starting dialysis, and six on dialysis (hemodialysis= 5; peritoneal dialysis = 1). Before SPK, all patients received anti-hypertensivetherapy (1-4 drugs; mean 2.2 ± 0.9) and eight received statins. At 6 months afterSPK, all patients were under triple immunosuppressive therapy (steroids + tacrolimus+ MMF) without statins. They had normal renal function (Plasma Creatinine=1.2 ± 0.3 mg/dl) and pancreatic endocrine function (glycemia = 80 ± 8 mg/dl).HbA1c decreased significantly (8.4 ± 1.2 vs 4.7 ± 0.6%; p 7% in seven patients before SPK and in none 6 months after SKP transplantation(p < 0.001). Although Body Mass Index increased (23 ± 2 vs 25 ± 3 kg/m2;p < 0.05), plasma triglycerides decreased (130 ± 51 vs 88 ± 33 mg/dl; p < 0.05),and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were similar. Systolicand diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (156 ± 7 vs 133 ± 15; p < 0.01 and96 ± 7 vs 79 ± 9; p < 0.007) with only two patients on anti-hypertensive therapy(1 drug). Likewise, before transplantation all patients were hypertensive (six grade1 and three grade 2) while this was observed in only two at the end of followup(both grade 1) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, SPK transplantation with good renaland pancreatic function is associated with a short-term improvement in CVR profile

Exploración clínica del hombro en el deporte / Physical examination of the shoulder in sport

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[Schizophrenia: quality of life and years of evolution]. / Esquizofrenia: calidad de vida y años de evolución.

A study was made of quality of life in schizophrenia depending on years of evolution. In a sample of 100 patients, the quality of life scale of Heinrichs et al. (1984) was used as a measurement instrument for analyzing differences in three study groups (evolution less than five years, six to ten years, over ten years). A progressive decrease occurred in the total scores in three of four CLS categories for schizophrenia of longer duration. In this group, higher scores were obtained in the Instrumental Role category, but the difference was not significant.