Tendência de realização da mamografia e fatores associados em mulheres de 50 a 69 anos / Mammography trend and associated factors in women from 50 to 69 years

Resumo Introdução A mamografia é o principal método de detecção precoce de neoplasias mamárias. Objetivou-se conhecer a tendência temporal de realização da mamografia e identificar os fatores associados à realização desse exame em algum momento da vida e nos últimos dois anos. Objetivo Descrever a tendência temporal de realização da mamografia e identificar fatores associados à realização desse exame em algum momento da vida e nos últimos dois anos. Método Estudo transversal utilizando dados autorreferidos por mulheres, de 50 a 69 anos, oriundos do Vigitel. Para análise da tendência de realização da mamografia, tanto em algum momento da vida quanto nos últimos dois anos, foram analisados dados de 2007 a 2015 da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, por meio de regressão linear simples, e, para identificação dos fatores associados, foram estimadas razões de prevalências utilizando-se da regressão de Poisson com dados de 2015. Resultados A prevalência de realização da mamografia, de 2007 a 2015, aumentou nos dois desfechos. Entre as variáveis analisadas, apenas a posse de plano de saúde manteve-se associada à realização da mamografia em algum momento da vida. Para a realização do exame nos últimos dois anos, mantiveram-se associados o estado civil casada/união estável e a posse de plano de saúde. Conclusão É necessário haver ações prioritárias nos serviços públicos de saúde, com a ampliação do acesso à solicitação e à realização da mamografia, garantindo acesso igualitário entre todas as mulheres.

Abstract Background Mammography is the main method for the early detection of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to learn about the temporal trend for mammography and identify factors associated with the examination at some point in life and in the last two years. Objective Describe the temporal trend of mammograms and identify factors associated with this exam at some point in life and in the last two years. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-reported data from women aged 50 to 69 years from Vigitel. To analyze the tendency to perform mammography, both at some point in life and in the last two years, data from 2007 to 2015 in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, were analyzed using simple linear regression, and to identify the associated factors, prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with data from 2015. Results The prevalence of mammography, from 2007 to 2015, increased in both outcomes. Among the variables analyzed, only possession of a health plan remained associated with mammography at some point in life. For the examination in the last two years, marital status/stable union, and possession of a health plan remained associated. Conclusion Priority actions are needed in public health services, with increased access to requests and the performance of mammography, guaranteeing equal access among all women.

Tendência de Realização da Citologia Oncótica e Fatores Associados em Mulheres de 25 a 64 anos / Tendency of performing Cytology Smear and Associated Factors in Women 25 to 64 Years Old

Objetivo: Conhecer a tendência temporal de realização da citologia oncótica e identificar fatores associados à realização do exame em algum momento da vida e nos últimos três anos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, utilizando dados autorreferidos por mulheres, de 25 a 64 anos, oriundos do estudo transversal Vigitel. Para análise da tendência, dados de 2007 a 2015 da Capital João Pessoa, PB, foram analisados por meio de regressão linear simples e, para identificação dos fatores associados, razões de prevalências foram estimadas utilizando-se regressão de Poisson com dados de 2015. Resultados: A realização da citologia oncótica permaneceu, praticamente, estável no período de 2007 a 2015. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, a faixa etária manteve-se associada a uma maior prevalência de realização do exame nos dois desfechos e o estado civil casado/união estável manteve-se associado à maior prevalência de realização do exame em algum momento da vida; a escolaridade de 9 a 11 anos de estudo apresentou uma associação negativa com a realização do exame nos últimos três anos. Conclusão: A cobertura da citologia oncótica não foi satisfatória entre as mulheres de João Pessoa, Paraíba. A faixa etária mais avançada e as mulheres casadas ou em união estável apresentaram maior prevalência de realização do exame.(AU)

Objective: Know the time trend of performing cytology smears and identifying factors associated with performing the examination at some point in life and in the last three years. Methodology: It is an epidemiological study using self-reported data by women from 25 to 64 years old, from the cross-sectional Vigitel study. For the trend analysis, data from 2007 to 2015 in the city of João Pessoa, Paraiba, were analyzed by means of simple linear regression, and to identify associated factors, prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson Regression, with data from 2015. Results: Oncotic cytology was practically stable from 2007 to 2015. Among the analyzed variables, age remained associated with a higher prevalence of performing the examination in both outcomes and the marital status married/in a stable union remained associated with a higher prevalence of performing the examination at any lifetime; education from 9 to 11 years of schooling showed a negative association with the completion of the exam in the last three years. Conclusion: The coverage of the Pap smear exam was not satisfactory among women in Joao Pessoa. The advanced age and married/in a stable union woman had higher prevalence of performing the examination. (AU)

Risk and protection factors for self-reported hypertension and diabetes in João Pessoa, Brazil. The VIGITEL survey, 2014. A cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases are the main cause of death among adults and are responsible for most outpatient and hospital care expenses in Brazil. The objective here was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and to analyze the associations with risk and protection factors among adults. DESIGN AND LOCAL: Cross-sectional study in a state capital in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Data on adults of both sexes aged ≥ 45 years who were interviewed in the Vigitel telephone survey in 2014 were analyzed. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression, to identify associated factors. RESULTS: Among women, the prevalence of hypertension was 48.4% and of diabetes, 12.7%; among men, the prevalences were 41.9% and 13.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that for women, age group ≥ 65 years, overweight, self-assessed poor health and dyslipidemia remained associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. For men, overweight and self-assessed poor health remained associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Regarding diabetes, in the multivariate model for women, age group 55-64 years, schooling level between zero and four years and no regular consumption of beans remained associated with higher prevalence. For men, age groups 55-64 years and ≥ 65 years and being married or in a stable partnership were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes were high and that preventable factors were associated with this situation, thus providing support for public policies aimed towards coping with this.

Risk and protection factors for self-reported hypertension and diabetes in João Pessoa, Brazil. The VIGITEL survey, 2014. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases are the main cause of death among adults and are responsible for most outpatient and hospital care expenses in Brazil. The objective here was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and to analyze the associations with risk and protection factors among adults. DESIGN AND LOCAL: Cross-sectional study in a state capital in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Data on adults of both sexes aged ≥ 45 years who were interviewed in the Vigitel telephone survey in 2014 were analyzed. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression, to identify associated factors. RESULTS: Among women, the prevalence of hypertension was 48.4% and of diabetes, 12.7%; among men, the prevalences were 41.9% and 13.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that for women, age group ≥ 65 years, overweight, self-assessed poor health and dyslipidemia remained associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. For men, overweight and self-assessed poor health remained associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Regarding diabetes, in the multivariate model for women, age group 55-64 years, schooling level between zero and four years and no regular consumption of beans remained associated with higher prevalence. For men, age groups 55-64 years and ≥ 65 years and being married or in a stable partnership were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes were high and that preventable factors were associated with this situation, thus providing support for public policies aimed towards coping with this.