Careful Where You Cut: Strategies for Successful Nerve-preserving Mastectomy.

Breast neurotization represents an evolving technique that is not widely practiced in most centers specializing in breast cancer treatment. Recognizing the limited educational resources available for breast and plastic surgeons concerning mastectomy techniques that emphasize nerve preservation, our study sought to bridge this gap. Specifically, we aimed to provide a comprehensive exploration of the surgical applied anatomy of breast sensory innervation and a detailed, step-by-step guide for incorporating nerve-sparing mastectomy and breast neurotization into clinical practice. The significance of this work lies in its potential to enhance the understanding and implementation of nerve-preserving techniques in mastectomy procedures, contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life post surgery. We hope that by familiarizing breast and reconstructive surgeons with this procedure, we can gain momentum in our research efforts and ultimately enhance the care provided to mastectomy patients.

Indocyanine Green-Guided Near-Infrared Fluorescence Enhances Vascular Anatomy in Robot-Assisted DIEP Flap Harvest.

SUMMARY: Indocyanine green-guided near-infrared fluorescence imaging has gained clinical acceptance lately. This technology can be particularly advantageous in the case of robotic flap harvest. This article presents a new approach to deep epigastric pedicle dissection using indocyanine green-guided near-infrared fluorescence in the setting of robot-assisted deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps.

Long COVID neuropsychological follow-up: Is cognitive rehabilitation relevant?

BACKGROUND: Duration of neuropsychological disorders caused by long COVID, and the variables that impact outcomes, are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cognitive profile of patients with long COVID post-participation in a neuropsychological rehabilitation program and subsequent reassessment and identify the factors that influence recovery. METHODS: 208 patients (mean age of 48.8 y.o.), mostly female, were reevaluated 25 months after their first COVID infection and 17 months after their initial evaluation. Patients underwent subjective assessment, Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS), Phonemic Verbal Fluency and Clock Drawing Tests (NEUPSILIN) for executive functions, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and WHOQol-Bref. RESULTS: We noted a discrete improvement of neuropsychological symptoms 25 months after the acute stage of COVID-19; nonetheless, performance was not within the normative parameters of standardized neuropsychological testing. These results negatively impact QoL and corroborate patients' subjective assessments of cognitive issues experienced in daily life. Improvement was seen in those who participated in psychoeducational neuropsychological rehabilitation, had higher levels of education, and lower depression scores on the HADS. CONCLUSION: Our data reveal the persistence of long-term cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with long COVID. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is shown to be important, whether in-person or online.

Proposing Clinicopathological Staging and Mitotic Count as Prognostic Factors for Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of malignant mesenchymal tumors with similar histological features and biological behaviors. They are characterized by a low to moderate local recurrence rate and low metastasis, affecting approximately 20% of patients. Although this tumor set is vital in veterinary medicine, no previous unified staging system or mitotic count has been associated with patient prognosis. Therefore, this study proposed a new clinicopathological staging method and evaluated a cut-off value for mitosis related to the survival of dogs affected by STS. This study included 105 dogs affected by STS, treated only with surgery, and a complete follow-up evaluation. The new clinicopathological staging system evaluated tumor size (T), nodal involvement (N), distant metastasis (M), and histological grading criteria (G) to categorize the tumor stage into four groups (stages I, II, III, and IV). The proposed tumor staging system was able to differentiate patients' prognoses, with dogs with stage IV disease experiencing the lowest survival time and dogs with stage I disease having the highest survival time (p < 0.001). Moreover, we assessed the median mitosis (based on mitotic count) and its association with overall survival. Our study's median mitosis was 5, and patients with ≤5 mitoses had a higher survival time (p = 0.006). Overall, the proposed staging system and mitotic count seemed promising in the prediction of patient prognosis.

PRL-R Variants Are Not Only Associated With Prolactinomas But Also With Dopamine Agonist Resistance.

CONTEXT: Knockout prolactin receptor gene (PRL-R) mice are animal models for prolactinomas and PRL acts via autocrine/paracrine inhibiting lactotroph proliferation. Recently, variants of the PRL-R were identified in prolactinoma patients and their frequency was higher compared to individuals from the genomic database. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed PRL-R variants frequency in an extensive cohort of prolactinoma patients and evaluated their association with clinical, laboratorial, and imaging characteristics and hormonal response to cabergoline. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. SETTING: This study took place at the Neuroendocrinology Unit of Clinics Hospital, Medical School of University of São Paulo, Brazil, a tertiary referral center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study participants included adults with sporadic prolactinomas treated with cabergoline, where response to therapy was defined by prolactin normalization with up to 3 mg/week doses. DNA was extracted from blood samples and the PRL-R was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction techniques and automatic sequencing. The association of PRL-R variants with serum prolactin levels, maximal tumor diameter, tumor parasellar invasiveness, and response to cabergoline was analyzed. RESULTS: We found 6 PRL-R variants: p.Ile100(76)Val, p.Ile170(146)Leu, p.Glu400(376)Gln/p.Asn516(492)Ile, p.Glu470Asp e p.Ala591Pro; the last 2 are newly described in prolactinomas' patients. The variants p.Glu400(376)Gln/p.Asn516(492)Ile and p.Ala591Pro were more frequent amongst patients compared to genomic databases, and the p.Asn516(492)Ile showed pathogenic potential using in silico analysis as previously described. PRL-R variants were associated with male sex (P = 0.015), higher serum PRL levels (P = 0.007), larger tumors (P = 0.001), and cabergoline resistance (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prolactin/prolactin receptor system seems to be related to prolactinoma tumorigenesis and cabergoline resistance. Additional studies are needed to better understand the PRL-R variants' role and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Análise epidemiológica e espacial da sífilis congênita em uma região de saúde do nordeste brasileiro / Epidemiological and spatial analysis of congenital syphilis in a health region of Northeast Brazil

Resumo Introdução A Sífilis Congênita (SC) permanece como desafio e a sua ocorrência evidencia fragilidades nos serviços de saúde. Objetivo Analisar a associação da taxa de incidência de Sífilis Congênita com as variáveis maternas, atenção ao pré-natal, indicadores sociodemográficos e de cobertura dos serviços de saúde, segundo análise espacial em uma região do nordeste brasileiro. Método Estudo ecológico misto analítico, cuja população foi composta por todos os casos de SC da região de saúde de 2010 a 2017, totalizando 522 casos. Resultados Na distribuição espacial da taxa de incidência de Sífilis Congênita, dois municípios apresentaram as maiores taxas, o Índice Global de Moran obteve associação espacial positiva e foram construídos os mapas Lisa e Moran. O coeficiente espacial autorregressivo foi significativo, bem como as variáveis "Taxa de analfabetismo em maiores de 15 anos", "Diagnóstico de sífilis materna durante o pré-natal", "Esquema de tratamento não realizado" e "Média anual da cobertura populacional estimada da ESF". Conclusão As informações evidenciadas são pertinentes ao planejamento e monitoramento da transmissão vertical da sífilis, com direcionamento de recursos a áreas mais vulneráveis visando melhorar o quadro epidemiológico da Sífilis Congênita.

Abstract Background Congenital syphilis (CS) remains a challenge and its occurrence exposes flaws in Brazilian health services. Objective analyze the association between CS incidence and maternal variables, prenatal care, sociodemographic variables and health service coverage indicators, employing spatial analysis, in a region of the Brazilian Northeast. Method Analytical mixed ecological study, with a population composed of all CS cases in the health region between 2010 to 2017, totaling 522 cases. Results Two towns presented the highest incidence rates for CS spatial distribution. Global Moran's I presented a positive spatial association and the Moran and Lisa maps were plotted. The autoregressive spatial coefficient was statistically significant, as well as the variables "Illiteracy rate > 15 years old", "Diagnosis of maternal syphilis during prenatal", "treatment plan not completed" and "Annual average for estimated population coverage of ESF". Conclusion The information presented is relevant for planning and undertaking monitoring of vertical syphilis transmission, targeting resources for more vulnerable areas, and aiming to improve epidemiological outcomes for CS.

Intervenção de enfermagem para prevenção de queda da pessoa idosa com transtorno mental / Nursing intervention to prevent fall of the elderly person with mental disorder / Intervención enfermera para evitar que los ancianos caigan con transtorina mental

Objetivo: aplicar intervenções de enfermagem sobre prevenção de quedas a pessoas idosas com transtornos mentais. Material e Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa- cuidado, para subsidiar a aplicação das intervenções de enfermagem foi utilizado componentes do Modelo Teórico de Promoção da Saúde, desenvolvido por Nola J. Pender. A primeira etapa do estudo foi desenvolvida em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial e a segunda etapa no domicilio dos idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2022, com idosos de idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, que estivessem sendo acompanhados no serviço. A amostra foi composta por 15 idosos. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um formulário estruturado com variáveis sociodemográficas, investigação de saúde e doença e características do domicílio e um instrumento utilizado para avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos. A análise descritiva dos dados, ocorreu por meio do cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas. Os aspectos éticos da resolução 466/12 foram respeitados em todas as fases do estudo. Resultados: Predominaram mulheres (80,00%), casadas (53,33%), com uma média de idade de 70,52 anos, de cor branca (53,33%) e analfabetos (55,33%). No que se refere às condições de saúde e doença, foi possível observar que o tipo de transtorno mental que mais predominou foi a depressão (60,00%) e a ansiedade (33,33%). Grande parte dos participantes do estudo (73,33%) relataram que já caíram ao menos 6 vezes, em um tempo médio de 1 ano. Ressalta-se que (93,33%) dos idosos não receberam orientações sobre prevenção de quedas no domicilio. Todos os idosos apresentaram alto risco de quedas. As intervenções de enfermagem foram realizadas aos idosos com transtornos mentais com alto risco para quedas. Considerações Finais: A maioria dos idosos tiveram quedas dentro do domicilio, a ocorrência de quedas nesse espaço está relacionada a insegurança do ambiente. Diante disso, a realização da intervenção foi de grande importância para a prevenção a quedas com enfoque na saúde do idoso direcionados aos gestores, profissionais e comunidade.

Objective: To apply nursing interventions on prevention of falls to elderly people with mental disorders. Material and Method: It is a research-care, to subsidise the application of nursing interventions was used components of the Theoretical Model of Health Promotion, developed by Nola J. Pender. The first stage of the study was developed at a Psychosocial Care Centre and the second stage in the home of the elderly. Data collection has been conducted between August and November 2022, with elderly people aged 60 and over, who were being accompanied in the service. The sample consisted of 15 elderly people. For the data collection, a structured form was used with sociodemographic variables, health and disease research and characteristics of the household, and an instrument used to assess the risk of falls in the elderly. Descriptive analysis of the data, occurred by calculating absolute and relative frequencies. The ethical aspects of resolution 466/12 were respected at all stages of the study. Results: Women predominated (80.00%), married (53.33%), with an average age of 70.52 years, white (53.33%) and illiterate (55.33%). With regard to health and illness conditions, it was observed that the type of mental disorder that predominated most was depression (60.00%) and anxiety (33.33%). A large number of the study's participants (73.33%) reported that they have already fallen at least 6 times, in an average time of 1 year. It should be noted that (93.33%) of the elderly did not receive guidelines on the prevention of falls in the home. All older adults were at high risk of falls. Nursing interventions were performed for elderly with mental disorders at high risk for falls. Final Considerations: Most of the elderly have had falls within the home, the occurrence of falls in this space is related to environmental insecurity. In view of this, the implementation of the intervention was of great importance for the prevention of falls with a focus on the health of the elderly directed towards managers, professionals and community.

Objetivo: aplicar intervenciones de enfermería en la prevención de caídas a personas mayores con trastornos mentales. Material y método: Se trata de una investigación cuidadosa, para subsidiar la aplicación de las intervenciones de enfermería, se utilizaron componentes del Modelo Teórico para la Promoción de la Salud, desarrollado por Nola J. Pender. La primera etapa del estudio se desarrolló en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial y la segunda etapa en los hogares de ancianos. La colección de datos tiene entre agosto y noviembre de 2022, se llevaron a cabo con personas mayores de 60 años que estaban acompañadas en el servicio. La muestra consistió en 15 ancianos. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una forma estructurada con variables sociodemográficas, investigación de la salud y las enfermedades y características del hogar, así como un instrumento utilizado para evaluar el riesgo de caída en los ancianos. El análisis descriptivo de los datos se realizó mediante el cálculo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. En todas las etapas del estudio se respetaron los aspectos éticos de la resolución 466/12. Resultados: mujeres predominantes (80,00%), casadas (53,33%), con una edad media de 70,52 años, blancas (53,33%) y analfabetas (55,33%). En cuanto a la salud y las enfermedades, se observó que el tipo de trastorno mental más prevalente fue depresión (60,00%) y ansiedad (33,33%). Un gran número de participantes en el estudio (73,33%) informó que ya habían caído al menos seis veces en un período medio de un año. Cabe señalar que (93,33%) de las personas de edad avanzada no recibieron directrices sobre la prevención de las caídas desde el hogar. Todos los ancianos mostraron un alto riesgo de caída. Las intervenciones de enfermería se realizaron en ancianos con trastornos mentales con alto riesgo de caída. Consideraciones finales: La mayoría de las personas de edad se habían refugiado en el hogar, la aparición de caídas en este espacio está relacionada con la inseguridad del medio ambiente. A la luz de ello, la aplicación de la intervención fue de gran importancia para la prevención de caídas, centrándose en la salud de las personas de edad, dirigida a los directivos, los profesionales y la comunidad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Salud Mental; Enfermería; Ancianos; Crash.

A retrospective review of submuscular implant-based breast reconstruction: The influence of dermal matrix (ADM) on complications and aesthetic outcomes.

PURPOSE: The use of acellular dermal matrix changed the breast reconstruction algorithm facilitating implant coverage and direct to implant technique. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the ADM surgical complications, breast aesthetics, and patient satisfaction. METHODS: In a tertiary hospital, patients that underwent implant-based breast reconstructions during a three-year period had their charts retrospectively reviewed, received post-operative BreastQ, and had their post-operative photos evaluated by a three-member panel using a multi-parameter breast specific scale (scored 1-5). The complication information was analysed per reconstructed breast while the analysis of aesthetic and patient-reported outcomes was done per patient. RESULTS: A total of 501 patients (990 breasts) were evaluated. In the complication analysis group, 20.3% of the breasts had ADM. Overall complications and major complications were more frequent in the ADM group. During the first 30 postoperative days the most frequent complications were: skin necrosis/delayed wound healing and haematoma, after 30 days was infection, and complications after 1 year being less than 1%. On the outcome analysis group, ADM was used in 21.5% patients, 44% had post-operative photos, and 29% answered the BreastQ. Factors associated with higher appearance score were bilateral reconstruction, prophylactic surgery, and nipple presence. ADM demonstrated no difference in satisfaction with breasts. CONCLUSION: In implant-based breast reconstructions ADM has been shown to increase rate of complications. The use of acellular dermal matrix did not influence the overall appearance or the patient-reported outcome. A good aesthetic outcome is positively influenced by bilateral reconstructions with preservation of the nipple.

Educational technology to promote father involvement in childbirth and birth.

OBJECTIVES: to build and validate an educational booklet to promote the involvement of parents in labor and birth. METHODS: methodological study developed in five stages: situational diagnosis; bibliographic survey; construction of illustrations, layout, design and texts; content and appearance validation by judges (25 experts) and calculation of the Flesch Readability Index; and validation with the target audience (12 parents). A minimum Content Validity Index of 0.80 was considered. RESULTS: the booklet was entitled "Father Presence" and was developed in 11 topics. In Content and Appearance Validation, the Validity Index obtained an overall score of 0.97. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, indicating excellent reliability of its content. A global score of 74% for readability was obtained, considered easy to understand. CONCLUSIONS: the material was successful in the validation process, and it can be recommended for parents to use it during the prenatal period, promoting the inclusion of the partner and preparing them for labor and birth.

Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Factors Influencing Disparity in Perceptions of Breast Reconstruction Aesthetic Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcomes are the primary measurement of breast reconstruction success, but results may be affected by nontechnical factors such as socioemotional determinants. Third-party observers provide an independent assessment of aesthetic outcomes. Factors associated with disparity between patient and observer perceptions of outcomes are not well understood. METHODS: One hundred forty-seven patients underwent breast reconstruction at the authors' institution between 2009 and 2011, completed the BREAST-Q, and had photographs graded by a diverse panel using the Validated Breast Aesthetic Scale. Patient satisfaction with breasts scores that aligned with observer scores were categorized as group 2; patient satisfaction that exceeded observer scores were group 1; and those lower than observer scores were group 3. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with values of p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (19 percent) were categorized as group 1, 93 (63 percent) in group 2, and 26 (18 percent) in group 3. Median overall appearance was highest in group 3 (median, 4.0; interquartile range, 4 to 4) and lowest in group 1 (median, 3.0; interquartile range, 2 to 3) ( p < 0.001). Psychosocial, sexual, and physical well-being were significantly associated with disparity (group 1 or 3 status) ( p < 0.01). Satisfaction with outcomes, nipples, abdomen, and breasts were significantly associated with disparity. Factors not significantly associated with disparity include age, body mass index, autologous or implant-based, adjuvant therapies, and timing of reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Incongruously high patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction aesthetics relative to third-party perception of aesthetic outcomes is associated with high quality-of-life scores. Incongruously low patient satisfaction with breast cosmesis compared with higher third-party perceptions was associated with low quality-of-life scores. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, II.

Melatonin restores zinc levels, activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, and modulates endoplasmic reticular stress and HSP in rats with chronic hepatotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Melatonin (MLT) is a potent antioxidant molecule that is shown to have a beneficial effect in various pathological situations, due to its action against free radicals. AIM: To evaluate the effect of MLT on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in rats in terms of oxidative stress, reticular stress, and cell damage. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were divided into four groups: Control rats, rats treated with MLT alone, rats treated with CCl4 alone, and rats treated with CCl4 plus MLT. CCl4 was administered as follows: Ten doses every 5 d, ten every 4 d, and seven every 3 d. MLT was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg from the 10th wk to the end of the experiment (16th wk). RESULTS: MLT was able to reduce the release of liver enzymes in the bloodstream and to decrease oxidative stress in CCl4 treated rats by decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increasing superoxide dismutase activity, with a lower reduction in serum zinc levels, guaranteeing a reduction in liver damage; additionally, it increased the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and decreased the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. MLT also decreased the expression of the proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, i.e., glucose-regulated protein 78 and activating transcription factor 6, as well as of heat shock factor 1 and heat shock protein 70. CONCLUSION: MLT has a hepatoprotective effect in an experimental model of CCl4-induced liver injury, since it reduces oxidative stress, restores zinc levels, and modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress.

A Novel Validated Breast Aesthetic Scale.

BACKGROUND: Breast aesthetics impacts patients' quality of life after breast reconstruction, but patients and surgeons frequently disagree on the final aesthetic evaluation. The need for a comprehensive, validated tool to evaluate breast aesthetics independently from the patient motivated this study. METHODS: The 13-item Validated Breast Aesthetic Scale was developed after several internal meetings, and worded to be understood by a nonspecialist. Three items are common for both breasts, with the remaining being side-specific. To test the internal consistency of the scale subitems, postoperative photographs after different breast reconstruction techniques were graded by a six-member panel. To test interrater and intrarater correlation across time, four physicians evaluated the results of abdominally based breast reconstructions following nipple-sparing mastectomies. RESULTS: Graded aesthetic outcomes of 53 patients showed that the Cronbach alpha of the subitems of the scale was 0.926, with no single item that, if excluded, would increase it. Twenty-two patients underwent aesthetic outcomes grading at four different time points. The mean overall appearance was 3.71 ± 0.62. The mean grade for overall nipple appearance was 4.0 ± 0.57. The coefficient alpha of the panel overall aesthetic grade across different time points was 0.957; whereas intragrader reliability for graders 1 through 4 individually showed alpha coefficients of 0.894, 0.9, 0.898, and 0.688, respectively. Similar results were found for the other items of the scale. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed aesthetic scale evaluates different aspects of the breast reconstruction aesthetic result with excellent internal consistency among its subitems. Grading by a gender-balanced, diverse four-member panel using postoperative photographs showed higher reliability and reproducibility compared to single graders.

Neurotization Does not Prolong Operative Time in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Neurotization during the breast reconstruction process can improve patient quality-of-life and satisfaction with reconstructive outcomes. One concern with neurotization is increased total operative time due to the need for additional dissection and nerve coaptation. The purpose of this study was to compare total operative time between neurotized and non-neurotized abdominal-based, free flap breast reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive patients who underwent unilateral, abdominal-based, free flap breast reconstruction between 2016 and 2018 at a single tertiary care center. Data were collected on patient demographics, surgical techniques, and length of surgery. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test, independent t-test, and multivariate linear regression analysis. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were included in this study. Twenty-three patients (31.50%) underwent flap neurotization (N group) and 50 (68.49%) underwent standard breast reconstruction without neurotization (NO group). The groups were similar in age, BMI, smoking status, and ASA class. No difference was found between the two groups in timing of reconstruction (p = 0.388). Average operative times were 467.73 ± 145.52 minutes and 455.28 ± 111.19 minutes for the N and NO groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (two-tailed p-value = 0.72). CONCLUSION: Seamless integration of neurotization in abdominal-based, free flap breast reconstruction is possible without significant prolongation of total operative time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The use of closed incision negative pressure therapy for incision and surrounding soft tissue management: Expert panel consensus recommendations.

As the use of closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) becomes more widespread, dressing designs have evolved to address implementation challenges and meet surgeon demand. While traditional application of ciNPT was limited to the immediate suture line, a novel dressing that covers the incision and additional surrounding tissues has become available. To expand upon previous ciNPT recommendations and provide guidance on this new dressing, an expert panel of plastic surgeons convened to review the current literature, identify challenges to the implementation and sustainability of ciNPT, and use a modified Delphi technique to form a consensus on the appropriate use of ciNPT with full-coverage dressings. After three rounds of collecting expert opinion via the Delphi method, consensus was reached if 80% of the panel agreed upon a statement. This manuscript establishes 10 consensus statements regarding when ciNPT with full-coverage foam dressings should be considered or recommended in the presence of patient or incision risk factors, effective therapeutic settings and duration, precautions for use, and tools and techniques to support application. The panel also discussed areas of interest for future study of ciNPT with full-coverage dressings. High-quality, controlled studies are needed to expand the understanding of the benefits of ciNPT over the incision and surrounding tissues.

Relações de gênero e poder no contexto das vulnerabilidades de mulheres às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis / Gender and power relations in the context of the vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted disease / Relaciones de género y poder en el contexto de las vulnerabilidades de las mujeres ante las infecciones de transmisión sexual

Objetivou-se investigar as relações de gênero e poder no contexto das vulnerabilidades de mulheres às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido com oito mulheres em fase reprodutiva e com histórico de contaminação por infecção sexualmente transmissível. Os dados produzidos por entrevistas estruturadas foram submetidos à análise temática proposta por Bardin. As mulheres são retraídas em posição de submissão, refletindo a forte influência de gênero nas relações afetivas conjugais, situação que dificulta o diálogo e a negociação de uma relação sexual segura, além de contribuir para que a mulher não se reconheça como um sujeito de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Portanto, elas devem ser sensibilizadas por meio de intervenções que estimulem o empoderamento para a negociação do sexo seguro, o protagonismo e o reconhecimento de si como um sujeito de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.(AU)

This study investigated gender and power relations in the context of the vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted diseases. We conducted a qualitative study with eight women of reproductive age with a history of sexually transmitted disease. The data were collected using structured interviews, which were analyzed using a method of thematic analysis proposed by Bardin. The women are drawn into a position of submission, reflecting the strong influence of gender on affective marital relationships, hampering dialogue and the negotiation of safe sex and contributing to lack of self-recognition as subjects of sexual and reproductive rights. It is therefore important to raise awareness among women using interventions that promote empowerment for the negotiation of safe sex, protagonism, and self-recognition as a subject sexual and reproductive rights.(AU)

El objetivo fue investigar las relaciones de género y de poder en el contexto de las vulnerabilidades de las mujeres antes las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Estudio de naturaleza cualitativa, desarrollado con mujeres en fase de reproducción e historial de contaminación por infección de transmisión sexual. Los datos producidos a partir de entrevistas estructuradas se sometieron al análisis temático propuesto por Bardin. Las mujeres son retraídas para la posición de sumisión, reflejando la fuerte influencia de género en las relaciones afectivas conyugales, situación que dificulta el diálogo, la negociación de una relación sexual segura, además de contribuir para que la mujer no se reconozca como un sujeto de derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Por lo tanto, las mujeres deben ser sensibilizadas por medio de intervenciones que incentiven el empoderamiento para la negociación del sexo seguro, el protagonismo y el reconocimiento de sí como un sujeto de derechos sexuales y reproductivos.(AU)

Internações evitáveis de idosos no estado do Ceará: estudo ecológico descritivo / Avoidable hospitalizations of the elderly in the state of Ceará: a descriptive ecological study

Estudos que avaliam as Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) são relevantes no campo da saúde, pois se referem à indicadores da atenção hospitalar que representam uma medida indireta do efeito da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), partindo-se da premissa de que a APS de boa qualidade evita/reduz internações no público idoso. O presente artigo objetivou descrever o comportamento das ICSAP em idosos de 60 a 74 anos no estado do Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico descritivo que analisou a evolução temporal das taxas anuais de ICSAP em idosos nas cinco macrorregiões de saúde do estado do Ceará, no período de 2008 a 2019. Os dados secundários referentes às internações e à projeção da população residente para o cálculo das taxas foram extraídos, respectivamente, do sistema de informação hospitalar e do banco de dados demográficos, ambos contidos no Tabnet do Departamento de Informática do SUS. No período de 2008 a 2019 ocorreram 686.906 internações nas cinco macrorregiões de saúde do estado do Ceará, destas (298.002) foram por condições sensíveis. A maior taxa de ICSAP (452,99) ocorreu na macrorregião do Cariri. Houve predominância de idosos homens (4,731) na faixa etária de 70-74 anos (5.893) e por condições crônicas (2.195,3). Observou-se redução das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária no período estudado, exceto na região do sertão central. A diminuição das internações de idosos no estado do Ceará pode estar relacionada a uma atenção primária mais resolutiva na atenção ao idoso.

Studies that evaluate Hospitalizations due to Primary Care-sensitive Conditions (HPCSC) are relevant in the field of health, as they refer to indicators of hospital care that represent an indirect measurement of the effect of Primary Health Care (PHC), based on the premise that good quality PHC prevents/reduces hospitalizations among the elderly population. This article aimed to describe the behavior of HPCSC in elderly people aged 60 to 74 years old in the state of Ceará. This is a descriptive ecological study that analyzed the temporal evolution of annual rates of HPCSC in the elderly in the five health macro-regions of the state of Ceará, from 2008 to 2019. Secondary data regarding hospitalizations and the projection of the resident population for the calculation of rates were extracted, respectively, from the hospital information system and from the demographic database, both contained within the Tabnet of the Department of Informatics of the UHS. In the period from 2008 to 2019, there were 686,906 hospitalizations in the five health macro-regions of the state of Ceará, of which (298,002) were due to sensitive conditions. The highest rate of HPCSC (452.99) occurred in the Cariri macro-region. There was a predominance of elderly men (4,731) aged 70-74 years (5,893) and due to chronic conditions (2,195.3). There was a reduction in hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions in the period studied, except in the central Sertão region. The decrease in hospitalizations of the elderly in the state of Ceará may be related to a more resolute primary care in the care of the elderly.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem em gestantes de alto risco hospitalizadas em maternidade / Nursing diagnoses in high-risk pregnant women hospitalized in maternity / Diagnóstico de enfermería en mujeres embarazadas de alto riesgo hospitalizadas en maternidad

Objetivo: descrever os diagnósticos de enfermagem em gestantes hospitalizadas em maternidade. Método: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido durante agosto de 2017 a julho de 2018, em maternidade de município do estado do Ceará. Constituiu-se como amostra 181 gestantes hospitalizadas. Para a coleta, utilizou-se de um instrumento estruturado. As informações foram compiladas e armazenadas no Excel. Resultados: dos 24 títulos diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados, 14 tratam-se de diagnósticos reais e 10 de riscos. Os fatores relacionados mais predominantes foram ameaça à condição atual (89), seguida da privacidade insuficiente e barreira ambiental (75). Entre as características, destacam-se alteração na marcha, (42,54%), alteração no padrão de sono (41,43%), o local atual não possibilita envolvimento em atividades (35,91%) e edema (33,14%). Predominaram como fatores de risco procedimento invasivo e gravidez não planejada por 55,24%. Conclusão: as situações clínicas das gestantes de alto risco representaram os principais problemas biopsicoespirituais

Objective: to describe the nursing diagnoses in pregnant women hospitalized in a maternity hospital. Method: quantitative approach study, developed during August 2017 to July 2018, in a maternity hospital in the municipality of the state of Ceará. The sample consisted of 181 hospitalized pregnant women. For the collection, a structured instrument was used. The information was compiled and stored in Excel. Results: of the 24 nursing diagnostic titles identified, 14 are real diagnoses and 10 are risks. The most prevalent related factors were threats to the current condition (89), followed by insufficient privacy and environmental barriers (75). Among the characteristics, changes in gait (42.54%), changes in sleep patterns (41.43%), the current location do not allow involvement in activities (35.91%) and edema (33.14) %). Invasive procedures and unplanned pregnancies predominated as risk factors for 55.24%. Conclusion: the clinical situations of high-risk pregnant women represented the main biopsychospiritual problems

Objetivo: describir los diagnósticos de enfermería en gestantes hospitalizadas en una maternidad. Método: estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, desarrollado durante agosto de 2017 a julio de 2018, en una maternidad del municipio del estado de Ceará. La muestra estuvo constituida por 181 gestantes hospitalizadas. Para la colección se utilizó un instrumento estructurado. La información se recopiló y almacenó en Excel. Resultados: de los 24 títulos de diagnóstico de enfermería identificados, 14 son diagnósticos reales y 10 son riesgos. Los factores relacionados más prevalentes fueron las amenazas a la condición actual (89), seguidas de la privacidad insuficiente y las barreras ambientales (75). Entre las características, cambios en la marcha (42,54%), cambios en los patrones de sueño (41,43%), la ubicación actual no permiten la participación en actividades (35,91%) y edema (33,14) %). Los procedimientos invasivos y los embarazos no planeados predominaron como factores de riesgo para el 55,24%. Conclusión: las situaciones clínicas de las gestantes de alto riesgo representaron los principales problemas biopsicoespirituales

Intervenções para prevenção de quedas em idosos na Atenção Primária: revisão sistemática / Intervenciones para la prevención de caídas de adultos mayores en la Atención Primaria: revisión sistemática / Interventions to prevent falls in older adults in Primary Care: a systematic review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar na literatura, nacional e internacional, intervenções eficazes para prevenção de quedas em idosos desenvolvidas no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde e classificá-las tendo por base o Relatório da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre Prevenção de quedas. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada entre 2019 e 2020, conduzida a partir do guia PRISMA e registrada na PROSPERO (CRD42020149529). Avaliadores independentes consultaram as bases de dados MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Lilacs, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science e Embase. Para a busca nas bases, utilizaram os descritores definidos a partir da estratégia PICO: "elderly", "elder", "aged", "aging", "care", "education", "primary health", "falls" e "prevention". Utilizou-se a escala PEDro para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos selecionados. Os resultados foram apresentados de modo a favorecer a comparabilidade entre os estudos incluídos nesta revisão e serem categorizados quanto ao perfil das produções e classificação das intervenções. Resultados Identificaram-se 20 artigos elegíveis, sendo 35% (n=8) classificados como alta qualidade metodológica e 25% (n=5) como excelente qualidade. Das intervenções investigadas, 55% (n=11) consistiam em programas de exercício físico, e 45% (n=9) eram multicomponentes, com tempo de duração entre 3 semanas e 12 meses, realizadas por diferentes categorias profissionais. Tais intervenções influenciaram na redução de quedas e na diminuição do medo de cair nos idosos, bem como contribuíram para o fortalecimento muscular, a capacidade motora e a melhora cognitiva. Conclusão As intervenções identificadas mostraram-se eficazes no fortalecimento musculoesquelético, na manutenção da funcionalidade geriátrica, na melhoria do equilíbrio e na avaliação de riscos de quedas para promoção do enfrentamento dos mesmos.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar en la literatura nacional e internacional intervenciones eficaces para la prevención de caídas de adultos mayores desarrolladas en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud y clasificarlas con base en el informe de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre prevención de caídas. Métodos Revisión sistemática realizada entre 2019 y 2020, a partir de la guía PRISMA y registrada en PROSPERO (CRD42020149529). Evaluadores independientes consultaron las bases de datos MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Lilacs, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science y Embase. Para la búsqueda en las bases, se utilizaron los descriptores definidos a partir de la estrategia PICO: "elderly", "elder", "aged", "aging", "care", "education", "primary health", "falls" y "prevention". Se utilizó la escala PEDro para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios seleccionados. Los resultados fueron presentados a fin de favorecer la comparabilidad entre los estudios incluidos en esta revisión y para que puedan ser categorizados respecto al perfil de las producciones y clasificación de las intervenciones. Resultados Se identificaron 20 artículos elegibles, de los cuales el 35 % (n=8) fueron clasificados de alta calidad metodológica y el 25 % (n=5) de excelente calidad. De las intervenciones investigadas, el 55 % (n=11) consistió en programas de ejercicio físico y el 45 % (n=9) fue de multicomponentes, con un tiempo de duración entre 3 semanas y 12 meses, realizadas por diferentes categorías profesionales. Tales investigaciones influyeron en la reducción de caídas y en la disminución del miedo de caer de los adultos mayores, así como también contribuyeron al fortalecimiento muscular, a la capacidad motora y a la mejora cognitiva. Conclusión Las intervenciones identificadas demostraron ser eficaces para el fortalecimiento musculoesquelético, la conservación de la funcionalidad geriátrica, la mejora del equilibrio y la evaluación de riesgo de caída para la promoción del afrontamiento de estos.

Abstract Objective To identify effective interventions for preventing falls in older adults in the national and international literature, developed in primary health care settings, and categorize them based on the World Health Organization's Report on Fall Prevention. Methods A systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020149529), conducted between 2019 and 2020, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Independent reviewers consulted MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Lilacs, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The descriptors "elderly", "elder", "aged", "aging", "care", "education", "primary health", "falls" and "prevention" were used for the database search, and were defined from the PICO strategy. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. The results are presented in order to favor comparability among the studies included in this review and categorization regarding the profile of the publications and classification of the intervntions. Results Twenty eligible articles were identified, with 35% (n=8) classified as high methodological quality and 25% (n=5) as excellent quality. Among the investigated interventions, 55% (n=11) consisted of physical exercise programs, and 45% (n=9) were multicomponent, with a duration time between 3 weeks and 12 months, implemented by professionals from different disciplines. Such interventions had an impact on reducing falls and decreasing the fear of falling in older adults, as well as contributing to muscle strengthening, motor skills, and cognitive improvement. Conclusion The interventions identified proved to be effective in strengthening the musculoskeletal system, maintaining geriatric functionality, improving balance, and assessing the risk of falls to promote better management of these events.

Educational technology to promote father involvement in childbirth and birth / Tecnología educacional para promoción del involucramiento de padres en el parto y nacimiento / Tecnologia educacional para promoção do envolvimento de pais no parto e nascimento

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate an educational booklet to promote the involvement of parents in labor and birth. Methods: methodological study developed in five stages: situational diagnosis; bibliographic survey; construction of illustrations, layout, design and texts; content and appearance validation by judges (25 experts) and calculation of the Flesch Readability Index; and validation with the target audience (12 parents). A minimum Content Validity Index of 0.80 was considered. Results: the booklet was entitled "Father Presence" and was developed in 11 topics. In Content and Appearance Validation, the Validity Index obtained an overall score of 0.97. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, indicating excellent reliability of its content. A global score of 74% for readability was obtained, considered easy to understand. Conclusions: the material was successful in the validation process, and it can be recommended for parents to use it during the prenatal period, promoting the inclusion of the partner and preparing them for labor and birth.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar cartilla educativa para promoción del involucramiento de padres en el parto y nacimiento. Métodos: estudio metodológico desarrollado en cinco etapas: diagnóstico situacional; levantamiento bibliográfico; construcción de ilustraciones, esbozo, diseño y textos; validez de contenido y apariencia por jueces (25 especialistas) y cálculo del índice de Legibilidad de Flesch; y validación con el público objeto (12 padres). Considerado Índice de Validez de Contenido mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: la cartilla intitulada "Presencia de padre" y fue desarrollada en 11 tópicos. En la validez de contenido y apariencia, el Índice de Validez obtuvo escore global de 0,97. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,92, indicando excelente confiabilidad de su contenido. Puntuación global para legibilidad fue 74%, denotando fácil comprensión. Conclusiones: el material tuvo éxito en el proceso de validación, pudiendo ser recomendado a padres utilizarlo durante el período prenatal, promoviendo la inclusión del compañero y preparándolos al parto y nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para promoção do envolvimento de pais no parto e nascimento. Métodos: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em cinco etapas: diagnóstico situacional; levantamento bibliográfico; construção das ilustrações, layout, design e textos; validação de conteúdo e aparência por juízes (25 especialistas) e cálculo do índice de Legibilidade de Flesch; e validação com o público-alvo (12 pais). Considerou-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: a cartilha intitulou-se "Presença de pai" e foi desenvolvida em 11 tópicos. Na validação de conteúdo e aparência, o Índice de Validade obteve escore global de 0,97. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,92, indicando excelente confiabilidade de seu conteúdo. Pontuação global para legibilidade foi 74%, denotando fácil compreensão. Conclusões: o material teve êxito no processo de validação, podendo ser recomendado para os pais utilizarem-no durante o período pré-natal, promovendo a inclusão do parceiro e preparando-os para o parto e nascimento.