[Auxological study of contemporary and historical samples of the population of madrid]. / Estudio auxológico de muestras contemporáneas e históricas de la población madrileña: aplicación del modelo 1 de Preece-Baines.

OBJECTIVES: To describe statural growth in a sample of both sexes using the Preece-Baines model 1 (PB1) in order to obtain smoothed percentiles for use in reference growth charts. To apply the PB1to several historical samples, with different age ranges, obtained from the literature (1896-1983) in order to study secular changes in stature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,525 schoolchildren, aged 6-18 years. The PB1was fitted to the percentile curves, which were corrected for deviation from normal distribution by the LMS model. The PB1was applied to the historical samples and the variables describing growth spurt and adult height were compared. RESULTS: The age of peak height velocity (PHV) was 13.73 years in males and 11.02 years in females. Estimated adult height, in this model, was 176.22 cm for males and 163.53 cm for females. Mean velocity of secular change in males was estimated as 1.2 cm/decade. The age at PHV increased by 0.2 years/decade. CONCLUSIONS: The PB1did not achieve smoothed percentile curves for use in reference growth charts. Right skewness of the distribution was corrected by application of the LMS method. However, the PB1is useful for studying secular trends in statural growth.

Estudio auxológico de muestras contemporáneas e históricas de la población madrileña: aplicación del modelo 1 de Preece-Baines / Auxological study of contemporary and historical samples of the population of madrid (spain): application of the preece-baines growth model 1

Objetivos: Describir el crecimiento estatural de una muestra de niños y jóvenes de ambos sexos mediante el modelo 1 de Preece-Baines (PB1) para obtener valores percentilares suavizados que sirvan de referencia. Asimismo, aplicar el PB 1 a una serie de muestras históricas, con rangos de edad variables, recopiladas de la bibliografía entre 1896 y 1983, para estimar los cambios seculares. Material y métodos: La muestra constaba de 1.525 escolares entre 6 y 18 años. El PB1 se ajustó a las curvas percentilares que se corrigieron para las desviaciones de la normalidad mediante el modelo LMS. Después de aplicar el PB 1 a las muestras históricas se han comparado los parámetros que describen el estirón y la talla adulta. Resultados: La edad del pico del estirón ha resultado de 13,73 años en varones y de 11,02 años en mujeres y la estatura adulta estimada, según el modelo, de 176,22 cm en varones y de 163,53 cm en mujeres. La velocidad promedio de cambio secular en la talla adulta de los varones resultó de 1,2 cm/década. La edad del pico del estirón presenta un adelanto de 0,2 años/década. Conclusiones: Al elaborar referencias poblacionales de talla para la edad, el PB1 por sí mismo no logra suavizar los percentiles finales. Pero la aplicación del LMS consigue eliminar la asimetría derecha de la distribución. Sin embargo, el PB1 se adapta al estudio del secular trend para la talla (AU)

[Nutritional anthropometry and physical performance in urban adolescents of Madrid]. / Antropometría nutricional y aptitud física en adolescentes urbanos de Madrid.

OBJECTIVE: This work has been carried out as a cooperation project between University and High School Departments. Its objective was to evaluate the nutritional and physical status and eating habits in an urban adolescent population of Madrid. The study presents data about anthropometrical analyses and physical performance. SAMPLE AND METHODS: The sample analyzed was composed of 183 males and 222 females between 14 and 18 years of age. The nutritional status was analyzed by means of stature, weight, skinfold thickness and arm circumference, body mass index (BMI), and lean, fat and total upper arm areas. For physical fitness analysis, the EUROFIT battery was used (plate tapping, trunk and arm flexion, 10 x 5 run, horizontal jump, abdominals in 30 seconds and manual dynamometry). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: With regard to the anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness, the analyzed population is slightly above the reference standard, mainly in the youngest age studied. Percentage of obese subjects was 14.7% in males and 5.8% in females. In regard to physical fitness, the males surpassed the 50th percentile of the EUROFIT battery in almost all of the trials. The average in the female subjects was slightly inferior to the reference standards.