Adhesive capsaicin 8% patch for improved control of pain caused by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma: A single-centre, seven-case series.

BACKGROUND: Capsaicin is a highly selective agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. The adhesive capsaicin patch provides a high capsaicin concentration (8%) directly in the painful area - its efficacy in benign peripheral neuropathic pain (diabetic neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia) has recently been described in the literature. However, there is scant evidence of its efficacy in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). This is a concern for patients with multiple myeloma, who suffer from peripheral neuropathic pain induced by first-line treatments (bortezomib or thalidomide). AIM: To describe improved control of CIPN in patients with multiple myeloma using adhesive capsaicin 8% patch. METHODS: We opted for a retrospective observational case series. Between October 2017 and October 2020, we collected clinical data from adult multiple myeloma patients affected by CIPN who were administered the capsaicin 8% patch in our palliative care outpatient clinic. We compiled Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores, patients' medication needs and performance status before and after patch application. RESULTS: Two women and five men with an average age of 62.85 years received bortezomib. Two patients (28.57% of the sample) also received thalidomide. The average NPRS score before patch application was 6.42/10. Five of the seven patients (71.42%) received a mean daily oral morphine dose of 52.85 mg/day, five (71.42%) received gabapentinoids and one (14.28%) received antidepressants. The average NPRS score decreased to 4/10 seven days after patch application, while the mean daily oral morphine dose remained stable. Performance status improved slightly in two patients (28.57%) and remained stable in the rest. One patient (14.28%) required an extra analgesic dose during patch application. CONCLUSIONS: Capsaicin 8% patch application appears to reduce pain intensity in patients with multiple myeloma suffering from CIPN.

Development of a Guide to Multidimensional Needs Assessment in the Palliative Care Initial Encounter (MAP).

CONTEXT: Ensuring patient-centered palliative care requires a comprehensive assessment of needs beginning in the initial encounter. However, there is no generally accepted guide for carrying out this multidimensional needs assessment as a first step in palliative intervention. OBJECTIVES: To develop an expert panel-endorsed interview guide that would enable proactive and systematic Multidimensional needs Assessment in the Palliative care initial encounter (MAP). METHODS: A preliminary version of the MAP guide was drafted based on a published literature review, published semistructured interviews with 20 patients, 20 family carers, and 20 palliative care professionals, and a nominal group process with palliative care professionals and a representative of the national patient's association. Consensus regarding its content was obtained through a modified Delphi process involving a panel of palliative care physicians from across Spain. RESULTS: The published systematic literature review and qualitative study resulted in the identification of 55 needs, which were sorted and grouped by the nominal group. Following the Delphi process, the list of needs was reduced to 47, linked to six domains: Clinical history and medical conditions (n = 8), Physical symptoms (n = 17), Functional and cognitive status (n = 4), Psycho-emotional symptoms (n = 5), Social issues (n = 8), and Spiritual and existential concerns (n = 5). CONCLUSION: MAP is an expert panel-endorsed semi-structured clinical interview guide for the comprehensive, systematic, and proactive initial assessment to efficiently assess multiple domains while adjusting to the needs of each patient. A future study will assess the feasibility of using the MAP guide within the timeframe of the palliative care initial encounter.

Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Management of Episodic Dyspnea in Advanced Lung Cancer Outpatients: A Multicenter Nationwide Study-The INSPIRA-DOS Study.

Background: Episodic dyspnea (ED) is a common problem in patients with advanced lung cancer (LC). However, the prevalence of ED and other related aspects in this patient population is not known. Objectives: To assess and describe the prevalence, clinical features, treatment, and risk factors for ED in outpatients with advanced LC. Design: Multicenter cross-sectional study. Subjects: Consecutive sample of adult outpatients with advanced LC. Measurements: We assessed background dyspnea (BD), the characteristics, triggers, and management of ED. Potential ED risk factors were assessed through multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 366 patients were surveyed. Overall, the prevalence of ED was 31.9% (90% in patients reporting BD). Patients reported a median of one episode per day (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-2), with a median intensity of 7/10 (IQR: 5-8.25). ED triggers were identified in 89.9% of patients. ED was significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.011), pulmonary vascular disease (p = 0.003), cachexia (p = 0.002), and palliative care (p < 0.001). Continuous oxygen use was associated with higher risk of ED (odds ratio: 9.89; p < 0.001). Opioids were used by 44% patients with ED. Conclusions: ED is highly prevalent and severe in outpatients with advanced LC experiencing BD. The association between intrathoracic comorbidities and oxygen therapy points to alveolar oxygen exchange failure having a potential etiopathogenic role in ED in this population. Further studies are needed to better characterize ED in LC to better inform treatments and trial protocols.

Episodic breathlessness in patients with cancer: definition, terminology, clinical features - integrative systematic review.

PURPOSE: Breatlessness flares directly impair quality of life of patients with cancer. The aim of this review was to analyse and synthesise the available information related to its terminology, definition and clinical features in patients with cancer. METHODS: Integrative systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE PubMed, CINAHLPlus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials CENTRAL, Scopus and OpenAire. RESULTS: Data from 1065 patients with cancer included in 12 studies were analysed. The preferred term for breathlessness flares was episodic dyspnoea (ED). The reported frequency of ED was 20.4% (70.9% in patients reporting background dyspnoea (BD)). ED intensity was moderate to severe with short duration (<10 min) in >80% of patients. The most common trigger was exertion (>90%) followed by emotional or environmental factors. ED management consisted mainly of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review shows that ED is common in patients with cancer, especially in those with BD. Further studies are urgently needed to better understand this condition and to develop specific therapeutic management. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019126708.

Proactive and systematic multidimensional needs assessment in patients with advanced cancer approaching palliative care: a study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: The benefits of palliative care rely on how healthcare professionals assess patients' needs in the initial encounter/s; crucial to the design of a personalised therapeutic plan. However, there is currently no evidence-based guideline to perform this needs assessment. We aim to design and evaluate a proactive and systematic method for the needs assessment using quality guidelines for developing complex interventions. This will involve patients, their relatives and healthcare professionals in all phases of the study and its communication to offer clinical practice a reliable approach to address the palliative needs of patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: To design and assess the feasibility of an evidence-based, proactive and systematic Multidimensional needs Assessment in Palliative care (MAP) as a semistructured clinical interview guide for initial palliative care encounter/s in patients with advanced cancer. This is a two-phase multisite project conducted over 36 months between May 2019 and May 2022. Phase I includes a systematic review, discussions with stakeholders and Delphi consensus. The evidence gathered from phase I will be the basis for the initial versions of the MAP, then submitted to Delphi consensus to develop a preliminary guide of the MAP for the training of clinicians in the feasibility phase. Phase II is a mixed-methods multicenter feasibility study that will assess the MAP's acceptability, participation, practicality, adaptation and implementation. A nested qualitative study will purposively sample a subset of participants to add preliminary clues about the benefits and barriers of the MAP. The evidence gathered from phase II will build a MAP user guide and educational programme for use in clinical practice. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval for this study has been granted by the university research ethics committee where the study will be carried out (approval reference MED-2018-10). Dissemination will be informed by the results obtained and communication will occur throughout.

Paraplejia en paciente con esquizofrenia / Paraplegia in a patient with schizophrenia

Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer, con antecedente de esquizofrenia paranoide crónica, en tratamiento con diversos antipsicóticos, con fragilidad familiar importante, que consulta a urgencias por paraplejia de días de evolución, siendo finalmente diagnosticada de una compresión medular por neoplasia de pulmón avanzada. Al presentar este caso queremos destacar la importancia en la detección precoz de necesidades y de factores de complejidad para optimizar el abordaje e interrelación de recursos de la comunidad durante el proceso de enfermedad

We report the case of a woman with a history of chronic paranoid schizophrenia on treatment with various antipsychotic drugs and with signifi cant family fragility who presented at the emergency room with paraplegia for the past few days. She was finally diagnosed with spinal cord compression due to advanced lung cancer. In this case report we want to highlight the importance of early identification as regards needs and complexity factors in order to optimize the multidisciplinary approach and resource interrelationships during the disease process

Palliative care in patients with haematological neoplasms: An integrative systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care was originally intended for patients with non-haematological neoplasms and relatively few studies have assessed palliative care in patients with haematological malignancies. AIM: To assess palliative care interventions in managing haematological malignancies patients treated by onco-haematology departments. DESIGN: Integrative systematic review with data extraction and narrative synthesis (PROSPERO #: CRD42016036240). DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus and Web-of-Science were searched for articles published through 30 June 2015. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) published in English or Spanish and (2) containing data on palliative care interventions in adults with haematological malignancies. RESULTS: The search yielded 418 articles; 99 met the inclusion criteria. Six themes were identified: (1) end-of-life care, (2) the relationship between onco-haematology and palliative care departments and referral characteristics, (3) clinical characteristics, (4) experience of patients/families, (5) home care and (6) other themes grouped together as 'miscellany'. Our findings indicate that palliative care is often limited to the end-of-life phase, with late referral to palliative care. The symptom burden in haematological malignancies patients is more than the burden in non-haematological neoplasms patients. Patients and families are generally satisfied with palliative care. Home care is seldom used. Tools to predict survival in this patient population are lacking. CONCLUSION: Despite a growing interest in palliative care for haematological malignancies patients, the evidence base needs to be strengthened to expand our knowledge about palliative care in this patient group. The results of this review support the need to develop closer cooperation and communication between the palliative care and onco-haematology departments to improve patient care.

Cuidados paliativos en hematología clínica: experiencia de una consulta integrativa en pacientes con mieloma múltiple / Palliative care in clinical haematology: Experience of an integrative outpatient clinic in patients with multiple myeloma

OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia tras el primer año de funcionamiento de una consulta integrativa de cuidados paliativos en pacientes con mieloma múltiple. Materiales y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes visitados por primera vez en la consulta de cuidados paliativos en pacientes con mieloma múltiple. Durante la primera y las 3 siguientes visitas se evaluaron: dolor, anorexia, estreñimiento, insomnio, náuseas y vómitos, disnea, ansiedad y tristeza; mediante una escala visual numérica [0-10]. Se calculó la carga sintomática de los síntomas físicos y emocionales mediante el sumatorio de las puntuaciones de sus escalas visuales numéricas. La intensidad del dolor y su interferencia se evaluó mediante la versión española del Brief Pain Inventory modificada ad hoc. RESULTADOS: De febrero a diciembre 2013, se visitaron 67 pacientes (mediana desde el diagnóstico 355 días), y tras 3 visitas de seguimiento (mediana 60 días) la proporción de pacientes con dolor moderado-severo (escala visual numérica≥5) se redujo para el «dolor máximo» (57 vs.18%; p < 0,0001) y el «dolor promedio» (24 vs.2%; p < 0,0001). La proporción de pacientes sin interferencia por el dolor mejoró: actividad general (52 vs.82%; p = 0,0001), sueño (73 vs.91%; p = 0,01), estado de ánimo (52 vs.87,5%; p = 0,0001). La carga sintomática física y emocional, y la proporción de pacientes deprimidos (13 vs.5%; p = 0,001) mejoraron. CONCLUSIONES: La integración de los cuidados paliativos en la atención de los pacientes con mieloma múltiple no solo es posible, sino que mejora de forma significativa los síntomas emocionales y físicos

AIM: To describe the experience after the first year of operation of an integrative palliative care clinic for patients with multiple myeloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records were reviewed of patients seen for the first time in the integrative palliative care clinic for patients with multiple myeloma. During the first, and the next 3 visits, pain, anorexia, constipation, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, dyspnoea, anxiety, and sadness were evaluated using a visual numeric scale [0-10]. The symptomatic burden of physical and emotional symptoms was calculated by summing the scores of their visual numeric scale. The pain intensity and its interference were assessed using the Spanish version of the Brief Pain Inventory modified ad hoc. RESULTS: From February to December 2013, 67 patients (median 355 days from diagnosis) were seen, and after 3 follow up visits (median 60 days from the first visit) the proportion of patients with moderate-severe pain (visual numeric scale ≥ 5) was reduced for 'worst pain' (57% vs.18%; P < .0001) and 'average pain' (24% vs.2%; P < .0001). The proportion of patients without interference from pain improved in, general activity (52% vs.82%; P=.0001), sleep (73% vs.91%; P =.01), and mood (52% vs.87.5%; P = .0001). There was also improvement in the physical and emotional symptom burden, and the proportion of depressed patients (13% vs.5%; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The integration of palliative care in the care of patients with multiple myeloma is not only possible, but also significantly improves the emotional and physical symptoms

Is Early Palliative Care Feasible in Patients With Multiple Myeloma?

CONTEXT: Evidence for the benefits of early palliative care (EPC) in patients with solid tumors is strong, but EPC has received scant attention in hematologic malignancies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefits of outpatient-based EPC for symptom control in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients attending the Multiple Myeloma Palliative Care Clinic at our hospital in the year 2013 (February 1-December 31). The following symptoms were assessed at baseline and at three follow-up consultations using a Numerical Visual Scale (0 = no symptoms; 10 = worst possible): pain, anorexia, constipation, insomnia, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, anxiety, and sadness. Physical and emotional symptom burden scores were calculated. Pain interference with general activity, sleep, and mood was also evaluated. RESULTS: About 67 patients were included. The proportion of patients reporting moderate-to-severe pain (Numerical Visual Scale ≥5) decreased significantly from baseline to the final follow-up: worst pain decreased from 57% to 18% (P < 0.0001), whereas average pain fell from 24% to 2% (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients reporting no pain interference increased significantly from baseline: general activity (52% vs. 82%; P = 0.0001), sleep (73% vs. 91%; P = 0.01), and mood (52% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.0001). Physical and emotional symptom burden also improved, with significantly fewer patients reporting depression (13% vs. 5%; P = 0.001). Most patients (86.6%) were alive and still attending the Multiple Myeloma Palliative Care Clinic at study end. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that EPC is feasible in patients with multiple myeloma. Pain and other symptoms were well controlled.