Expression regulation of the endochitinase-encoding gene sechi44 from the mycoparasite Stachybotrys elegans.

The regulation of the gene encoding the extracellular chitinase sechi44 produced by the mycoparasite Stachybotrys elegans was studied using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Alteration of sechi44 expression was observed when S. elegans was in interaction with its host, Rhizoctonia solani, and also when the mycoparasite was grown on minimal media amended with different carbon and nitrogen sources. Direct contact with R. solani leading to mycoparasitism significantly up-regulated the expression of sechi44, although the analysis showed that sechi44 was constitutively expressed but at substantially lower levels. In addition, the study of sechi44 over 12 days showed that its expression followed a cyclical pattern with peaks every 2 days, which suggests that this gene has a role not only in mycoparasitism but also in growth. The addition of external carbon sources, such as N-acetylglucosamine, chitin, and R. solani cell wall (simulated mycoparasitism), triggered an increase in the expression of sechi44, which varied with time and carbon source. Among the carbon sources examined, N-acetylglucosamine induced the highest increase in sechi44 transcript levels. The addition of high concentrations of glucose and ammonium triggered a decrease of sechi44 expression, suggesting that sechi44 is subject to glucose and ammonium repression.

Hemodynamic, platelet and clinical responses to prostacyclin in unstable angina pectoris.

The hemodynamic and platelet effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in 27 patients with unstable angina (14 treated patients; 13 control subjects) given a 72-hour infusion (5 ng/kg/min) or placebo. This randomized study was double-blind and conducted as a substudy of a multicenter trial testing the clinical efficacy of PGI2. The clinical and angiographic features were identical in the 2 groups. Blood pressure and heart rate were not modified significantly by PGI2. A recurrence of angina during infusion occurred in 8 treated patients (57.1%) and in 8 control subjects (61.5%). Two patients receiving PGI2 and none in the control group developed a myocardial infarction. Levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable metabolite of PGI2, increased from baseline values (less than 20 pg/ml) to 605 +/- 41 pg/ml during infusion. Levels of fibrinopeptide A, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, thromboxane B2 and the platelet aggregates ratio in blood were similar between the 2 groups before, during and after PGI2 infusion. Prostacyclin reduced ex vivo platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane B2 generation by approximately 50% during the infusion period with return of aggregation to baseline and platelet thromboxane B2 production to above baseline after the discontinuation of PGI2. Thus, despite favorable effects of PGI2 upon platelet aggregation and systemic hemodynamics, the prostanoid failed to improve the clinical evolution of unstable angina.

Influence of fibrinolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on the frequency of ventricular premature complexes.

This study evaluated the aggressive management of acute myocardial infarction to determine how it modifies the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and of other determinants of prognosis during recovery. The population consisted of 344 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction admitted to the hospital with chest pain and ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. Three groups constituted the study population: 168 control patients treated conservatively or in whom fibrinolysis was unsuccessful, 73 patients successfully reperfused with intravenous streptokinase and 103 patients with both successful fibrinolysis and successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the artery responsible for the infarct. Early spontaneous angina occurred in 47 control patients (28%), 25 streptokinase patients, (34%) and, in significantly fewer number, 20 PTCA patients (19%, p less than 0.05). Similarly, exercise-induced ST-segment depression on the predischarge exercise treadmill test was less frequent with PTCA (p less than 0.05). The number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) on a 24-hour Holter recording was 40 +/- 123/hr in the control group and significantly less in the streptokinase (21 +/- 64, p less than 0.05) and PTCA groups (17 +/- 61, p less than 0.05). Three or more VPCs/hr were observed in 50% of the control patients, compared with 29% of the streptokinase and 27% of the PTCA patients (p less than 0.005). Mean radionuclide ejection fraction was greater than 40% and similar in the 3 study groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Departure of children and contraction of the family as observed in the 1971 and 1981 Canadian censuses]. / Depart des enfants et contraction des familles d'apres les recensements canadiens de 1971 et de 1981.

An analysis of data from the 1971 and 1981 Canadian censuses is presented concerning children leaving home. "It is estimated that the timing of children's departure from their family of origin was almost the same in 1981 as in 1971; median age at departure was identical: 20.5 for women and 22.3 for men. Broken families, more numerous than in the past, become contracted earlier than unbroken families; among unbroken families, the contraction phase started earlier in 1981 than in 1971 among large or medium-sized families while it began later among small families." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

A randomized study comparing propranolol and diltiazem in the treatment of unstable angina.

One hundred consecutive patients hospitalized in the coronary care unit for unstable angina, excluding patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina, were randomized within 24 hours of admission to treatment with diltiazem (50 patients) or propranolol (50 patients). Also excluded were patients with previous coronary artery bypass surgery and those receiving a beta-receptor blocking agent at the time of hospital admission. Left ventricular function and the extent of coronary artery disease were similar in the two groups. During the hospital stay, the number of chest pain episodes decreased from a mean (+/- SD) of 0.75 +/- 0.1 per patient per day to 0.26 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.05) with diltiazem and 0.29 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.05) with propranolol therapy. The circadian distribution of chest pain episodes was affected similarly. After 1 month, 14 of the patients treated with diltiazem were symptom-free compared with 13 treated with propranolol. At a mean follow-up time of 5.1 months (range 1 to 15), death had occurred in two patients in each group and myocardial infarction in five diltiazem- and four propranolol-treated patients (difference not significant). Coronary artery bypass surgery had been performed in 21 diltiazem- and 19 propranolol-treated patients (difference not significant). Only 15 patients were symptom-free, 9 treated with diltiazem and 6 with propranolol. This similar result observed with the two forms of treatment suggests that coronary artery spasm may not be the main factor involved in unstable angina when Prinzmetal's variant angina is excluded. It also suggests that diltiazem can be used as an alternative to the usual treatment with beta-receptor blocking drugs.

[Family life cycle in Quebec: comparative views, seventeenth to twentieth centuries]. / Le cycle de la vie familiale au Quebec: vues comparatives, XVIIe-XXe siecles

A comparison of the family life cycle in Quebec at the end of the seventeenth century and in the middle of the twentieth century is presented. "For both periods, calculations of comparative indices were carried out in the absence of mortality and divorce. This allows the emphasizing of the outstanding features of the family life cycle....In particular, the considerable reduction in the duration of the extensive phase [is noted; this] is linked to the significant drop in fertility, and the emerging of a long phase of stabilization during which the parents are responsible for all their children. Finally, an examination of the proportion of undissolved families at each stage clearly shows the dramatic impact of mortality on family life in the past." (summary in ENG, SPA)

[Suicide and age in Quebec: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis]. / Le suicide et l'age au Quebec: analyse transversale et longitudinale

PIP: Recent trends in mortality from suicide in the province of Quebec, Canada, are analyzed. It is noted that mortality from this cause has increased since the early 1960s and that this rise is the highest among all Canadian provinces. A particular increase in suicide among younger people is noted; furthermore, suicide seems to be increasing with each successive generation. The causes of these increases are discussed. (summary in ENG, SPA)^ieng