Correction to: Intra-Arterial Transplantation of Low-Dose Stem Cells Provides Functional Recovery Without Adverse Effects After Stroke.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in affiliation of Yuhtaka Fukuda.

Intra-arterial transplantation of low-dose stem cells provides functional recovery without adverse effects after stroke.

Cell transplantation therapy for cerebral infarction has emerged as a promising treatment to reduce brain damage and enhance functional recovery. We previously reported that intra-arterial delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enables superselective cell administration to the infarct area and results in significant functional recovery after ischemic stroke in a rat model. However, to reduce the risk of embolism caused by the transplanted cells, an optimal cell number should be determined. At 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, we administered human MSCs (low dose: 1 × 10(4) cells; high dose: 1 × 10(6) cells) and then assessed functional recovery, inflammatory responses, cell distribution, and mortality. Rats treated with high- or low-dose MSCs showed behavioral recovery. At day 8 post-stroke, microglial activation was suppressed significantly, and interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-12p70 were reduced in both groups. Although high-dose MSCs were more widely distributed in the cortex and striatum of rats, the degree of intravascular cell aggregation and mortality was significantly higher in the high-dose group. In conclusion, selective intra-arterial transplantation of low-dose MSCs has anti-inflammatory effects and reduces the adverse effects of embolic complication, resulting in sufficient functional recovery of the affected brain.

De novo ivy sign indicates postoperative hyperperfusion in moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI is a specific finding in moyamoya disease (MMD). This sign indicates decreased cerebral perfusion, dilated pial vasculature, and slow leptomeningeal collateral flow. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of perioperative changes in the ivy sign in relation to cerebral hyperperfusion, which frequently occurs in MMD of unknown pathogenesis. METHODS: This prospective study included patients with MMD who underwent superior temporal artery-middle cerebral artery single bypass. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI was performed to evaluate the appearance of the ivy sign in the ipsilateral hemisphere preoperatively and on postoperative days 2 and 30. The ivy sign was assessed in combination with perioperative symptoms and cerebral hemodynamics using single-photon emission computed tomography. RESULTS: Of 42 consecutive patients (55 sides) who underwent bypass surgery, 32 (58.2%) showed an increase in the ivy sign (de novo ivy sign) on postoperative day 2; this had disappeared by day 30. Interestingly, these 32 patients had a significantly higher incidence of hyperperfusion on single-photon emission computed tomography and hyperperfusion syndrome, and there was no correlation between the de novo ivy sign and a preoperative ivy sign or the preoperative cerebral hemodynamics. In multivariate analysis, a de novo ivy sign was significantly correlated with postoperative hyperperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: In MMD, a de novo ivy sign could indicate postoperative hyperperfusion after bypass, which is not always correlated with preoperative hemodynamic impairment. Additional factors other than preoperative cerebral hemodynamics might be involved in postoperative hyperperfusion in MMD.

[Dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome--a case report].

UNLABELLED: The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is defined congenital anomalies and is characterized by postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, specific facial characteristics, broad thumbs and big toes, and mental retardation. RTS displays an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and is typically caused by cAMP response element-binding (CREB)-binding protein deficiency. Various complications such as eye anomalies and a variety of congenital heart defects are reported in such cases. We treated an RTS patient who had a dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. The patient was a 44-year-old man who was brought to our hospital because of sudden left hemiplegia. Magnetic resonance images showed a cerebral infarction caused by anterior cerebral artery dissection. Coil embolization was performed on enlargement of the dissecting aneurysm, and the procedure was successful. CONCLUSION: RTS may be accompanied by cerebrovascular disease.