Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Cranianas/secundário , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Simulation is effective at improving healthcare students' knowledge and communication. Despite increasingly interprofessional approaches to medicine, most studies demonstrate these effects in isolation. We enhanced an existing internal medicine curriculum with immersive interprofessional simulations. For ten months, third-year medical students and senior nursing students were recruited for four, 1-hour simulations. Scenarios included myocardial infarction, pancreatitis/hyperkalemia, upper gastrointestinal bleed, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. After each scenario, experts in medicine, nursing, simulation, and adult learning facilitated a debriefing. Study measures included pre- and post-tests assessing self-efficacy, communication skills, and understanding of each profession's role. Seventy-two medical students and 30 nursing students participated. Self-efficacy communication scores improved for both (medicine, 18.9 ± 3.3 pretest vs 23.7 ± 3.7 post-test; nursing, 19.6 ± 2.7 pretest vs 24.5 ± 2.5 post-test). Both groups showed improvement in "confidence to correct another healthcare provider in a collaborative manner" (Δ = .97 medicine, Δ = 1.2 nursing). Medical students showed the most improvement in "confidence to close the loop in patient care" (Δ = .93). Nursing students showed the most improvement in "confidence to figure out roles" (Δ = 1.1). This study supports the hypothesis that interdisciplinary simulation improves each discipline's self-efficacy communication skills and understanding of each profession's role. Despite many barriers to interprofessional simulation, this model is being sustained.
Assuntos
Estágio Clínico/normas , Medicina Interna/normas , Relações Interprofissionais , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estágio Clínico/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Medicina Interna/educação , Masculino , Simulação de Paciente , Projetos Piloto , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current evaluation tools of medical school courses are limited by the scope of questions asked and may not fully engage the student to think on areas to improve. The authors sought to explore whether a technique to study consumer preferences would elicit specific and prioritized information for course evaluation from medical students. METHODS: Using the nominal group technique (4 sessions), 12 senior medical students prioritized and weighed expectations and topics learned in a 100-hour advanced physical diagnosis course (4-week course; February 2012). Students weighted their top 3 responses (top = 3, middle = 2 and bottom = 1). RESULTS: Before the course, 12 students identified 23 topics they expected to learn; the top 3 were review sensitivity/specificity and high-yield techniques (percentage of total weight, 18.5%), improving diagnosis (13.8%) and reinforce usual and less well-known techniques (13.8%). After the course, students generated 22 topics learned; the top 3 were practice and reinforce advanced maneuvers (25.4%), gaining confidence (22.5%) and learn the evidence (16.9%). The authors observed no differences in the priority of responses before and after the course (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: In a physical diagnosis course, medical students elicited specific and prioritized information using the nominal group technique. The course met student expectations regarding education of the evidence-based physical examination, building skills and confidence on the proper techniques and maneuvers and experiential learning. The novel use for curriculum evaluation may be used to evaluate other courses-especially comprehensive and multicomponent courses.
Assuntos
Currículo/normas , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Exame Físico , Comportamento do Consumidor , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Faculdades de Medicina , Estudantes de MedicinaAssuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico , Dor no Peito/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Troponina/sangue , Dissecção Aórtica/complicações , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/complicações , Biomarcadores/sangue , Tomada de Decisões , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/complicações , Coreia/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/etiologia , Redução de Peso , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/diagnóstico , Resolução de ProblemasAssuntos
Cardiomiopatia Alcoólica/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispneia/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumotórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatia Alcoólica/complicações , Cardiomiopatia Alcoólica/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dispneia/etiologia , Dispneia/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Pneumotórax/terapia , RadiografiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: More than 1,000,000 persons in the United States are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, with 24% unaware of their HIV status. In this study, the authors explored patients' attitudes toward HIV testing in academic medical clinics and investigated the possible impact of the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV screening guidelines. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey study of adult patients in 9 academic internal medicine clinics (response rate 73%). The survey consisted of 76 questions, which assessed demographics, HIV risk factors, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and characteristics of patient-physician interactions. Patient self-reported HIV testing was the main outcome. Bivariate analyses were performed, and variables with a P-value of <0.1 were included in a logistic regression model to determine characteristics most associated with HIV testing. RESULTS: Four hundred forty-three patients completed the survey (response rate 73%) and 61% reported being screened for HIV. Physician recommendation (P < 0.0001), patient's own request (P < 0.0001), African American race (P < 0.0001) better knowledge about HIV (P = 0.0002), agreement with CDC recommendations (P < 0.0001), being comfortable with their doctor (P < 0.0001) and using street drugs (P < 0.0001) were all strongly associated with testing. In logistic regression, the only factors that remained statistically significant predictors of patients self-reported HIV testing were a patient's request for testing (OR: 103.3) and patient's knowledge about HIV (OR: 1.3). CONCLUSION: In this study, patient request was the strongest predictor for HIV screening and majority of patients accepted the idea of HIV testing in congruence with the CDC recommendations. Therefore, simple waiting room prompts and public education campaigns may represent the most efficient interventions to increase HIV testing rate.