Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Doenças Hematológicas/induzido quimicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Criança , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Corpos de Heinz/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Chumbo/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/intoxicação , Óxidos de Enxofre/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
Red blood cell activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, two key enzymes responsible for the control of the concentrations of activated oxygen species, were approximately two-fold higher in residents of Vila Parisi (Cubatão, Brazil)--a higher polluted neighborhood--than in a population sample from São Paulo City. The catalase levels were the same in both samples. A concurrent high concentration of methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia was encountered in the blood of Vila Parisi residents. These data raise the possibility that the increased rate of oxyhemoglobin oxidation yielding O-.2 and H2O2 may be relevant to mutagenesis induced by HO. radicals.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Catalase/sangue , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Metemoglobinemia/epidemiologia , Peroxidases/sangue , Sulfemoglobinemia/epidemiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metemoglobinemia/sangue , Metemoglobinemia/induzido quimicamente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Sulfemoglobinemia/sangue , Sulfemoglobinemia/induzido quimicamenteAssuntos
Adaptação Biológica , Evolução Biológica , Drosophila , Animais , Cromossomos , Feminino , Genética Populacional , Homozigoto , Masculino , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
We describe allelic variation at 28 gene loci in natural populations of D. willistoni. Seventy samples were studied from localities extending from Mexico and Florida, through Central America, the West Indies, and tropical South America, down to South Brazil. At least several hundred, and often several thousand, genomes were sampled for each locus. We have discovered a great deal of genetic variation. On the average, 58% loci are polymorphic in a given population. (A locus is considered polymorphic when the frequency of the most common allele is no greater than 0.95). An individual fly is heterozygous, on the average, at 18.4% loci.-Concerning the pattern of the variation, the most remarkable finding is the similarity of the configuration of allelic frequencies from locality to locality throughout the distribution of the species. Our observations support the conclusion that balancing natural selection is the major factor responsible for the considerable genetic variation observed in D. willistoni.
Assuntos
Drosophila/enzimologia , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Alelos , Animais , Evolução Biológica , América Central , Eletroforese Descontínua , Feminino , Florida , Frequência do Gene , Heterozigoto , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , México , Polimorfismo Genético , América do SulAssuntos
Adaptação Biológica , Cromossomos , Seleção Genética , Animais , Drosophila , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Genética Populacional , Masculino , TemperaturaRESUMO
We have studied by gel electrophoresis the variability of 14 structural genes in four sibling species, Drosophila willistoni, D. paulistorum, D. equinoxialis, and D. tropicalis. Samples of about 30 populations from different parts of the distribution areas of each species were examined. Genetic variants are found at every locus; 67% of the loci are polymorphic, having two or more alleles, the rarer of which has a frequency of 5% or higher. The gene frequencies are fairly uniform over the distribution area of each species, but considerably different in different species. It is estimated that individuals which belong to the different species differ on the average in somewhat more than one half of their gene loci. The morphological similarity of the four sibling species contrasts with the extensive diversity in their genetic materials.
