RESUMO
Early interactions between blood-stage Plasmodium parasites and cells of the innate immune system are very important in shaping the adaptive immune response to malaria, and a number of studies have suggested that DC are responsible for this phenomenon. Therefore, we examined the capacity of murine BM-derived DC to internalize parasites, be activated and produce cytokines upon in vitro interaction with murine erythrocytes infected with two different strains of rodent malaria parasites (Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi). We show that the increased expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules and increased production of cytokines by DC following Plasmodium infection involves internalization of infected RBC. Such DC activation not only requires direct cell-to-cell contact and internalization of infected RBC by DC but also involves TLR4, TLR9, MyD88 and signaling via NF-kappaB; however, TLR involvement in survival to Plasmodium infection was found to be negligible.
Assuntos
Comunicação Celular/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Eritrócitos/parasitologia , Fagocitose/imunologia , Plasmodium berghei/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plasmodium chabaudi/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular/fisiologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/ultraestrutura , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Eritrócitos/citologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/fisiologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/fisiologia , Receptor Toll-Like 9/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 9/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Salivary gland-type carcinomas arising in Bartholin's gland are rare neoplasms. We report the case of a 75-year-old female who presented with a vulvar tumor with morphological and immunophenotypical features identical to those of salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinomas. We believe that the tumor was most likely of Bartholin's gland origin, although no Bartholin's gland tissue was found adjacent to the neoplasm. This type of malignancy with myoepithelial differentiation has not been previously reported to arise in the Bartholin's gland.
