Association of IL-1ß +3954 G>A and IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphisms in congenital toxoplasmosis / Asociación de polimorfismos de IL-1ß +3954 G>A e IL-6-174 G/C en la toxoplasmosis congénita

Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, that has the capacity to infect all warm-blooded animals worldwide. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the distribution of genotypes and alleles in miscarriages woman as a result of Toxoplasma gondii infection associated with interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 polymorphisms. A total of 125 miscarriage women suspected of toxoplasma infection and 50 healthy pregnant without previous miscarriage as control were enrolled in this study. The cases were screened for anti-toxoplasma IgM and IgG by ELISA test. Among the 125 miscarriage women, only 50 were positive to anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. The present study focused on assay the genotypes at IL-6 -174 G/C and IL-1β +3954 G>A to establish the associations between genetic polymorphisms and infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Results showed that the altered IL-1β GA, AA genotypes were high significant elevated in miscarriage women with toxoplasmosis (P=0.03), OR = 10 and 95 percent confidence intervals (1.32-81.48); (P=0.0007), OR = 0.07 and 95 percent confidence interval (0.01-0.32). The genotype GC at IL-6 (G/C) appears to be highly correlated with infection (P=0.01); OR = 3.18 and 95 percent confidence interval, (1.22- 8.30). In terms of allelic heterogeneity, C alleles were significantly more common in infected than uninfected cases for IL-6, while A allele is common in IL-1β single nucleotide polymorphisms (P =0.050). Furthermore, this study demonstrates that there is a strong and highly significant association between two forms of single nucleotide polymorphisms and the increased risk for toxoplasmosis. Genotypes of these polymorphism should be considered when evaluating genetic effects on toxoplasmosis incidence. However, to improve the prediction of this disease predisposition, a further study based on a larger cohort of patients is warranted(AU)

La toxoplasmosis es causada por la infección con el parásito protozoario Toxoplasma gondii, que tiene la capacidad de infectar a todos los animales de sangre caliente en todo el mundo. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la distribución de genotipos y alelos en mujeres con abortos espontáneos como resultado de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii asociada con polimorfismos de interleucina 1β e interleucina 6. Se inscribieron en este estudio un total de 125 mujeres con aborto espontáneo sospechosas de infección por toxoplasma y 50 embarazadas sanas, sin aborto espontáneo previo, como control. Los casos se examinaron para detectar IgM e IgG anti-toxoplasma mediante la prueba ELISA. Entre las 125 mujeres que sufrieron un aborto espontáneo, solo 50 fueron positivas a anticuerpos IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii. El presente estudio se centró en analizar los genotipos de IL-6-174 G/C e IL-1β +3954 G>A para establecer las asociaciones entre polimorfismos genéticos e infección por Toxoplasma gondii. Los resultados mostraron que los genotipos alterados de IL-1β GA, AA fueron significativamente elevados en mujeres con aborto espontáneo con toxoplasmosis (P = 0,03), OR = 10 e intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (1,32-81,48); (P = 0,0007), OR = 0,07 e intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento (0,01-0,32). El genotipo GC de IL-6 (G/C) parece estar altamente correlacionado con la infección (P = 0.01); OR = 3,18 e intervalo de confianza del 95%, (1,22- 8,30). En términos de heterogeneidad alélica, los alelos C fueron significativamente más comunes en los casos infectados que en los no infectados para la IL-6, mientras que el alelo A es común en los polimorfismos de nucleótido simple de IL-1β (P = 0.050). Además, este estudio demuestra que existe una asociación fuerte y altamente significativa entre dos formas de polimorfismos nucleótido simple y el mayor riesgo de toxoplasmosis. Se deben considerar los genotipos de estos polimorfismos al evaluar los efectos genéticos sobre la incidencia de la toxoplasmosis. Sin embargo, para mejorar la predicción de esta predisposición a la enfermedad, se justifica un estudio adicional basado en una cohorte más grande de pacientes(AU)

Gene expression of two innate cytokines in a miscarriage toxoplasmosis woman.

Toxoplasma gondii infections are endemic in Iraq and represent serious problems. Human toxoplasmosis can be associated with serious clinical manifestations, particularly in developing fetus. This study was aimed to determine the distribution of genotypes and alleles, residing within interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) polymorphisms, among fetuses and neonates, congenitally infected with Toxoplasma gondii, and among uninfected control cases. Blood samples were collected from 125 aborted women with a history of single or recurrent miscarriage, in addition to fifty normal healthy control women. Molecular identification of the parasite was performed by detecting Toxoplasma B1 gene using real-time qPCR technique. IL-6 and IL-1ß gene expression was assayed in each case-study samples by using RT-PCR. T. gondii was detected in recurrent toxoplasmosis aborted women at percent (16%). IL-1ß and IL-6 gene expression was significantly increased in toxoplasmosis women compared with healthy control women. Fold expression of IL-1ß was 9.5 in toxoplasmosis patients compared with one fold in healthy control. IL-1ß and IL-6 over-expression was correlated to the high-risk toxoplasmosis infection and could be a biomarker for prognosis of the disease.

Efficiency of molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii contrasting to serological method.

Toxoplasmosis infection of the mother during pregnancy is linked to transplacental transmission to the fetus. Toxoplasma gondii infection is difficult to diagnose and necessitates a comprehensive examination that includes laboratory and clinical testing. This study used RT-PCR using B1 gene based on paired blood samples and clinical data, for the detection of Toxoplasma infections in miscarriage women, this technique was compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There are a total of 125 miscarriage women at Al-Muthanna Hospital. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, IgG (latent infection) and IgM (recently acquired infection), were positive in 50/125 cases, with 25.6% IgG, 8.8% IgM, and 5.6% for IgM and IgG. In addition, women who have had two miscarriages have a high seropositivity rate. Furthermore, the development of molecular technologies to amplify parasite nucleic acids has enhanced toxoplasmosis diagnosis. The cycle threshold values Ct, which indicate the target gene's quantity, were calculated. With DNA from 500 T. gondii tachyzoites, a Ct of 25-28 was usually obtained. Present results show that the assay's reproducibility was found in 50 which considered (40%) from total miscarriage women of ELISA positive samples while 28/125 samples (22.4%) will positively in molecular detection and 56% from serological test was positive in molecular test. A move forward was the invention of diagnostic methods that used ELISA IgG and IgM followed by an RT-PCR methods in women were the most effective in detecting recent and reactive Toxoplasma gondii infection.