Associations between spontaneous preterm birth and maternal-newborn ABO blood phenotype pairs.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) is associated with maternal-newborn ABO blood phenotype pairs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in the Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 631 live singleton SPBs (less than 37 weeks) between August 2005 and May 2011 formed the case group. A total of 2,204 live singleton term births (greater than or equal to 37 weeks) between May 2008 and April 2009 formed the control group. We extracted data on the mothers and their newborns from our neonatal electronic database and delivery room log book. We extracted ABO blood phenotypes using Cerner's Lab Information Software. We used a Chi square test to study the association between SPB and maternal-newborn ABO pairs. We used a combination of maternal-newborn A-A, B-B, AB-AB, and O-O pairs as the reference group. We used a binary logistic regression analysis to adjust for 6 established risk factors for SPB. RESULTS: Spontaneous preterm birth was associated with only maternal-newborn pairs B-A (odds ratio: 2.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-5.24, p=0.003) and AB-B (odds ratio: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-3.74, p=0.04). Both associations remained significant in the regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous preterm birth is associated with maternal-newborn B-A and AB-B pairs. This finding requires further confirmatory and exploratory study as it could reduce SPBs.

Hyperbilirubinemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient male newborns in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of hyperbilirubinemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient male newborns from Al-Ahsa area (Ahsais). METHODS: The medical records of inborn male infants at King Abdulaziz Hospital (KAH) in Al-Ahsa area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from May 2008 through April 2009 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were healthy non-polycythemic G6PD-deficient Ahsai males born at less than or equal to 37 weeks gestation, weighing less than or equal to 2.5 kg, with no other cause of hyperbilirubinemia, and were sampled for a total serum bilirubin (TSB) within the first 48 hours of life. Hyperbilirubinemics were compared with non-hyperbilirubinemic newborns. RESULTS: Among the 93 G6PD-deficient newborns that met the inclusion criteria, 67 were hyperbilirubinemic and required phototherapy, and 13 of them required re-phototherapy. Phototherapy was started at 11 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) hours of life, and for a total duration of 42 +/- 28 hours. Hyperbilirubinemics had statistically significant higher levels of both hematocrit (53 +/- 6 versus 49 +/- 8%, p=0.02) and hemoglobin (176 +/- 18 versus 166 +/- 21 g/L, p=0.04), and lower reticulocyte percentage (4.3 +/- 0.7 versus 5.2 +/- 1.0 %, p=0.02), when compared to non-hyperbilirubinemic newborns. CONCLUSION: Hyperbilirubinemia in G6PD-deficient Ahsai male newborns was characterized by higher levels of both hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, and lower reticulocyte percentage compared to their non-hyperbilirubinemic counterpart. This hyperbilirubinemia required early phototherapy and re-phototherapy. Appropriate follow up should be made available to those high-risk newborns. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanism of hyperbilirubinemia in G6PD-deficient newborns.