La ingesta elevada de sodio disminuye la respuesta antiproteinúrica del bloqueo del eje renina-angiotensina-aldosterona en el trasplante renal / A high sodium intake reduces antiproteinuric response to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in kidney transplant recipients

Antecedentes: La proteinuria postrasplante renal se asocia a una disminución en la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente. Para reducir la proteinuria y mejorar el pronóstico renal se recomienda asociar fármacos bloqueantes del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (RAA). Aunque en los pacientes no trasplantados se ha demostrado que la dieta rica en sal reduce el efecto antiproteinúrico de los IECA y ARA-II, este efecto no se ha estudiado en los trasplantados renales. Objetivo: Valorar la relación entre la ingesta de sodio y el efecto antiproteinúrico de los IECA/ARA-II en los trasplantados renales. Métodos: Seleccionamos a 103 trasplantados tratados con IECA/ARA-II más de 6 meses por proteinuria>1g/día. La proteinuria se analizó al inicio del tratamiento y a los 6 meses. La ingesta de sal se estimó con el cociente urinario sodio/creatinina (uNa/Cr). Resultados: En 46 pacientes (44,7%) la proteinuria disminuyó<1g/día. Un uNa/Cr elevado se relaciona con un menor descenso de la proteinuria (r=−0,251; p=0,011). El porcentaje de reducción de la proteinuria fue significativamente menor en los pacientes en el tercil más alto de uNa/Cr [63,9% (RIC 47,1%); 60,1% (RIC 55,4%); 38,9% (RIC 85,5%); p=0,047]. Un uNa/Cr elevado se relaciona de forma independiente (OR 2,406 por 100 mEq/g; IC 95%: 1,008-5,745; p=0,048) a una respuesta antiproteinúrica<50% tras el bloqueo del eje RAA. Conclusiones: En los trasplantados renales con proteinuria tratados con IECA/ARA-II una ingesta elevada de sal se asocia con un menor descenso de la proteinuria (AU)

Background: Post-transplant proteinuria is associated with lower graft and patient survival. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers are used to reduce proteinuria and improve renal outcome. Although it is known that a high salt intake blunts the antiproteinuric effect of ACEI and ARB drugs in non-transplant patients, this effect has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients. Objective: To analyse the relationship between sodium intake and the antiproteinuric effect of ACEI/ARB drugs in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: We selected 103 kidney transplant recipients receiving ACEI/ARB drugs for more than 6 months due to proteinuria>1 g/day. Proteinuria was analysed at baseline and at 6 months after starting ACEI/ARB treatment. Salt intake was estimated by urinary sodium to creatinine ratio (uNa/Cr). Results: Proteinuria fell to less than 1g/day in 46 patients (44.7%). High uNa/Cr was associated with a smaller proteinuria decrease (r=−0.251, P=.011). The percentage proteinuria reduction was significantly lower in patients in the highest uNa/Cr tertile [63.9% (IQR 47.1%), 60.1% (IQR 55.4%), 38.9% (IQR 85.5%),P=.047]. High uNa/Cr independently relates (OR 2.406 per 100 mEq/g, 95% CI: 1.008-5.745, P=.048) to an antiproteinuric response <50% after renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade. Conclusions: A high salt intake results in a smaller proteinuria decrease in kidney transplant recipients with proteinuria treated with ACEI/ARB drugs (AU)

A high sodium intake reduces antiproteinuric response to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in kidney transplant recipients. / La ingesta elevada de sodio disminuye la respuesta antiproteinúrica del bloqueo del eje renina-angiotensina-aldosterona en el trasplante renal.

BACKGROUND: Post-transplant proteinuria is associated with lower graft and patient survival. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers are used to reduce proteinuria and improve renal outcome. Although it is known that a high salt intake blunts the antiproteinuric effect of ACEI and ARB drugs in non-transplant patients, this effect has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between sodium intake and the antiproteinuric effect of ACEI/ARB drugs in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: We selected 103 kidney transplant recipients receiving ACEI/ARB drugs for more than 6 months due to proteinuria>1 g/day. Proteinuria was analysed at baseline and at 6 months after starting ACEI/ARB treatment. Salt intake was estimated by urinary sodium to creatinine ratio (uNa/Cr). RESULTS: Proteinuria fell to less than 1g/day in 46 patients (44.7%). High uNa/Cr was associated with a smaller proteinuria decrease (r=-0.251, P=.011). The percentage proteinuria reduction was significantly lower in patients in the highest uNa/Cr tertile [63.9% (IQR 47.1%), 60.1% (IQR 55.4%), 38.9% (IQR 85.5%), P=.047]. High uNa/Cr independently relates (OR 2.406 per 100 mEq/g, 95% CI: 1.008-5.745, P=.048) to an antiproteinuric response <50% after renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade. CONCLUSIONS: A high salt intake results in a smaller proteinuria decrease in kidney transplant recipients with proteinuria treated with ACEI/ARB drugs.