Factores psicosociales de riesgo y burnout en policías: un análisis de redes / Psychosocial risks factors and burnout in police officers: a network analysis

El estrés laboral crónico ha sido identificado como uno de los riesgos laborales más importantes que afecta a la salud mental de los agentes de policía. Existen ciertos factores psicosociales que incrementan el estrés laboral en la policía y que, a largo plazo, desencadenan síntomas compatibles con el burnout. En este trabajo se ha utilizado una muestra integrada por 323 policías para valorar la relación que se establece entre los factores psicosociales de riesgo y la probabilidad de experimentar síntomas compatibles con el burnout. Las respuestas de los participantes al MBI-GS y al F-PSICO (versión 4.0) fueron examinadas utilizando análisis de redes. Los resultados muestran que existen redes de factores psicosociales de riesgo más cohesionadas cuando los niveles de cinismo y agotamiento emocional son más elevados. Además, se observa mayor nivel de burnout asociados con una baja autonomía, altas demandas psicológicas, conflictos en el desempeño de rol y un bajo apoyo social percibido. Los resultados son discutidos en términos de su implicación teórica y de su utilidad práctica frente al diseño de entornos de trabajo más saludables, así como frente a la intervención psicológica.(AU)

Chronic work stress has been identified as one of the most important occupational hazards affecting the mental health of police officers. There are certain psychosocial factors that increase job stress in the police and, in the long term, trigger symptoms compatible with burnout. In this work, a sample made up of 323 police officers has been used to assess the relationship established between psychosocial risk factors and the probability of experiencing symptoms compatible with burnout. Participant responses to the MBI-GS and F-PSICO (version 4.0) were examined using network analysis. The results show that there are more cohesive networks of psychosocial risk factors when the levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion are higher. In addition, a higher level of burnout is observed associated with low autonomy, high psychological demands, conflicts in role performance, and low perceived social support. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implication and their practical utility in the design of healthier work environments, as well as in psychological intervention.(AU)

Emotional and behavioral alterations and their relationship with executive functioning in the pediatric population with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy: a comparative study.

Introduction: The pediatric population with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and epilepsy presents behavioral and emotional alterations that hinder their correct developmental maturation as well as their integration in different contexts such as school, family or social. This population shows atypical behavioral and emotional patterns, with difficulties in emotional regulation, understanding of emotions, aggressiveness, or low frustration tolerance. They also present alterations in executive functions, which significantly influence the emotional and behavioral characteristics of this population. Research suggests that epilepsy worsens the emotional, behavioral, and executive functioning status. Objective: To explore differences in behavioral, emotional, and executive functioning profile in individuals with a diagnosis of ASD, epilepsy, and ASD with epilepsy. Method: In this quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study, a total of 170 participants were selected and distributed into three groups: a group of participants with ASD, a group with epilepsy, and a group of participants with ASD and epilepsy. The SENA, BASC-3, and ENFEN tests were administered to verify the behavioral, emotional, and executive functioning profile in the three groups. Results: The results indicate that individuals diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy present greater emotional, behavioral, and executive functioning alterations compared to those who only present ASD or epilepsy. Conclusion: Individuals with ASD and epilepsy present significant alterations in emotional, behavioral, and executive functioning processes, which hinder their adaptation to different contexts, as well as decreasing their quality of life and that of their family.

Results of a day-hospital program for personality disorders. Application of the PID-5 and DSM-5 dimensional model / Los resultados de un programa de hospital de día en los trastornos de la personalidad. La aplicación del modelo PID-5 y del DSM-5

DSM-5 dimensional-hybrid model and PID-5 Personality Inventory might be particularly useful in a day hospital treatment program for personality disorders, while the need for treatment for mixed personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder is such as frequent as for borderline personality disorder. Effective treatment programs in the public health system are required. The study shows the results from the day hospital treatment program for personality disorders implemented at San Juan Hospital in Alicante. The treatment involves an intensive and interdisciplinary program that applies the DSM-5 dimensional model and the PID-5 personality inventory to identify therapeutic needs, with both individual and group therapies with a cognitive-behavioural therapeutic approach. Results support the relevance of therapeutic components regarding this program. Moreover, its effectiveness has been demonstrated in achieving significant changes in symptoms, traits, comorbidity, and psychosocial functioning. It also appears to be efficient not only in reducing the number of visits to the emergency and hospital admissions, but also in ensuring continuity and therapeutic compliance, thus reducing public health costs. (AU)

El modelo híbrido dimensional del DSM-5 y el Inventario de Personalidad PID-5 pueden ser particularmente útiles en un programa de tratamiento de hospital de día para trastornos de la personalidad, cuando la demanda de tratamiento para el trastorno mixto de la personalidad y el trastorno de personalidad no especificado es tan frecuente como para el trastorno límite de la personalidad. Estos trastornos requieren programas de tratamiento eficaces en el sistema de salud pública. Nuestro estudio muestra los resultados del programa de hospital de día para trastornos de la personalidad implementado en el Hospital San Juan de Alicante. Se trata de un programa intensivo e interdisciplinario, que parte del modelo dimensional DSM-5 y el Inventario de Personalidad PID-5 para identificar las necesidades terapéuticas, aplicando terapias individuales y grupales basadas en un enfoque terapéutico cognitivo-conductual. Los resultados apoyan la pertinencia de los componentes terapéuticos del programa. Ha demostrado efectividad para lograr cambios significativos en síntomas, rasgos, comorbilidad y en el funcionamiento psicosocial. También parece ser eficiente no sólo por reducir el número de visitas a servicios de urgencias y estancias hospitalarias, sino también por garantizar la continuidad y el cumplimiento terapéutico, reduciendo así los costes en salud pública. (AU)

Inventario PID-5, perfil dimensional del DSM5 para orientar el diagnóstico y las necesidades terapéuticas en los trastornos de personalidad / The PID -5 Inventory: the dimensional profile of DSM5 to guide diagnosis and therapeutic needs in personality disorders

El Inventario PID-5 de la American Psychiatric Association, evalúa la personalidad y sus trastornos desde el modelo dimensional de rasgos (DSM-5 Sección III), orientando el diagnóstico y las necesidades terapéuticas individuales. Analizamos la utilidad de su aplicación en pacientes derivados a un Hospital de Día para Trastornos de Personalidad (Clústers B y C). En la muestra de 85 sujetos, 51 % son Trastorno Límite (TLP) y 47 % Trastorno de Personalidad No Especificado/Mixto (TPNE/TPM), presentando el 65 % trastornos clínicos comórbidos. Del grupo TLP 89 % son mujeres, 53 % menores de 30 años; en el PID-5 presentan un perfil de mayor gravedad, destacando los Dominios Afecto Negativo y Desinhibición, y las facetas depresión, impulsividad, anhedonia y distraibilidad. Presentan mayor intensidad de síntomas límite (Cuestionario BEST), utilizan menos estrategias de afrontamiento de síntomas y más estrategias de evitación (Cuestionario COPE-28). En el TPNE/TPM, el 58 % son mujeres, 80 % mayores de 30 años, en su perfil del PID-5 destaca afectividad negativa, especialmente la faceta ansiedad. Ambos grupos muestran rasgos límites y evitativos en el screening IPDE. El PID-5 se ha mostrado útil para confirmar diagnósticos específicos (TLP), también para describir el perfil de rasgos y plantear las necesidades terapéuticas concretas tanto en TLP como en TPNE/TPM

The PID-5 Inventory of the American Psychiatric Association evaluates personality and related disorders based on the dimensional trait model (DSM-5 Section III), which guides individual diagnosis and therapeutic needs. We analysed its usefulness as it was applied to patients that had been referred to a Day Hospital for Personality Disorders. In the sample of 85 subjects, 51 % had Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and 47 % had Personality Disorder NOS or Mixed (PD-NOS/MP), 65 % presenting comorbid clinical disorders. Among the BPD group, 89 % were women, 53 % were under 30 years old; they presented a PID-5 profile of greater severity, the Negative Affect and Disinhibition Domains stood out, as well as the facets of depression, impulsivity, anhedonia and distraction. Their borderline symptoms (BEST scale) were of greater intensity, they used fewer symptom coping strategies and more avoidance strategies (COPE-28 inventory). Among the PD-NOS/MP group, 58 % are women, 80 % were aged over 30 years, and negative affectivity, especially anxiety, stood out in their PID-5 profile. Both groups show borderline and avoidant features in the IPDE screening. The PID-5 was useful for confirming specific diagnoses (BPD), for describing the trait profile as well as proposing the specific therapeutic needs of both BPD and PD-NOS/MP patients

Inteligencia emocional y deporte: situación actual del estado de la investigación / Emotional intelligence and sport: current state of research / Inteligência emocional e esporte: situação atual do estado da pesquisa

En este estudio se presenta una revisión del trabajo científico publicado, entre los años 2001 y 2012, sobre deporte e inteligencia emocional para conocer el estado de la cuestión de estas variables. La búsqueda se ha realizado a través de las bases de datos electrónicas, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science y Medline. Una vez seleccionados los artículos, se procedió al análisis de la siguiente información: número de artículos publicados, autores que participan en cada uno de los trabajos, países en los que más se trabaja esta temática, universidades, revistas científicas, metodología, variables relacionadas e instrumentos utilizados (AU)

This study presents a review of published scientific work, from 2001 until 2012, about sport and emotional intelligence in sports to know the state of affairs of these variables. The search was performed through electronic databases, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science and Medline. After selecting the items, we analyzed the most relevant information: number of published articles, authors involved in each work, in which more countries are working this issue, universities, scientific journals, methods, variables and instruments used (AU)

Esse estudo apresenta uma revisão do trabalho cientifico publicado entre os anos 2001 e 2012 sobre esporte e inteligência emocional, com o objetivo de conhecer o estado da questão das variáveis. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada através das bases de dados eletrônicas PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science y Medline. Uma vez selecionados os artigos, foram realizadas as analises das seguintes informações: número de artigos publicados, autores que participaram em cada um dos estudos, países que mias pesquisam sobre o tema, universidade, revistas científicas, metodologia, variáveis relacionadas e instrumentos utilizados (AU)