Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: a delayed pandemic? / Influencia de la infección SARS-CoV-2 sobre enfermedades neurodegenerativas y neuropsiquiátricas: ¿una pandemia demorada?

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has since spread across the world. At present, the virus has infected over 1.7 million people and caused over 100 000 deaths worldwide. Research is currently focused on understanding the acute infection and developing effective treatment strategies. In view of the magnitude of the epidemic, we conducted a speculative review of possible medium- and long-term neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin, based on the available evidence on neurological symptoms of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. DEVELOPMENT: We systematically reviewed the available evidence about the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immediate and lasting effects of the cytokine storm on the central nervous system, and the consequences of neuroinflammation for the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 is a neuroinvasive virus capable of triggering a cytokine storm, with persistent effects in specific populations. Although our hypothesis is highly speculative, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the onset and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin should be regarded as the potential cause of a delayed pandemic that may have a major public health impact in the medium to long term. Cognitive and neuropsychological function should be closely monitored in COVID-19 survivors.

Manifestaciones atípicas en la siderosis superficial del sistema nervioso central / Atypical manifestations in superficial siderosis of the central nervous system

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[Clinical aspects and prognostic factors of intracerebral hemorrhage]. / Aspectos clínicos y factores pronósticos en la hemorragia intracerebral.

INTRODUCTION: Intracerebral hemorrhage represents approximately 20% of all strokes. In spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage the essential etiological factor is arterial hypertension, and the most frequent site the putamen and lobes of the cerebrum (lobar hematoma). The mortality is higher than in cerebral infarct, although the long-term prognosis is similar. DEVELOPMENT: We review the most relevant forms of presentation and clinical findings of intracerebral hemorrhage in adults, which show a combination of symptoms common to all types of hematoma and those symptoms which depend on their site. We also analyse the factors and studies which have sought to recognize variables predicting morbimortality.

Aspectos clínicos y factores pronósticos en la hemorragia intracerebral / Clinical aspects and prognostic factors of intracerebral hemorrhage

Introducción. La hemorragia intracerebral representa aproximadamente el 20 por ciento de todos los ictus. En la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea el factor etiológico esencial es la hipertensión arterial, y su localización preferente es el putamen y los lóbulos cerebrales (hematoma lobular). Presenta una mortalidad más elevada que el infarto cerebral, mientras que el pronóstico funcional a largo plazo es similar. Desarrollo. Se revisan las formas de presentación y las manifestaciones clínicas más relevantes de la hemorragia intracerebral en el adulto, que combina una serie de síntomas comunes a cualquier tipo de hematoma, y aquellos que dependen de su localización. Asimismo, se analizan los factores y estudios que han tratado de reconocer variables predictivas de morbimortalidad (AU)