The Judicial Interpretation of Intimate Partner Homicide in China: An Empirical Analysis of Sentencing Practice Between 2016 and 2021.

In recent years, China has endeavored to implement individualized sentencing for cases of intimate partner homicide (IPH), using both legal and extralegal factors, to protect potential female victims and female defendants. This study examines the factors influencing the sentencing of IPH, utilizing a sample comprising 921 cases from 2016 to 2021 on the China Judgments Online website. The results show that: (1) the legal factor "victim's fault" is the main reason for the leniency of sentencing for female defendants compared to male defendants; and (2) intimate partner relationships between defendants and victims can have a protective effect on sentencing.

Clinical study of left ventricular structure and function in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease before and after enzyme replacement therapy.

AIMS: Cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common manifestation of heart involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD). Conventional cardiac imaging is not sensitive enough to detect early signs of LVH in AFD. It remains uncertain whether enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can prevent LVH progression and improve myocardial function. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in early detection of cardiac involvement in AFD and monitoring the efficacy of agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen consecutive AFD patients and 12 healthy controls underwent standard transthoracic 2D, color Doppler, tissue Doppler echocardiography, and 2D strain analysis. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were measured. Diastolic strain rate (SR) was extracted. Compared to healthy subjects, AFD patients without LVH showed lower levels of GLS (p < 0.001) and SR (p = 0.01), while there was no difference in GCS (p = 0.82). Following treatment, apical circumferential strain (ACS) showed improvement (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: In AFD patients without LVH, there was a decrease in global and segmental LS. Higher plasma Lyso-GL-3 concentrations were associated with elevated ACS values after ERT, indicating that ACS in AFD patients without LVH, albeit normal, is involved in early LV dysfunction.