Co-pyrolysis of chicken feathers and macadamia nut shells, a promising strategy to create nitrogen-enriched electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Global food waste emits substantial quantities of nitrogen to the environment (6.3 Mtons annually), chicken feather (CF) waste is a major contributor to this. Pyrolysis, in particular co-pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich and lignocellulosic waste streams is a promising strategy to improve the extent of pyrolytic nitrogen retention by incorporating nitrogen in its solid biochar structure. As such, this biochar can serve as a precursor for nitrogen-enriched activated carbons for application in supercapacitors. Therefore, this study investigates the co-pyrolysis of CF with macadamia nut shells (MNS) to create nitrogen-rich activated carbons. Co-pyrolysis increased nitrogen retention during pyrolysis from 9 % to 18 % compared to CF mono-pyrolysis, while the porosity was maintained. After removing undesirable inorganic impurities by dilute acid washing, this led to a specific capacitance of 21F/g using a scan rate of 20 mV/s. Finally, cycling stability tests demonstrated good stability with 73 % capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles.

Connecting Higher-Order Topology with the Orbital Hall Effect in Monolayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the 2H structural phase have been recently classified as higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs), protected by C_{3} rotation symmetry. In addition, theoretical calculations show an orbital Hall plateau in the insulating gap of TMDs, characterized by an orbital Chern number. We explore the correlation between these two phenomena in TMD monolayers in two structural phases: the noncentrosymmetric 2H and the centrosymmetric 1T. Using density functional theory, we confirm the characteristics of 2H TMDs and reveal that 1T TMDs are identified by a Z_{4} topological invariant. As a result, when cut along appropriate directions, they host conducting edge states, which cross their bulk energy-band gaps and can transport orbital angular momentum. Our linear response calculations thus indicate that the HOTI phase is accompanied by an orbital Hall effect. Using general symmetry arguments, we establish a connection between the two phenomena with potential implications for orbitronics and spin orbitronics.

Clinical Efficacy of Mouthwashes with Potassium Salts in the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether the home use of mouthwashes containing potassium salts is effective in reducing and controlling dentin hypersensitivity (DH). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021228410). Randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of mouthwashes containing potassium salt for daily household mouthwash for at least four weeks to reduce DH compared with a control mouthwash were selected, with no limitation on year of publication. Electronic research was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library by two independent researchers. One hundred thirty-three articles were obtained, and nine were selected according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The selected studies evaluated DH through tests of sensitivity to tactile and evaporative stimuli and showed that, for the tactile stimulus, there were no baseline differences between groups (p=0.12; mean difference: -0.33; confidence intervals [CI]: -0.73 to 0.08). However, there were significant differences after two weeks of use (p=0.00001; mean difference: 4.67; CI: 4.53 to 4.81), after four weeks (p=0.00001; mean difference: 13.29; CI: 13.03 to 13.55), and after eight weeks (p=0.00001; mean difference: 8.88; CI: 5.73 to 12.02) favoring the experimental group. The results of the evaporative test showed no differences in the baseline assessment between the two groups (p=0.50; mean difference: -0.02; CI: -0.09 to 0.04), but after four weeks (p=0.00001; mean difference: -0.32; CI: -0.44 to -0.20), and eight weeks of use (p=0.00001; mean difference: -0.42; CI: -0.57 to -0.27) there were differences favoring the experimental group. The incidence of side effects showed no differences between the two groups (p=0.89; mean difference: 1.03; CI: 0.67 to 1.58). CONCLUSION: The daily use of mouthwashes containing potassium salt is effective in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity, as a complementary step to brushing at least twice a day for two weeks, four weeks, and up to eight weeks, without presenting side effects.

Disentangling Orbital and Valley Hall Effects in Bilayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

It has been recently shown that monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the 2H structural phase exhibit relatively large orbital Hall conductivity plateaus within their energy band gaps, where their spin Hall conductivities vanish [Canonico et al., Phys. Rev. B 101, 161409 (2020)PRBMDO2469-995010.1103/PhysRevB.101.161409; Bhowal and Satpathy, Phys. Rev. B 102, 035409 (2020)PRBMDO2469-995010.1103/PhysRevB.102.035409]. However, since the valley Hall effect (VHE) in these systems also generates a transverse flow of orbital angular momentum, it becomes experimentally challenging to distinguish between the two effects in these materials. The VHE requires inversion symmetry breaking to occur, which takes place in the TMD monolayers but not in the bilayers. We show that a bilayer of 2H-MoS_{2} is an orbital Hall insulator that exhibits a sizeable orbital Hall effect in the absence of both spin and valley Hall effects. This phase can be characterized by an orbital Chern number that assumes the value C_{L}=2 for the 2H-MoS_{2} bilayer and C_{L}=1 for the monolayer, confirming the topological nature of these orbital-Hall insulator systems. Our results are based on density functional theory and low-energy effective model calculations and strongly suggest that bilayers of TMDs are highly suitable platforms for direct observation of the orbital Hall insulating phase in two-dimensional materials. Implications of our findings for attempts to observe the VHE in TMD bilayers are also discussed.

Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, and Quality of Life Among Latina Breast Cancer Survivors.

This study explores the relationship between spiritual well-being (SWB) (meaning/peace & faith), depression, and quality of life (QOL). Cancer survivors often use their spirituality as a way of coping. Among a sample of 97 Latina breast cancer survivors (LBCS), SWB was assessed with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale, QOL was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), and depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire. Study findings revealed that SWB, specifically the meaning/peace factor, is the main predictor of an increase in QOL and a reduction in depression among LBCS.

[Remote consultation: information for Primary Care physicians]. / Consulta no presencial en tiempos de coronavirus: información para médicos de Atención Primaria.

With the current pandemic, there is now the possibility of using technological tools, such as teleconsultation or remote consultation. In rural or even semi-urban areas, access to medical services may be restricted due to transportation problems. In other places access to the consultations is limited to avoid contagion from the patient or healthcare personnel. This is why technological solutions are used to allow us to monitor our patients remotely, especially in the case of chronic patients, or as a form of triage to potential patients with coronavirus. Unfortunately, this type of system has not been used with the same continuity as in other countries, and very often our health personnel do not know the correct way to carry out a teleconsultation (by phone or video). With this document, an initial guide is presented on how to make a teleconsultation in Primary Care.

Spin and Charge Transport of Multiorbital Quantum Spin Hall Insulators.

The fabrication of bismuthene on top of SiC paved the way for substrate engineering of room temperature quantum spin Hall insulators made of group V atoms. We perform large-scale quantum transport calculations in these two-dimensional (2D) materials to analyze the rich phenomenology that arises from the interplay between topology, disorder, valley, and spin degrees of freedom. For this purpose, we consider a minimal multiorbital real-space tight-binding Hamiltonian and use a Chebyshev polynomial expansion technique. We discuss how the quantum spin Hall states are affected by disorder, sublattice resolved potential, and Rashba spin-orbit coupling. It is also shown that these materials can be driven to a topological Anderson insulator phase by sufficiently strong disorder.

ß-tungsten: a promising metal for spintronics.

Ultrathin films of ß-tungsten provide very promising substrates for applications in spintronics, and the possibility of incorporating them into multilayers extends such expectations. Our calculations indicate that it is viable to deposit a single layer of Mn on two non-equivalent (0 0 1) surfaces of ß-tungsten that have easy axes along orthogonal directions [0 1 0] and [1 0 0], respectively. The ferromagnetic structure of this Mn monolayer adsorbed to either of those surfaces displays a giant in-plane magneto-crystalline anisotropy that exceeds 12 meV per Mn atom. Furthermore, when coated with additional layers of ß-tungsten the magnetization easy axis becomes perpendicular to the planes. We envisage that magnetic multilayers involving mono-crystalline thin films of ß-tungsten oriented along high-symmetry directions offer a very fruitful playground for spintronic applications.

Experiência do adulto jovem com a doença renal crônica emhemodiálise / Living of a young adult with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis

Objetivo: conhecer o cotidiano do adulto jovem com a doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, realizada com oito informantes em um serviço de nefrologia e no domicílio em um município no Sul do Brasil, no período de junho a agosto de 2013. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico, conceitos relacionados aos aspectos culturais de Madelaine Leininger e Clifford Geertz e os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista narrativa, a observação assistemática e o diário de campo. Resultados: os informantes estabeleceram uma nova história, devido à convivência cotidiana com a doença, apresentando modificações nos hábitos alimentares, hídricos, atividades diárias, laborais, lazer e sexual. A dependência de outras pessoas também foi mencionada. As fontes de apoio estiveram presentes nas narrativas. Considerações finais: os adultos jovens nessa condição de adoecimento construíram um novo modo de viver baseado em sua cultura, mantendo normas, valores e crenças.

Objective: to know the experience of a young adult with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis.Methods: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, performed with eight informants in aservice of nephrology, and in a home in a city of south of Brazil, during June to August 2013. Thetheoretical referential concepts of Madelaine Leininger and Clifford Geertz was used, and theinstruments for the data collection were the narrative interview, the systematic observation, and afield diary. Data analysis was by Minayo. Results: the informants established a new history, due tothe everyday living with the disease, presenting changes in the habits of life. Dependence on otherpeople and sources of support such as family, people known or not, health team were mentioned.Final Considerations: young adults in this condition of illness built a new way of living, which isbased on their culture, keeping rules, values and beliefs.

Relação entre estresse e habilidades sociais em docentes do ensino superior do estado da Bahia / Relationship between stress and social skills in professors in the state of Bahia / Relación entre estrés y habilidades sociales en los docentes universitarios del estado de Bahía

Este estudo pretendeu caracterizar o estresse e as habilidades sociais de docentes do ensino superior do Estado da Bahia. Ao lado disso, buscou verificar a relação existente entre esses construtos. Para tanto, aplicou o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp e o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) em 152 docentes do ensino superior de instituições públicas e privadas da Bahia. Os participantes se dedicavam a diferentes áreas e, em sua maioria, pertenciam ao gênero masculino. Trinta e cinco docentes apresentaram quadros característicos das fases de resistência e quase-exaustão. Ao lado disso, evidenciou-se que os sintomas físicos foram os mais presentes, assim como um baixo repertório de habilidades sociais em "autocontrole da agressividade" e "enfrentamento e autoafirmação com risco". Não houve diferenças significativas em habilidades sociais entre os docentes com sintomatologia de estresse e os sem sintomatologia. Dada a relevância da temática e suas implicações, ressalta-se a necessidade de novas investigações.

This study sought to characterize the stress and social skills of professors in higher education in the state of Bahia. We attempted to verify the relationship between these constructs. To do so, it has been applied the Symptoms of Stress Inventory by Lipp and Social Skills Inventory (HSI) in 152 professors in higher education public and private institutions of Bahia. Participants were engaged in different areas and, in most cases, were male. Thirty-five professors showed characteristic frames phases of resistance and near-exhaustion. In addition, it became clear that the physical symptoms were more present, as well as low social skills in "Self-Control Aggression" and "Coping with risk and self-assertion". There were no significant differences in social skills among Professors with symptoms of stress and Professors without symptoms. Given the relevance of this topic and its implications, it is worth highlighting the need for further investigations.

Este estudio trata de caracterizar el estrés y las habilidades sociales de los docentes de la educación superior en el estado de Bahía. Junto a esto, se intentó verificar la relación entre estos constructos. Para ello, se aplicó el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés para Adultos de Lipp y el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales (IHS) en 152 docentes de las instituciones públicas y privadas de educación superior de Bahía. Los participantes se dedicaban a diferentes áreas y, en la mayoría de los casos, pertenecían al género masculino. Treinta y cinco docentes mostraron marcos característicos de las fases de resistencia y agotamiento casi total. Junto a esto, se hizo evidente que los síntomas físicos fueron los más presentes, así como un bajo repertorio de habilidades sociales en "autocontrol de la agresividad" y "enfrentamiento y autoafirmación con riesgo". No hubo diferencias significativas en habilidades sociales entre los docentes con síntomas de estrés y los que no tenían esos síntomas. Dada la relevancia de este tema y sus implicaciones, se destaca la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adultos após cirurgia defêmur ou quadril / Quality of life related to adults health after hip or femur surgery

Objetivo: identificar mudanças ocorridas na avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde(QVRS) de adultos entre o terceiro e sexto mês após cirurgia de fêmur ou quadril. Métodos: abordagemquantitativa, de delineamento longitudinal realizado de junho a novembro de 2013. Aplicadoquestionário de caracterização e o Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Realizadas análises descritivas,teste de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Adotado p=0,05, como nível de significância. Resultados:participaram 24 adultos. Houve redução das médias de pontuação em cinco dos oito domínios do SF-36, representando piora da QVRS no sexto mês. O domínio Aspecto físico foi o mais afetado. As médiasdo domínio Dor foram maiores e estatisticamente significantes para as mulheres (p=0,04), houvemelhora nas médias de Estado geral de saúde (p=0,01) e Aspecto emocional (p=0,05) no sexto mês.Conclusão: há piora da QVRS nos adultos submetidos a cirurgia de fêmur ou quadril nos seis primeirosmeses após cirurgia.

Objective: identifying changes occurred during the evaluation of health-related quality of life(HRQOL) of adults between the third and the sixth month after surgery. Methods: quantitativeapproach, longitudinal design, conducted from June to November 2013. A characterizationquestionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were applied. Descriptive analyses, MannWhitneyand Wilcoxon test were carried out. Significance level p=0.05. Results: 24 adults participated. There was a reduction of average scores in five of the eight domains of the SF-36,representing worsening of HRQOL in the sixth month. The domain Physical aspect was the mostaffected. The averages of Pain domain were higher and statistically significant for women (p=0.04),there was improvement in the general health status (p=0.01) and Emotional aspect (p=0,05) in thesixth month. Conclusion: there is worsening of HRQOL between adults undergoing surgery of hip orfemur during the first six months after discharge the day of surgery.

Flebectasia de la vena yugular interna / Phlebectasia of internal jugular vein

La flebectasia de la vena yugular es una dilatación fusiforme congénita de la vena yugular, blanda y compresible, que aparece durante el esfuerzo o con las maniobras de Valsalva. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente de seis años de edad que acude a Urgencias por una tumoración cervical que aumenta con las maniobras de Valsalva (AU)

Jugular vein phlebectasia is a congenital fusiform dilatation of the jugular vein that appears as a soft, compressible mass in the neck during straining or triggered by the Valsalva maneuver. We report the case of a patient of 6-years-old patient who came to the emergency room for a cervical tumor that increases in size with Valsalva maneuvers (AU)

Interventional Cultural and Language Assistance Program: Associations between Cultural and Linguistic Factors and Satisfaction with Cancer Care.

Addressing language and cultural nuance is required to improve the quality of care among all patients. The tenth version of the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care (CLAS) recommends implementing ongoing assessments to integrate specific actions into measurement and continuous quality improvement activities. To this end, we have created the Interventional Cultural and Language Assistance Program (ICLAP). As part of ICLAP, we conducted a cross-sectional needs assessment survey with 564 consecutive patients receiving outpatient Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging at a comprehensive cancer center in the five most prevalent languages of New York City: English, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and Arabic. The purpose of this study is to describe the language assistance characteristics and needs of a sample of patients receiving care in the cancer center. We examined the relationship between race, ethnicity, birthplace, communication and language assistance characteristics and the satisfaction with the care received. Our results show that race and ethnicity, birthplace, cultural beliefs, language assistance, and communication characteristics were all factors associated with patients' satisfaction with care, illustrating that there is an unmet need among cancer patients to have cultural and linguistic sensitive services.

Workplace Bullying Among Teachers: An Analysis From the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model Perspective.

This paper adopts the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to analyze workplace bullying among teachers. The data used for this research are obtained from the 5th European Working Conditions Survey. Given the objective of this work, a subsample of 261 education employees is collected: 48.7% of these teachers report having experienced workplace bullying (N = 127), while 51.3% indicate not considering themselves as bullied at work (N = 134). In order to test the research model and hypotheses, this study relies on the use of partial least squares (PLS-SEM), a variance-based structural equation modeling method. The study describes a workplace bullying prevalence rate of 4.4% among education employees. This work summarizes an array of outcomes with the aim of proposing, in general, that workplace bullying may be reduced by limiting job demands and increasing job resources.

In situ structural analysis of calcium aluminosilicate glasses under high pressure.

In situ micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the structural evolution of OH(-)-free calcium aluminosilicate glasses, under high pressure and at room temperature. Evaluation was made of the role of the SiO2 concentration in percalcic join systems, for Al/(Al + Si) in the approximate range from 0.9 to 0.2. Under high pressure, the intensity of the main band related to the bending mode of bridging oxygen ([Formula: see text][T-O-T], where T = Si or Al) decreased gradually, suggesting that the bonds were severely altered or even destroyed. In Si-rich glasses, compression induced a transformation of Q (n) species to Q (n-1). In the case of Al-rich glass, the Al in the smallest Q (n) units evolved from tetrahedral to higher-coordinated Al (([5])Al and ([6])Al). Permanent structural changes were observed in samples recovered from the highest pressure of around 15 GPa and, particularly for Si-rich samples, the recovered structure showed an increase of three-membered rings in the Si/Al tetrahedral network.

Workplace bullying among managers: a multifactorial perspective and understanding.

The aim of this paper is to study certain factors that may be determinant in the emergence of workplace bullying among managers-employees with a recognized and privileged position to exercise power-adopting the individual perspective of the subject, the bullied manager. Individual, organizational, and contextual factors integrate the developed global model, and the methodology utilized to accomplish our research objectives is based on the binary logistic regression model. A sample population of 661 managers was obtained from the micro data file of the 5th European Working Conditions Survey-2010 (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions) and utilized to conduct the present research. The results indicate that the chance for a manager to refer to him/herself as bullied increases among women that hold managerial positions and live with children under 15 at home, and among subjects that work at night, on a shift system, suffering from work stress, enjoying little satisfaction from their working conditions, and not perceiving opportunities for promotions in their organizations. The present work summarizes an array of outcomes and proposes, within the usual course of events, that workplace bullying could be reduced if job demands were limited and job resources were increased. The implications of these findings could assist directors/general directors in facilitating, to some extent, good social relationships among managers.

Moderate and severe malnutrition alters proliferation of spleen cells in rats.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown alterations in bone marrow cell proliferation in malnourished rats, during lactation. The objective of this study was to determine in vivo effects of moderate and severe malnutrition on spleen cell proliferation in 21-day-old rat pups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spleen cell proliferation was determined following administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) over a time course of 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Incorporation of BrdUrd was detected using FITC-conjugated anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies and total DNA content was detected and evaluated using propidium iodide using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Proportions of cells in S and G2 /M were reduced in the rats with moderate (MN2(nd) ) and severe (MN3(rd) ) malnutrition. BrdUrd incorporation was lower in both groups of malnourished rat. In cells of MN2nd individuals, length of G1 became shorter, while length of S-phase increased. In contrast, fraction of cells in proliferation was significantly lower in both groups of malnourished rat, with MN3rd group having lowest percentage of cell population growth. In this study, severe malnutrition did not significantly affect duration of phases of the cell cycle, although fractions of proliferating cells were dramatically reduced. CONCLUSION: Moderate malnutrition increased time of cells in DNA synthesis and time of total cell cycle and severe malnutrition reduced growth fraction of spleen cells in malnourished rats during lactation.

Antitumor potential induction and freeradicals production in melanoma cells by BoronNeutronCapture Therapy

Antiproliferative and oxidative damage effects occurring in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in normal fibroblasts and melanoma cell lines were analyzed. Melanoma cells and normal fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of Boronophe- nylalanine and irradiated with thermal neutron flux. The cellular viability and the oxidative stress were determined. BNCT induced free radicals production and proliferative potential inhibition in melanoma cells. Therefore, this therapeutic technique could be considered efficient to inhibit growth of melanoma with minimal effects on normal tissues.

Antitumor potential induction and free radicals production in melanoma cells by Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Antiproliferative and oxidative damage effects occurring in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in normal fibroblasts and melanoma cell lines were analyzed. Melanoma cells and normal fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of Boronophenylalanine and irradiated with thermal neutron flux. The cellular viability and the oxidative stress were determined. BNCT induced free radicals production and proliferative potential inhibition in melanoma cells. Therefore, this therapeutic technique could be considered efficient to inhibit growth of melanoma with minimal effects on normal tissues.