Diagnostic Algorithm to Subclassify Atypical Spitzoid Tumors in Low and High Risk According to Their Methylation Status.

Current diagnostic algorithms are insufficient for the optimal clinical and therapeutic management of cutaneous spitzoid tumors, particularly atypical spitzoid tumors (AST). Therefore, it is crucial to identify new markers that allow for reliable and reproducible diagnostic assessment and can also be used as a predictive tool to anticipate the individual malignant potential of each patient, leading to tailored individual therapy. Using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS), we studied genome-wide methylation profiles of a series of Spitz nevi (SN), spitzoid melanoma (SM), and AST. We established a diagnostic algorithm based on the methylation status of seven cg sites located in TETK4P2 (Tektin 4 Pseudogene 2), MYO1D (Myosin ID), and PMF1-BGLAP (PMF1-BGLAP Readthrough), which allows the distinction between SN and SM but is also capable of subclassifying AST according to their similarity to the methylation levels of Spitz nevi or spitzoid melanoma. Thus, our epigenetic algorithm can predict the risk level of AST and predict its potential clinical outcomes.

Challenges in determining soil moisture and evaporation fluxes using distributed temperature sensing methods.

To protect fragile groundwater-dependent environments of arid zones, it is important to monitor soil moisture and groundwater evaporation. Hence, it is important to assess new methods to quantify these environmental variables. In this work, we propose a new method to determine groundwater evaporation rates by combining the actively heated fiber-optic (AHFO) method with vadose zone modeling, assuming that the evaporation front remains at the soil surface. In our study, the AHFO method yielded estimates of the soil moisture (θ) profile with a spatial resolution of ~6.5 mm and with an error of 0.026 m3 m-3. The numerical model resulted in a slightly different θ profile than that measured, where the largest differences occurred at the soil surface. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses highlighted that a better precision is required when determining the soil hydraulic parameters. To improve the proposed method, the soil heat-vapor-water dynamics should be included and the assumption that the evaporation front remains at the soil surface must be relaxed. Additionally, if the AHFO calibration curve is enhanced, the errors of the estimated θ profile can be reduced and thus, successful estimation of the evaporation rates for a wider range of soil textures can be achieved. The spatial scales measured are an important advantage of the proposed method that should be further explored to improve the analysis presented here.

[Evaluation of the activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils against Entamoeba histolytica antigens]. / Evaluación de la actividad de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos frente a antígenos de cepas patógenas de Entamoeba histolytica.

This paper evaluates the production of superoxide as an indicator of the activity of neutrophils from healthy individuals, stimulated with Entamoeaba histolytica membrane antigens, chemical stimulators and antigens from other parasites. The kinetic nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test was used. No significant differences were observed in the control group as to superoxide production by neutrophils primed with Entamoeba histolytica antigens or Cisticercus cellulosae, Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia lamblia antigens. These results allow us to conclude that Entamoeba histolytica membrane antigens do not induce superoxide production by neutrophils, which contradicts previous statements on suppresed activity of neutrophils after they get in contact with Entamoeaba histolytica antigens.

Entamoeba histolytica: fecal antigen capture immunoassay for the diagnosis of enteric amebiasis by a monoclonal antibody

A amebiase mantem sua importancia epidemiologica em paises subdesenvolvidos onde sua prevalencia a converteu na parasitose de maior morbidade e mortalidade apos malaria e esquistossomose. Em regra, tanto o diagnostico clinico como os levantamentos epidemiologicos assentam na identificacao microscopica de cistos e/ou trofozoitos em extractos fecais. Este procedimento requer pessoal muito bem treinado, e laborioso, e frequentemente fornece resultados contraditorios. Para obviar estas dificuldades, no presente trabalho montamos uma tecnica de diagnostico imunoenzimatico baseado na captura de um antigeno de 96 kDa presente nas fezes de individuos infectados pela E. hystolytica (COPROELISA-Eh). Triplicatas de 117 amostras fecais processadas pelo metodo de concentracao formol eter foram definidas como positivas ou negativas por tres microscopistas especialistas em amebiase...

Riesgo de exposición ocupacional al virus de la hepatitis B en personal de salud venezuelano: estudo multicéntrico / Risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus in Venezuelan health workers: multicenter study

En un estudio multicéntrico fueron recolectadas 970 muestras de suero provenientes de personal trabajador del área de la salud. La presencia de marcadores serológicos del VHB (AgsHB, antisuperficie y anticore total) fue analizada mediante técnica de microELISA. Doscientos cuarenta y siete muestras presentaron uno o más marcadores positivos (27%), siendo el marcador prevalente el antisuperficie cuyo índice de positividad resultó significativo en las diferentes áreas consideradas de menor exposición como medicina interna (24.7%). La proporción de muestras antisuperficie positivas fue además significativamenté superior en el grupo con más de 10 años de labor sanitaria en comparación con la prevalencia demostrada por el grupo con menos de 5 años de servicio (19.1 vs 12.8%). Los grupos considerados con menor riesgo de exposición, contrariamente a lo que podría esperarse, demostraron una prevalencia igual e incluso superior a la demostrada en grupos con exposición contínua o frecuente (17.7 vs 8.6%). Nuestros hallazgos sugieren la permanencia ambiental de carga viral circulante del VHB a nivel intrahospitalario venezuelano