Tissue Motion Annular Displacement Predicts Mortality/Transplant After the Bidirectional Glenn.

BACKGROUND: Quantifying right ventricular function in patients with a systemic right ventricle (RV) is difficult but important for prognosis. Tissue motion annular displacement tracks displacement of the tricuspid annulus toward the apex. We evaluated this measure alongside fractional area change (FAC) on patients with single, RV prior to the bidirectional Glenn procedure. We tested both measures for correlation with outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective measurement of tissue motion annular displacement and FAC was performed on echocardiographic clips obtained prior to the bidirectional Glenn. A chart review included postoperative outcomes and midterm mortality/transplant. Bivariate correlations and Cox proportional hazards models were used for analyses. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with dominant RV underwent the bidirectional Glenn procedure and all had image quality that allowed analysis. The age ranged from 3 to 11 months (median 4 months). Neither tissue motion annular displacement nor FAC correlated with short-term postoperative outcomes. Tissue motion annular displacement was independently predictive of mortality/transplant ( P = .03) in the Cox hazard model. The mean for survivors was 12.4% and for nonsurvivors/transplants was 10.0%. Tissue motion annular displacement intra-observer variability was 2.8% (1.2%-3.5%). Interobserver mean variability was 6.1% (3.3%-8.1%). Fractional area change was not predictive of mortality/transplant. CONCLUSION: Tissue motion annular displacement is an independent predictor of midterm mortality/transplant after the bidirectional Glenn procedure in patients with single, RV, in this study. It may outperform FAC in this regard and has good reproducibility. Tissue motion annular displacement may be a useful measure in identifying high-risk children in this population.

Right Ventricular Longitudinal Shortening Before and After Stage I Surgical Palliation Correlates with Outcomes.

Quantification of right ventricular function is difficult, but important, in patients with single ventricles. Tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD) is an echocardiographic tool that measures displacement of the tricuspid valve relative to the apex. We evaluated TMAD, lateral annular displacement (LAD), and fractional area change (FAC) for correlation with outcomes. We measured TMAD, LAD, FAC, and other variables that may affect prognosis in patients with single right ventricle physiology pre- and post-Stage I palliation and correlated them with outcomes up to the Glenn procedure. Intra- and inter-observer variability for TMAD measurements were 2.7% (1.2-3.5%) and 6.1% (3.3-8.1%), respectively. Sixty-six subjects met the inclusion criteria. Pre-Stage I TMAD was 13.7% (SD 3.9%). TMAD had a linear relationship with FAC (r2 = 0.76). There was a correlation between TMAD and hospital stay (p = 0.044) and ECMO/arrest (p = 0.024). LAD correlated with ECMO/arrest (p = 0.045) and mortality/transplant (p = 0.049). FAC correlated with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.028). Post-Stage I TMAD was 11.8% (SD 3.7%). TMAD, LAD, and FAC all correlated with in-hospital mortality and mortality/transplant. In multivariate models, TMAD was independently predictive of weight for age Z score pre-Glenn. TMAD, FAC, and LAD correlate with clinically significant outcomes after the first-stage palliation. TMAD correlated with more outcomes than FAC and was the only measure that was independently predictive of any outcome. TMAD is a reproducible measure of RV function in this population. TMAD has prognostic value before and after first-stage palliation and may outperform more traditional measures.