RESUMO
Pediatric anesthesia in developing countries is performed in a context of scarcity of personnel and equipment resources, which puts patients at risk of complications and death. The main objective of this study was to determine the complications occurring during the practice of pediatric anesthesia in Butembo. Methods: A descriptive case series of children aged 0 to 17 who benefited from anesthesia at Matanda Hospital and at the University Clinics of Graben was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Studied parameters included socio-demographic, pre, per and postoperative and perioperative mortality data. Results: Pediatric surgery represented 315 patients (7.2 %,) out of 4,367 surgeries of which 200 constituted the study sample. Boys were 60.0 % of the cases. Wounds represented 18.5% of the cases and ASA class 1 69.0 %. Nurse anesthetists conducted 196 (98.0 %) procedures. General anesthesia was the technique used in 75.0 % of cases. Ketamine was used in 68.8 % of the cases. Orotracheal intubation was performed in 10.5 %. Complication rates were 6.0 % at induction, 5.5 % at maintenance and 4.5 % postoperatively. The death rate was 1.5 %. Conclusion: The complication rate after pediatric anesthesia is still high. Capacity reinforcement of providers, improved equipment and availability of anaesthetics are the cornerstone measures to reduce these complications.
Contexte et objectif L'anesthésie pédiatrique dans les pays en voie de développement est pratiquée dans un contexte de pénurie des ressources en personnel comme en matériels, ce qui expose les patients au risque des complications et de décès. L'objectif principal de la présente étude était de déterminer les complications survenant au cours de l'anesthésie pédiatrique à Butembo. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une série descriptive des cas des enfants de 0 à 17 ans ayant bénéficié une anesthésie à l'hôpital Matanda et aux Cliniques Universitaires du Graben du 1ier janvier au 31 Décembre 2020. Les paramètres étudiés comprenaient les données sociodémographiques, les données pré, per et postopératoires et la mortalité périopératoire. Résultats : La chirurgie pédiatrique a concerné 315 patients (7,2 %) de 4367 opérés dont 200 ont constitué l'échantillon. Les garçons ont représenté 60,0 %. Les plaies ont représenté 18,5 % et la classe ASA 1 69,0 %. Les techniciens anesthésistes réanimateurs ont pratiqué 196 anesthésies (98,0 %). L'anesthésie générale a été pratiquée à 75,0 %. La kétamine a été utilisée à 68,8%. Les taux de complications étaient de 6,0% à l'induction, 5,5 % à l'entretien et de 4,5 % en postopératoire. Le taux de mortalité était de 1,5 %. Conclusion : Le taux de complications après anesthésie pédiatrique reste encore élevé. Le renforcement des capacités du personnel, l'amélioration de l'équipement et la disponibilité des anesthésiques sont la pierre angulaire pour réduire ces complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ferimentos e Lesões , AnestesiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Penetrating craniocerebral injuries (PCCI) are types of open head injuries caused by sharp objects or missiles, resulting in communication between the cranial cavity and the external environment. This condition is deemed to be more prevalent in armed conflict regions where both civilians and military are frequently assaulted on the head, but paradoxically their hospital outcomes are under-reported. We aimed to identify factors associated with poor hospital outcomes of patients with PCCI. METHODS: This was a retrospective series of patients admitted at the Regional Hospital of Bukavu, DRC, from 2010 to 2020. We retrieved medical records of patients with PCCI operated in the surgical departments. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to find associations between patients' admission clinico-radiological parameters and hospital outcomes. Poor outcome was defined as a Glasgow Outcomes Score below 4. RESULTS: The prevalence of PCCI was 9.1% (91/858 cases) among admitted TBI patients. More than one-third (36.2%) of patients were admitted with GCS < 13, and 40.6% of them were unstable hemodynamic. Hemiplegia was found in 23.1% on admission. Eight patients had an intracerebral hemorrhage. Among the 69 operated patients, complications, mainly infectious, occurred in half (50.7%) of patients. Poor hospital outcomes were observed in 30.4% and associated with an admission GCS < 13, hemodynamic instability, intracerebral hemorrhage, and hemiplegia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The hospital poor outcomes are observed when patients present with hemodynamic instability, an admission GCS < 13, intracerebral hemorrhage, and hemiplegia. There is a need for optimizing the initial care of patients with PCCI in armed conflict regions.
