RESUMO
The interleukin-6 cytokines, acting via gp130 receptor pathways, play a pivotal role in the reduction of cardiac injury induced by mechanical stress or ischemia and in promoting subsequent adaptive remodeling of the heart. We have now identified the small proline-rich repeat proteins (SPRR) 1A and 2A as downstream targets of gp130 signaling that are strongly induced in cardiomyocytes responding to biomechanical/ischemic stress. Upregulation of SPRR1A and 2A was markedly reduced in the gp130 cardiomyocyte-restricted knockout mice. In cardiomyocytes, MEK1/2 inhibitors prevented SPRR1A upregulation by gp130 cytokines. Furthermore, binding of NF-IL6 (C/EBPbeta) and c-Jun to the SPRR1A promoter was observed after CT-1 stimulation. Histological analysis revealed that SPRR1A induction after mechanical stress of pressure overload was restricted to myocytes surrounding piecemeal necrotic lesions. A similar expression pattern was found in postinfarcted rat hearts. Both in vitro and in vivo ectopic overexpression of SPRR1A protected cardiomyocytes against ischemic injury. Thus, this study identifies SPRR1A as a novel stress-inducible downstream mediator of gp130 cytokines in cardiomyocytes and documents its cardioprotective effect against ischemic stress.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Cardiotônicos/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Proteínas/metabolismo , Adenoviridae/genética , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Western Blotting , Sobrevivência Celular , Proteínas Ricas em Prolina do Estrato Córneo , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Receptor gp130 de Citocina , Corantes Fluorescentes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hidrazinas , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Biológicos , Miocárdio/citologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Aldosterone exerts its effects through interactions with two types of binding sites, the mineralocorticoid (MR) and the glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. Although both receptors are known to be involved in the anti-natriuretic response to aldosterone, the mechanisms of signal transduction leading to modulation of electrolyte transport are not yet fully understood. This study measured the Na(+) and K(+) urinary excretion and the mRNA levels of three known aldosterone-induced transcripts, the serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase (Sgk-1), the alpha subunit of the epithelial Na(+) channel (alphaENaC), and the glucocorticoid-induced-leucine-zipper protein (GILZ) in the whole kidney and in isolated cortical collecting tubules of adrenalectomized rats treated with low doses of aldosterone and/or dexamethasone. The resulting plasma concentrations of both steroids were close to 1 nmol/L. Aldosterone, given with or without dexamethasone, induced anti-natriuresis and kaliuresis, whereas dexamethasone alone did not. GILZ and alphaENaC transcripts were higher after treatment with either or both hormones, whereas the mRNA abundance of Sgk-1 was increased in the cortical collecting tubule by aldosterone but not by dexamethasone. We conclude the increased expression of Sgk-1 in the cortical collecting tubules is a primary event in the early antinatriuretic and kaliuretic responses to physiologic concentrations of aldosterone. Induction of alphaENaC and/or GILZ mRNAs may play a permissive role in the enhancement of the early and/or late responses; these effects may be necessary for a full response but do not by themselves promote early changes in urinary Na(+) and K(+) excretion.