Asociación entre la infestación por el Demodex sp. y el acné vulgar grave. Estudio transversal de 168 pacientes / Association Between Demodex Infestation and Severe Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study of 168 Patients

Antecedentes y objetivos Existen antecedentes de asociación de la infestación por Demodex sp. y el acné vulgar. El objetivo fue evaluar si la infestación por Demodex sp. se asocia a acné vulgar grave en consultas externas del Hospital Regional Lambayeque. Material y métodos Estudio trasversal en 46 pacientes con acné grave y 92 pacientes con acné no grave. Se definió como acné vulgar grave al de los participantes que tuvieron un grado ≥ 3 con la escala de gravedad del acné en español (EGAE). La infestación por Demodex sp. se determinó mediante biopsia cutánea superficial, considerándose infestación si existieron más de 5 ácaros por cm2. Resultados El 60,9% de los participantes fueron del sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 18 años y un rango intercuartílico de 15 a 20 años, provenían del sector urbano (81,9%) y se encontró infestación por Demodex sp. en el 29,7%. En el análisis bivariado, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre acné vulgar grave e infestación por Demodex sp. (p=0,001), sexo (p=0,003), procedencia (p=0,015), antecedente paterno de acné (p=0,045), antecedente materno de acné (p=0,045) y tipo de piel (p<0,001). En el análisis multivariado la infestación por Demodex sp. estuvo 4,2 veces más asociada a acné vulgar grave (IC 95%: 1,6-10,9; p=0,003) ajustado por sexo, procedencia urbana, tratamiento previo, antecedentes paterno y materno de acné vulgar y presencia de piel grasa. Conclusiones La infestación por Demodex sp. se asocia al acné vulgar grave (AU)

Background and objectives Infestation with Demodex mites has been associated with acne vulgaris. The aim of this study was to explore the association between Demodex infestation and severe acne vulgaris in outpatients seen at Hospital Regional Lambayeque in Chiclayo, Peru. Material and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with severe acne and 92 patients with nonsevere acne. Severe acne vulgaris was diagnosed if the score was 3 or more on the Spanish Acne Severity Scale (EGAE, in its Spanish acronym). Demodex infestation was diagnosed when a skin surface biopsy showed more than 5 mites/cm2. Results The patients had a median age of 18 years (interquartile range, 15-20 years), 60.9% were male, 81.9% lived in an urban area, and 29.7% were infested with Demodex mites. In the bivariate analysis, severe acne vulgaris was significantly associated with Demodex infestation (P=.001), sex (P=.003), residence (P=.015), a paternal history of acne (P=.045), a maternal history of acne (P=.045), and type of skin (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for male sex, urban residence, previous treatment, maternal and paternal history of acne vulgaris, and an oily skin type, patients with Demodex infestation were 4.2 times more likely to have severe acne vulgaris (95% CI: 1.6-10.9, P=.003). Conclusion Demodex infestation was associated with severe acne vulgaris in outpatients at our hospital (AU)

[Translated article] Association Between Demodex Infestation and Severe Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study of 168 Patients / Asociación entre la infestación por el Demodex sp. y el acné vulgar grave: estudio transversal de 168 pacientes

Background and objectives Infestation with Demodex mites has been associated with acne vulgaris. The aim of this study was to explore the association between Demodex infestation and severe acne vulgaris in outpatients seen at Hospital Regional Lambayeque in Chiclayo, Peru. Material and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with severe acne and 92 patients with nonsevere acne. Severe acne vulgaris was diagnosed if the score was 3 or more on the Spanish Acne Severity Scale (EGAE, in its Spanish acronym). Demodex infestation was diagnosed when a skin surface biopsy showed more than 5 mites/cm2. Results The patients had a median age of 18 years (interquartile range, 15-20 years), 60.9% were male, 81.9% lived in an urban area, and 29.7% were infested with Demodex mites. In the bivariate analysis, severe acne vulgaris was significantly associated with Demodex infestation (P=.001), sex (P=.003), residence (P=.015), a paternal history of acne (P=.045), a maternal history of acne (P=.045), and type of skin (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for male sex, urban residence, previous treatment, maternal and paternal history of acne vulgaris, and an oily skin type, patients with Demodex infestation were 4.2 times more likely to have severe acne vulgaris (95% CI: 1.6-10.9, P=.003). Conclusion Demodex infestation was associated with severe acne vulgaris in outpatients at our hospital (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos Existen antecedentes de asociación de la infestación por Demodex sp. y el acné vulgar. El objetivo fue evaluar si la infestación por Demodex sp. se asocia a acné vulgar grave en consultas externas del Hospital Regional Lambayeque. Material y métodos Estudio trasversal en 46 pacientes con acné grave y 92 pacientes con acné no grave. Se definió como acné vulgar grave al de los participantes que tuvieron un grado ≥ 3 con la escala de gravedad del acné en español (EGAE). La infestación por Demodex sp. se determinó mediante biopsia cutánea superficial, considerándose infestación si existieron más de 5 ácaros por cm2. Resultados El 60,9% de los participantes fueron del sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 18 años y un rango intercuartílico de 15 a 20 años, provenían del sector urbano (81,9%) y se encontró infestación por Demodex sp. en el 29,7%. En el análisis bivariado, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre acné vulgar grave e infestación por Demodex sp. (p=0,001), sexo (p=0,003), procedencia (p=0,015), antecedente paterno de acné (p=0,045), antecedente materno de acné (p=0,045) y tipo de piel (p<0,001). En el análisis multivariado la infestación por Demodex sp. estuvo 4,2 veces más asociada a acné vulgar grave (IC 95%: 1,6-10,9; p=0,003) ajustado por sexo, procedencia urbana, tratamiento previo, antecedentes paterno y materno de acné vulgar y presencia de piel grasa. Conclusiones La infestación por Demodex sp. se asocia al acné vulgar grave (AU)

Association Between Demodex Infestation and Severe Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study of 168 Patients. / Asociación entre la infestación por el Demodex sp. y el acné vulgar grave. Estudio transversal de 168 pacientes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infestation with Demodex mites has been associated with acne vulgaris. The aim of this study was to explore the association between Demodex infestation and severe acne vulgaris in outpatients seen at Hospital Regional Lambayeque in Chiclayo, Peru. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with severe acne and 92 patients with nonsevere acne. Severe acne vulgaris was diagnosed if the score was 3 or more on the Spanish Acne Severity Scale (EGAE, in its Spanish acronym). Demodex infestation was diagnosed when a skin surface biopsy showed more than 5 mites/cm2. RESULTS: The patients had a median age of 18 years (interquartile range, 15-20 years), 60.9% were male, 81.9% lived in an urban area, and 29.7% were infested with Demodex mites. In the bivariate analysis, severe acne vulgaris was significantly associated with Demodex infestation (P=.001), sex (P=.003), residence (P=.015), a paternal history of acne (P=.045), a maternal history of acne (P=.045), and type of skin (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for male sex, urban residence, previous treatment, maternal and paternal history of acne vulgaris, and an oily skin type, patients with Demodex infestation were 4.2 times more likely to have severe acne vulgaris (95% CI: 1.6-10.9, P=.003). CONCLUSION: Demodex infestation was associated with severe acne vulgaris in outpatients at our hospital.

The 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Peru.

BACKGROUND: Increasing our knowledge of past influenza pandemic patterns in different regions of the world is crucial to guide preparedness plans against future influenza pandemics. Here, we undertook extensive archival collection efforts from three representative cities of Peru-Lima in the central coast, Iquitos in the northeastern Amazon region, Ica in the southern coast-to characterize the temporal, age and geographic patterns of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in this country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed historical documents describing the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Peru and retrieved individual mortality records from local provincial archives for quantitative analysis. We applied seasonal excess mortality models to daily and monthly respiratory mortality rates for 1917-1920 and quantified transmissibility estimates based on the daily growth rate in respiratory deaths. RESULTS: A total of 52,739 individual mortality records were inspected from local provincial archives. We found evidence for an initial mild pandemic wave during July-September 1918 in Lima, identified a synchronized severe pandemic wave of respiratory mortality in all three locations during November 1918-February 1919, and a severe pandemic wave during January 1920-March 1920 in Lima and July-October 1920 in Ica. There was no recrudescent pandemic wave in 1920 in Iquitos. Remarkably, Lima experienced the brunt of the 1918-1920 excess mortality impact during the 1920 recrudescent wave, with all age groups experiencing an increase in all cause excess mortality from 1918-1919 to 1920. Middle age groups experienced the highest excess mortality impact, relative to baseline levels, in the 1918-1919 and 1920 pandemic waves. Cumulative excess mortality rates for the 1918-1920 pandemic period were higher in Iquitos (2.9%) than Lima (1.6%). The mean reproduction number for Lima was estimated in the range 1.3-1.5. CONCLUSIONS: We identified synchronized pandemic waves of intense excess respiratory mortality during November 1918-February 1919 in Lima, Iquitos, Ica, followed by asynchronous recrudescent waves in 1920. Cumulative data from quantitative studies of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Latin American settings have confirmed the high mortality impact associated with this pandemic. Further historical studies in lesser studied regions of Latin America, Africa, and Asia are warranted for a full understanding of the global impact of the 1918 pandemic virus.

Rubella metapopulation dynamics and importance of spatial coupling to the risk of congenital rubella syndrome in Peru.

Rubella is generally a mild childhood disease, but infection during early pregnancy may cause spontaneous abortion or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which may entail a variety of birth defects. Consequently, understanding the age-structured dynamics of this infection has considerable public health value. Vaccination short of the threshold for local elimination of transmission will increase the average age of infection. Accordingly, the classic concern for this infection is the potential for vaccination to increase incidence in individuals of childbearing age. A neglected aspect of rubella dynamics is how age incidence patterns may be moulded by the spatial dynamics inherent to epidemic metapopulations. Here, we use a uniquely detailed dataset from Peru to explore the implications of this for the burden of CRS. Our results show that the risk of CRS may be particularly severe in small remote regions, a prediction at odds with expectations in the endemic situation, and with implications for the outcome of vaccination. This outcome results directly from the metapopulation context: specifically, extinction-re-colonization dynamics are crucial because they allow for significant leakage of susceptible individuals into the older age classes during inter-epidemic periods with the potential to increase CRS risk by as much as fivefold.

Epidemiological and transmissibility analysis of influenza A(H1N1)v in a southern hemisphere setting: Peru.

We present a preliminary analysis of 1,771 confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)v reported in Peru by 17 July including the frequency of the clinical characteristics, the spatial and age distribution of the cases and the estimate of the transmission potential. Age-specific frequency of cases was highest among school age children and young adults, with the lowest frequency of cases among seniors, a pattern that is consistent with reports from other countries. Estimates of the reproduction number lie in the range of 1.2 to 1.7, which is broadly consistent with previous estimates for this pandemic in other regions. Validation of these estimates will be possible as additional data become available.