[Effect of metabolic uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) on the resistance index of renal (IR) Interlobar arteries assessed with pulsed Doppler]. / Efecto del descontrol metabólico de la diabetes mellitus (DM) sobre el índice de resistencia (IR) de las arterias renales interlobares evaluado con Doppler pulsado.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by elevated hyperglycemia, triggering a series of processes and culminating in chronic, uncontrolled, cellular and vascular damage in different organs. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, microalbuminuria, and the time evolution of more than 10 years of diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated resistance index of the interlobar renal arteries assessed with pulsed Doppler in patients with metabolic uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transversal-analytical, observational, prospective study that included diabetic patients attending UMAE abdominal ultrasound in 25 of IMSS, from October 15, 2014 to November 15, 2014, which was performed for pulsed Doppler index resistance of vascular interlobar renal arteries and was collected from electronic medical records: age, sex, glycated hemoglobin, and microalbuminuria. The association between metabolic uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was analyzed with the elevation of resistance index by χ(2) test or Fisher, being significant with a value of p < 0.05, and to assess the magnitude of the association that was measured with a response magnitude of 95%. RESULTS: 63 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined, with an average age of 52.3 ± 14.2 years, 41 were older than 50 years (65.0%), 26 with hypertension (41.2%), 32 with higher levels of glycated hemoglobin 7 (50.8%), 35 with normoalbuminuria (55.6%), 28 with microalbuminuria (44.4%), and 39 with a time evolution of diabetes of more than 10 years (61.9%). We observed a statistically significant difference between microalbuminuria and increased duration of diabetes mellitus with high resistance index. CONCLUSION: The alterations in renal microvasculature conditioned by the occurrence of microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy and the duration of diabetes are strongly associated with higher resistance index.

[Effects of chronic smoking on the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)]. / Efecto del tabaquismo crónico sobre la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS).

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of chronic smoking on peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the superior mesenteric artery, evaluated with pulsed Doppler, determining whether the longer the snuff consumption, the greater the increase in PSV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional study where patients who came to perform abdominal Doppler and had a history of chronic smoking were included. Additional measurements were performed on PSV superior mesenteric artery in 60 patients. Subjects were selected by the non-probability method, taking the total number of patients who presented. Once selected, patients performed pulsed Doppler, and a study and interpretation of these was carried out. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We studied 60 patients with a history of chronic smoking between the ages of 25 to 50 years with a median of 38.6±7.1%; chronicity of smoking was measured in years, with a mean of 17.1±8.4 (range 3-37) and PSV was divided into four ranges in cm/sec. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic smoking significantly increases the PSV of the superior mesenteric artery after 21 years of the onset of smoking.