Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography results three days after a failed pre-cut.

INTRODUCTION: deep cannulation of the common bile duct is essential in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, cannulation is not possible in approximately 20 % of the cases with the usual techniques. Pre-cutting is an alternative that allows cannulation in difficult cases although its success is not guaranteed. Repeating the ERCP within three days of a failed pre-cut is an acceptable option. OBJECTIVE: to determine if an ERCP performed three days after a failed pre-cut papillotomy allows the bile duct to be cannulated without increasing complication rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: patients who underwent an ERCP plus pre-cut were included, in whom the common bile duct could not be cannulated and who also underwent a new ERCP three days after the initial pre-cut. The primary objective was a successful biliary cannulation in the second ERCP and the secondary objective were the complications of the initial pre-cut. RESULTS: forty patients with an average age of 65 years were identified and 57 % were male. The indications for ERCP were choledocholithiasis in 95 %, biliary fistula in 2.5 % and pancreatic neoplasia in 2.5 %. The ERCP was repeated three days later in 92.5 % of the cases and the biliary cannulation was successful in 78.3 %. CONCLUSIONS: a new ERCP performed within three days of a failed pre-cut is justifiable since it has a significant success rate. Bile duct cannulation is achieved in three out of four patients, with an acceptable percentage of complications.

[ERCP success after 72 hours of pre-cut]. / éxito de CPRE 72 horas después de precorte.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the advances of bile duct catheterization, its success is still not guaranteed. Few studies have been published regarding a second ERCP attempt, however those reports enhance the catheterization success Objective: To determine whether an ERCP performed 72 hours after a first precut papillotomy enhances the bile duct catheterization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort study was performed including all patients that had ERCP with precut papilotomy without catheterization of the bile duct and 72 hours later were programmed to a new ERCP between September 2015 and September 2016. These patients did not have any distinctive characteristic such as age, gender or anatomy that were associated with the failure to catheterize the bile duct, compared to the general population. RESULT: 16 patients were included with a mean age of 61,3 years (SD: 10,6), bile duct catheterization was successful in 14 cases. No complications presented after precut papilotomy. Both failures went to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience about an 87% successful bile duct catheterization, 72 hours after precut papillotomy allows us to suggest it as an alternative before considering surgery.

Éxito de CPRE 72 horas después de precorte / ERCP success after 72 hours of pre-cut

Introducción A pesar de los avances en las técnicas para canalizar la vía biliar no se puede asegurar su éxito. Se han publicado pocos estudios que soporten un segundo intento de CPRE que, sin embargo, reportan un aumento en la tasa de canalización. Objetivo: Determinar si una CPRE 72 horas después de realizarse una papilotomía por precorte permite la canalización de la vía biliar. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte descriptiva, se incluyeron todos los pacientes llevados a CPRE más papilotomía por precorte sin lograr el ingreso a la vía biliar y que 72 horas después fueron programados para una nueva CPRE entre septiembre de 2015 y septiembre de 2016.Los pacientes en quienes no se logró canalizar la via biliar a pesar de la papilotomia por precorte no tenían ninguna característica de edad, género o anatómica que se asocie con fracaso en la canalización respecto a la población general. Se analizó el porcentaje de éxito en la canalización a las 72 horas y las complicaciones asociadas a la papilotomía por precorte en el procedimiento inicial. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 16 pacientes, con edad promedio de 61.3 años (DE: 10.6), se logró canalizar la vía biliar en 14 de los casos que se llevaron a una CPRE 72 horas después de una papilotomía por precorte. No se presentaron complicaciones después de la papilotomía por precorte. En los dos pacientes no canalizados se indicó cirugía: Conclusiones: La experiencia reportada en este estudio sobre el éxito de canalización de la vía biliar 72 horas después de la realización de una papilotomía por precorte en un 87% sin complicaciones nos permite sugerirla como una alternativa de manejo antes de una exploración quirúrgica.

Introduction: Despite the advances of bile duct catheterization, its success is still not guaranteed. Few studies have been published regarding a second ERCP attempt, however those reports enhance the catheterization success Objective: To determine whether an ERCP performed 72 hours after a first precut papillotomy enhances the bile duct catheterization. Material and methods: A cohort study was performed including all patients that had ERCP with precut papilotomy without catheterization of the bile duct and 72 hours later were programmed to a new ERCP between September 2015 and September 2016. These patients did not have any distinctive characteristic such as age, gender or anatomy that were associated with the failure to catheterize the bile duct, compared to the general population. Result: 16 patients were included with a mean age of 61,3 years (SD: 10,6), bile duct catheterization was successful in 14 cases. No complications presented after precut papilotomy. Both failures went to surgery. Conclusions: Our experience about an 87% successful bile duct catheterization, 72 hours after precut papillotomy allows us to suggest it as an alternative before considering surgery

Tumor de células granulares del esófago: reporte de un caso / Esophageal granular cell tumor: Case report

Introducción: el tumor de células granulares del esófago (TCG) es una neoplasia rara y su diagnóstico preciso se basa en el examen histopatológico. Con el incremento de la endoscopia como medida de tamizaje se ha visto un leve aumento en la incidencia, por lo que debe tenerse en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial en el momento de abordar una lesión subepitelial. Metodología: presentación de un caso clínico con TCG cuya endoscopia de vías digestivas altas (EVDA) muestra una lesión subepitelial en el tercio distal del esófago, y que debido a las características histopatológicas, clínicas y ecosonográficas se decide seguimiento y manejo expectante. Conclusiones: es importante el conocimiento de las características, comportamientos y estrategias de manejo del TCG, puesmuchos son asintomáticos y estables en el seguimiento, por lo que no necesitan tratamientos agresivos. Por el riesgo de malignidad, es importante su control riguroso.

Introduction: Esophageal granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare. Their precise diagnosis is based on histopathological examination of the specimen. However, owing to the use of endoscopy as a screening tool the incidence of these lesions has presently mildly increased and must be considered as a differential diagnosis of subepithelial lesions. Methodology: A case is presented of a GCT as a subepithelial lesion in the distal part of the esophagus found by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Conservative management and follow-up was decided due to the histopathological, clinical and ultrasound features of the lesion. Conclusions: Knowledge regarding GCTs´i characteristics, behavior and management is important for many are asymptomatic and remain clinically stable during follow-up, requiring no aggressive treatment. A rigorous follow-up is recommended due to its malignant potential.

Manejo del divertículo de Zenker con endoscopia avanzada / Advanced endoscopic management of Zenker´s diverticulum

El divertículo de Zenker es un saco que protruye a través de los músculos constrictor inferior de la faringe y cricofaríngeo (triángulo de Killian); es una alteración que ocasiona disfagia como síntoma principal y se puede manejar con el endoscopio flexible con buenos resultados. Objetivo. Describir la experiencia preliminar en el manejo endoscópico del divertículo de Zenker en el Hospital de San José. Métodos. Se trata de una serie de casos llevada a cabo desde diciembre de 2014 hasta abril de 2016 en el Hospital de San José, en la cual se utilizó el endoscopio flexible para la diverticulotomía en pacientes ambulatorios. Resultados. Se intervinieron seis pacientes, en los cuales se llevaron a cabo nueve procedimientos. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante esofagogastroduodenoscopia y esofagograma. La edad promedio fue de 65 años y cuatro pacientes eran hombres. En todos se practicó el procedimiento bajo anestesia general, usando endoscopio flexible, sonda orogástrica y capuchón. No se usaron antibióticos profilácticos y todos los pacientes se atendieron en forma ambulatora. Conclusión. La diverticulotomía endoscópica con equipo de endoscopia flexible es una técnica que ha sido adoptada por los gastroenterólogos intervencionistas debido a su seguridad y buenos resultados. Por lo anterior, esta técnica se debe tener en cuenta en los pacientes con esta enfermedad

Zenker's diverticulum is a sac that protrudes through the inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx and cricopharyngeus (Killian triangle), a condition that causes dysphagia as the main symptom and can be managed by flexible endoscopy with good results. Objective: To describe the preliminary experience in the endoscopic management of Zenker's diverticulum at Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: This is a case series conducted from December 2014 to April 2016 utilizing the flexible endoscope for divericulectomy as an outpatient procedure. Results: Nine procedures were performed in six patients. Diagnosis was made by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and barium swallow. Average age was 65 years, and four patients were men. All the procedure were carried out under general anesthesia using flexible endoscope, orogastric tube and cap. We do not use prophylactic antibiotics and all were outpatients. Conclusion: Endoscopic equipment diverticulectomy with flexible endoscopy is a technique that has been adopted by the interventional gastroenterologists because of its safety and good results. Therefore, this technique should be considered in patients with this pathology