RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in a Saudi sample of Jeddah city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional (descriptive) study was performed in 2017 among 3016 subjects (1507 females and 1509 males) selected according to stratified random sampling design. The inclusion criteria were Saudi students aged between 14-18 years with no craniofacial deformities or syndromes and no orthodontic treatment carried out. Malocclusion was assessed using the modified Bjork et al. system, and Angle's classification and orthodontic treatment need to be evaluated by using the IOTN (DHC). Descriptive, associations and gender differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. Data was analyzed using STATA version 13.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Approximately 12% of the participants had normal occlusion, 57% had Class I malocclusion, 17% had Class II malocclusion, and 14% had Class III malocclusion. The highest prevalence of malocclusion traits was for displacement, followed by a crossbite. The IOTN results revealed slight need for orthodontic treatment in (n = 795-26%) moderate/borderline in (n = 1166-39%), and great need in (n = 1055-35%). Class II and III malocclusion, OJ, reverse overjet, scissor bite, open bite, midline discrepancies, and crowding were significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a high prevalence of malocclusion and high orthodontic treatment need. The most common malocclusion was Class I. The most common orthodontic treatment need was moderate to borderline.
RESUMO
Patients with cleft lip and/or palate go through a lifelong journey of multidisciplinary care, starting from before birth and extending until adulthood. Presurgical orthopedic (PSO) treatment is one of the earliest stages of this care plan. In this paper we provide a review of the PSO treatment. This review should help general and specialist dentists to better understand the cleft patient care path and to be able to answer patient queries more efficiently. The objectives of this paper were to review the basic principles of PSO treatment, the various types of techniques used in this therapy, and the protocol followed, and to critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of some of these techniques. In conclusion, we believe that PSO treatment, specifically nasoalveolar molding, does help to approximate the segments of the cleft maxilla and does reduce the intersegment space in readiness for the surgical closure of cleft sites. However, what we remain unable to prove equivocally at this point is whether the reduction in the dimensions of the cleft presurgically and the manipulation of the nasal complex benefit our patients in the long term.
RESUMO
In the present report, two techniques of space closure; two-step anterior teeth retraction (TSR) and en masse retraction (ER) were used in two adult patients who had bimaxillary protrusion and were treated with four premolar extractions and fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Both patients had a Class I dental malocclusion and the same chief complaint, which is protrusive lips. Anterior teeth were retracted by two-step retraction; canine sliding followed by retraction of incisors with T-loop archwire in the first patient and by en masse retraction using Beta titanium alloy T-loop archwire in the second case. At the end of treatment, good balance and harmony of lips was achieved with maintenance of Class I relationships. The outcome of treatment was similar in the two patients with similar anchorage control. ER can be an acceptable alternative to the TSR during space closure since it is esthetically more acceptable. However, it requires accurate bending and positioning of the T-loop.
