[Vascular anomalies. Part II: vascular malformations]. / Vaskuläre Anomalien. Teil II: vaskuläre Malformationen.

Vascular malformations are congenital vascular anomalies with normal endothelial turnover, which can affect the whole vessel tree (arterial, capillary or lymphatic) both as isolated defects or as part of a syndrome. Developmental errors during embryogenesis, such as abnormal signaling processes that control the apoptosis, maturation and growth of vascular cells, lead to the persistence of vascular plexus cells with some degree of differentiation. Vascular malformations are usually present at birth, although symptoms or complications may be manifested later. Since the overwhelming majority are symptomatic, treatment is indicated which is often aimed only at improving the symptoms by controlling the size.

[Vascular anomalies. Part I: vascular tumors]. / Vaskuläre Anomalien. Teil I: Gefäßtumoren.

Vascular anomalies represent a spectrum of structural disorders and inborn errors of vascular morphogenesis, which may affect the entire arterial and venous vascular tree. They are divided into two major categories: tumors, which exhibit endothelial hyperplasia and malformations, which have normal endothelial turnover unless disturbed. Depending on their nature and complexity they can range from a simple "birthmark" to life-threatening entities. The relatively low incidence (4-10%) of vascular anomalies among the general population combined with the fact that their management often falls within the purview of several different medical and surgical specialties, has traditionally resulted in insufficient expertise in the management of these conditions. Therefore, accurate identification, a uniform nomenclature and a multidisciplinary approach are paramount for correct management.

Brachial Artery-Brachial Vein Fistula for Hemodialysis: One- or Two-Stage Procedure-A Review.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the patency rate of the brachial vein transposition-arteriovenous fistula [BVT-AVF] and to review the available literature regarding the comparison of the one-stage with the two-stage procedure. Methods A multiple electronic health database search was performed, aiming to identify studies on brachial vein superficialization. Case reports and series with five or less patients were excluded from the study. End points of the study were the patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up. The patency of the one- or two-stage BVT-AVF procedure was investigated. Results Overall, 380 BVT-AVFs were analyzed. The primary patency rate at 12 months ranged between 24 and 77%. Rate of early fistula malfunction or failure of maturation of the fistula resulting in loss of functionality ranged from 0 to 53%. Forearm edema, hematomas, wound infection, and early thrombosis were among the most common complications. Limited data were available for the comparison of patency rates between the one- and the two-stage procedure because of the absence of sufficient comparative studies. However, series with one-stage procedure presented a lower patency rate at 12 months compared to series with two stages. Conclusion Patency rates after BVT-AVF, although not excellent, has encouraging results taking into account that patients undergoing these procedures do not have an accessible superficial vein network; failure of maturation and the increased rate of early postoperative complications remain a concern. The BVT-AVF is a valuable option for creating an autologous vascular access in patients lacking adequate superficial veins.

Factors Predisposing to Endograft Limb Occlusion after Endovascular Aortic Repair.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for endograft limb occlusion after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR), using a case control design. METHODS: All patients presenting with endograft limb occlusion after elective EVAR between January 2010 and June 2013, along with age, sex, and type of endograft matched controls were included in the study. The impact of atherosclerotic risk factors, anatomic characteristics of the aneurysm, procedural details, and antiplatelet therapy was investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and conditional logistic regression analysis for 1:3 matched pairs deriving adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in order to detect significant risk factors for endograft limb occlusion among cases and controls were modeled. RESULTS: Of the 439 patients treated by EVAR, 18 patients (4.1%) presented with endograft limb occlusion. These patients were compared to 54 matched controls. Limb occlusion was associated with iliac artery angulation ≥ 60° (OR = 5.76, 95% CI =1.24-26.74; p = .03) or perimeter calcification ≥ 50% (OR =5.87, 95% CI = 1.10-31.32; p = .04). Limb occlusion was also associated with ≥ 15% endograft oversizing in the common iliac artery (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 1.11-27.60; p = .04). No other risk factors for limb occlusion were recognized. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of significant angulation and calcification of the iliac arteries as well as excessive limb oversizing appear to be independent predictors of endograft limb occlusion after EVAR.

Double axis cephalocondylic fixation of stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures: early results in 60 cases with the veronail system.

INTRODUCTION: This prospective case-series, without control group, study presents our early experience in the treatment of both stable and unstable peri-trochanteric fractures with a new cephalocondylic implant; the Veronail system. MATERIALS & METHODS: Enrolment in our study was from January 2008 through September 2009, with follow-up until October 2011 (at least 1 year). During this period 65 consecutively patients with a fracture in the trochanteric region of the femur (31.A1, A2 and A3 according to AO classification) were surgically managed and prospectively followed up for at least one year. Average age was 78 years old (range 42 to 93) with 40 female and 25 male patients. All patients were surgically treated using the Veronail system. Demographic and nursery data such as pre-existing illness, previous ambulatory status, type of anaesthesia, duration of surgery, volume of blood loss, transfusions, length of hospital stay, time to union and overall complications were systematically recorded and analysed. RESULTS: Mean follow up was 17 months (range, 12 to 23 months). Radiological evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, as well as at the last follow up visit. Clinical outcome was assessed using the parameters of Harris Hip score. Solid union was achieved in 57/60 patients (95%) at a mean time of 12.5 weeks. Two fractures did not progress to union. There were 3 superficial infections and 1 deep infection; all were successfully managed with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The Harris hip score at the last follow up visit was excellent or good in 46 (77%) of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: In the face of the good clinical and radiological results we consider the Veronail system to be of particular interest and perfectly adapted in primary surgery for both elderly and young patients.

Vascular manifestations of Behcet's disease: report of a case and review of the literature.

Adamantiades-Behçet's disease (ABD) is a relapsing vasculitis of unknown aetiology and variable clinical manifestations. The syndrome can be presented in a myriad of ways and can involve nearly every organ. Although vascular involvement is not included among the ABD diagnostic criteria, it is a unique clinical manifestation in adults with a potentially devastating outcome. We report an ABD case, presenting with a thrombotic occlusion of the inferior vena cava. The authors review the recent literature, emphasizing the spectrum of vascular manifestations accompanying Behçet's disease.

An update of the role of endovascular repair in blunt carotid artery trauma.

Blunt carotid injury (BCAI) is an increasingly recognised entity in trauma patients. Without a prompt diagnosis and a proper treatment, they can result in devastating consequences with cerebral ischaemia rate of 40-80% and mortality rate of 25-60%. Several applied screening protocols and continuously improving diagnostic modalities have been developed to identify patients with BCAI. The appropriate treatment of BCAI still remains controversial and strictly individualised. Besides anti-thrombotic/anticoagulation therapy and surgical intervention, continuously evolving endovascular techniques emerge as an additional treatment option for patients with BCAI. We provide an update on blunt carotid trauma, emphasising the role of endovascular approaches.

Infected Venous Leg Ulcers: Management With Silver-releasing Foam Dressing .

The aim of this work was to study the safety and effectiveness of silver foam dressing (Contreet® Ag, Coloplast, Humlebaek, Denmark) in promoting the healing of infected venous ulcers over 9 weeks of treatment. Forty-two patients with infected venous ulcers were included and randomized into two groups. Group A had 21 patients (12 women and 9 men, mean age 61.2 years) who were treated with the silver foam for 9 weeks. Group B also had 21 patients (14 women and 7 men, mean age 58.7 years) who were treated with a nonadhesive foam (Biatain®, Coloplast, Humlebaek, Denmark) for 9 weeks. In both groups, ulcer size and depth, intensity of pain, wound exudation, bacterial load, side effects of both materials, and ulcer healing were documented and compared. There was no significant difference at the initial assessment in both groups regarding ulcer size, ulcer depth, grade of exudation, pain intensity, or bacterial load. However, group A ulcers had a significantly greater healing (P = 0.02) compared to group B. Pain intensity was significantly less in group A patients at several time points. After 9 weeks of treatment, the silver foam dressing was found to be a safe material that promotes rapid healing of venous ulcers and relieves pain. .

Abdominal aortic aneurysm with ectopic renal artery origins: a case report.

The coexistense of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with ectopic main renal vasculature complicates aortic surgery and mandates a focused imaging evaluation and a carefully planned operation to minimize renal ischemia. We present the case of a 75-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a right kidney with two ectopic main renal arteries, one originating from the aneurysmal distal aorta and the other from the right common iliac artery; the patient underwent a surgical repair and followed an uneventful course with no deterioration of renal function. The preoperative and intraoperative details are reported, along with a review of the literature.

Synthesis, molecular structure determination, and antitumor activity of platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of 2-substituted benzimidazole.

The complexes of 2-aminomethyl benzimidazole, 2-(beta-aminoethyl)benzimidazole, and 2-(alpha-aminoethy-l)benzimidazole with Pt(II) and Pd(II) have been prepared. The molecular structure of the free ligands and their complexes were studied by IR and 1H NMR. It was concluded that the substituted benzimidazole derivatives behave as bidentate ligands, being bound to the metal atoms via the nitrogen of the -N = group and the amino group of the side chain of the benzimidazole ring. The metal complexes were tested for antineoplastic activity both in cultures of neoplastic cells (MEL-745, K-562, Colon 205, IMP-32, SK-N-SH) and in vivo in rodents bearing L-1210 leukemia. The antiproliferative activity of these agents was compared to that of cis-platin.