Percepción de estresores académicos antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en estudiantes de Enfermería / Nursing Students' Perception of Academic Stress before and during de COVID-19 Pandemic

Introducción: Los estresores académicos tienen efectos negativos en la salud y el desarrollo académico de los estudiantes de educación superior. Objetivo: Identificar los estresores académicos de mayor prevalencia antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su relación con factores socioacadémicos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal correlacional. La muestra censal en el 2019 fueron 166 y en el 2021, 156 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública andina (Huaraz, Perú). El instrumento fue el Inventario de Estrés Académico. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron comparación de medias, correlación de Pearson y Rho de Spearman. Resultados: Fueron estresores académicos antes vs. durante la pandemia de COVID-19: sobrecarga académica (3,94vs. 3,51), falta de tiempo (3,75vs. 3,14), trabajos obligatorios (3,12vs. 2,98). Estos correlacionaron antes de la pandemia con: mayor número de cursos e insatisfacción con rendimiento académico y; durante la pandemia: sexo femenino e insatisfacción con situación económica. Las mujeres percibieron cuatro o siete estresores académicos y los varones dos o uno, antes o durante la pandemia de COVID-19, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los estresores académicos en los estudiantes antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fueron: sobrecarga académica, falta de tiempo para cumplir con las actividades académicas y realización de trabajos obligatorios para aprobar las asignaturas. Las mujeres presentaron más estresores académicos que los varones antes y durante la pandemia. Los estresores académicos correlacionaron con factores académicos antes de la pandemia; y con factores sociales durante la pandemia(AU)

Introduction: Academic stressors have negative effects on the health and academic development of higher education students. Objective: To identify the most prevalent academic stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relationship with socio-academic factors. Methods: A longitudinal correlational study was carried out. The census sample in 2019 was 166; and, in 2021, 156 nursing students from an Andean public university (Huaraz, Peru). The instrument was the Academic Stress Inventory. Statistical analyzes included comparison of means, Pearson correlation and Spearman's rho. Results: The following were academic stressors before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: academic overload (3.94 vs. 3.51), lack of time (3.75 vs. 3.14), mandatory assignments (3.12 vs. 2.98). These were correlated, before the pandemic, with greater number of courses and dissatisfaction with academic performance; and, during the pandemic, with female sex and dissatisfaction with the economic situation. The women perceived four or seven academic stressors and the male perceived two or one, before or during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Conclusions: The academic stressors in students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were academic overload, lack of time to complete academic activities, and completing mandatory work to pass the subjects. The women presented more academic stressors than the male before and during the pandemic. Academic stressors were correlated with academic factors before the pandemic and with social factors during the pandemic(AU)

La salud mental de los enfermeros en un hospital andino en tiempos de COVID-19

Resumen La investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar la salud mental de los enfermeros que laboraban en el área COVID-19 respecto a otras áreas laborales en un hospital público de Huaraz. Materiales y Métodos . Fue descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. La muestra intencional estuvo conformada por los 110 profesionales de enfermería que aceptaron responder al cuestionario online del DASS-21 y Escala de Athenas. Resultados niveles sin diferencia significativa de ansiedad, insomnio, depresión y estrés en los enfermeros que laboran en áreas de atención de pacientes con COVID-19 y otras. La depresión estuvo asociada a la convivencia con personas vulnerables en el hogar y al diagnóstico positivo a enfermedades de salud mental antes de la pandemia. La ansiedad estuvo asociada a la convivencia con familiares, a la práctica de alguna religión y al diagnóstico personal positivo a COVID-19. El estrés estuvo asociada al consumo de psicofármacos. Conclusiones . Los resultados indican que se requieren intervenciones de salud mental dirigidos al personal de enfermería que labora en todo el hospital en el contexto de la pandemia por coronavirus.

Abstract The objective of the research was to compare the mental health of nurses working in the COVID-19 area with respect to other work areas in a public hospital in Huaraz. Materials and Methods. It was descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. The purposive sample consisted of 110 nursing professionals who agreed to answer the DASS-21 and Athens Scale online questionnaire. The results showed no significant difference in the levels of anxiety, insomnia, depression and stress in nurses working in patient care areas with COVID-19 and others. Depression was associated with living with vulnerable people at home and positive diagnosis of mental health illnesses before the pandemic. Anxiety was associated with living with family members, the practice of a religion, and a positive personal diagnosis of COVID-19. Stress was associated with psychotropic drug use. Conclusions . The results indicate that mental health interventions are needed for nurses working throughout the hospital in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.

Resumo A pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar a saúde mental dos enfermeiros que atuavam na área do COVID-19 em relação às demais áreas de atuação de um hospital público de Huaraz. Materiais e métodos . Foi descritivo, transversal e correlacional. A amostra intencional foi composta por 110 profissionais de enfermagem que concordaram em responder ao questionário online DASS-21 e Escala de Athenas. Resultados . Níveis sem diferença significativa de ansiedade, insônia, depressão e estresse em enfermeiros que atuam em áreas de cuidado a pacientes com COVID-19 e outros. A depressão estava associada a viver com pessoas vulneráveis em casa e a um diagnóstico positivo de doenças mentais antes da pandemia. An ansiedade foi associada a viver com familiares, praticar uma religião e um diagnóstico pessoal positivo de COVID-19. O estresse foi associado ao consumo de psicofármacos. Conclusões . Os resultados indicam que as intervenções em saúde mental são necessárias para a equipe de enfermagem que trabalha em todo o hospital no contexto da pandemia do coronavirus.