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Oral administration is the most convenient way of drug delivery, but due to the existence of intestinal barrier, the oral bioavailability of drugs is generally low, especially for drugs with low water solubility, poor permeability and macromolecules. For decades, researchers have demonstrated that nano-delivery system is one of the most effective strategies to solve this problem, but nano-delivery systems have shown limited improvement in the oral bioavailability of drugs. Therefore, researchers have proposed to use transporter-mediated nano-delivery systems to promote the oral absorption of drugs. The intestinal tract were highly expressed as a transporter for ingesting various nutrients(such as glucose, oligopeptides and bile acids), which was an excellent target of oral drug delivery system. Its substrate were modified on the nano-delivery system, and the loaded drugs could cross the intestinal barrier and enter the systemic circulation more efficiently through the targeting effect of transporters. At present, more and more evidences supported the potential of transporters in the field of oral drug delivery system. Therefore, this paper reviewed the research on intestinal transporters-mediated nano-delivery system to promote oral absorption of drugs, including the distribution of intestinal transporters, three strategies of transporter substrate modification, the transport properties of different types of transporters and their effects of mediating the nano-delivery system for promoting the oral absorption of drugs or treating diseases, with the aim of providing an important theoretical reference for the development of intestinal targeted nano-delivery systems.
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Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease around the world, affecting more than a quarter of the adult population worldwide. MAFLD is characterized by the co-occurrence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic disturbance. As a metabolic disorder, MAFLD shares a similar pathogenesis with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and both diseases are closely associated with the well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. An increasing amount of evidence has shown that MAFLD is closely associated with CVD; however, as a new risk factor for CVD, MAFLD differs from traditional risk factors for CVD, which requires further investigation. In this context, this consensus statement used the Delphi method to achieve a consensus on the association between MAFLD and the risk of CVD through two rounds of surveys and discussed the association between MAFLD and CVD in terms of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as a range of topics including pathophysiological mechanisms, surveillance, and management.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on pulmonary vascular remodeling and ADAM10/Notch3 pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH rat model was established, and male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, monocrotaline (MCT) group and MCT+PNS group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of normal saline. Rats in the MCT group was injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg MCT on the first day, and then with the same volume of normal saline every day. Rats in the MCT+PNS group was injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg MCT on the first day, and then with 50 mg/kg PNS every day. The modeling time of each group lasted for 21 days. After the model was established, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was measured by right heart catheterization technique, the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was calculated, the microscopic morphology and changes of pulmonary vascular wall were observed by HE and Masson staining, and the expressions of ADAM10, Notch3, Hes-1, P27, PCNA, Caspase-3 proteins and mRNA in pulmonary vascular tissue of rats were detected by Western blot and qPCR. The expression and localization of Notch3 and α-SMA were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of ADAM10 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that compared with the control group, mPAP, RVHI, pulmonary vessels and collagen fibers in the MCT group were significantly increased, the expressions of ADAM10, Notch3, Hes-1, and PCNA protein and mRNA were significantly increased, while the expressions of P27 and Caspase-3 protein and mRNA were decreased significantly. Compared with the MCT group, mPAP and RVHI were significantly decreased, pulmonary vessels were significantly improved and collagen fibers were significantly reduced, the expressions of protein and mRNA of ADAM10, Notch3, Hes-1, and PCNA were decreased in MCT+PNS group, but the expressions of protein and mRNA of P27 and Caspase-3 were increased slightly. The results of immunofluorescence showed that Notch3 and α-SMA staining could overlap, which proved that Notch3 was expressed in smooth muscle cells. The expression of Notch3 in the MCT group was increased significantly compared with that in the control group, while PNS intervention decreased the expression of Notch3. Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the control group, the amount of ADAM10 in the MCT group was increased significantly, and the expression of ADAM10 in the MCT+PNS group was decreased compared with the MCT group. These results indicate that PNS can improve the PAH induced by MCT in rats by inhibiting ADAM10/Notch3 signaling pathway.
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Colágeno , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Monocrotalina/efeitos adversos , Panax notoginseng/química , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/farmacologia , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Artéria Pulmonar/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Notch3/genética , RNA Mensageiro , Solução Salina , Transdução de Sinais , Saponinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be categorized into “xiao ke (消渴)” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The theory of “yin restricts fire” originates from Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor (《黄帝内经》) which states that “yin essence restricts chief fire”, and the crucial pathogenesis and treatment of xiao ke coincide with this theory. ZHANG Zhongjing,s three prescriptions of Jizizhuang (egg yolk) are Baihe Jizizi Decoction (百合鸡子汤), Huanglian Ejiao Decoction (黄连阿胶汤) and Painong Powder (排脓散), which are scattered in different chapters of Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases (《伤寒杂病论》). By analyzing and summarizing the mechanism and characteristics of the three prescriptions, it is found that the three prescriptions are in line with the characteristics of “yin restricts fire” and the pathogenesis of T2DM. These three prescriptions are composed of Jizizhuang and different medicinals. Baihe Jizizi Decoction is composed of Jizizhuang and Baihe (Bulbus Lilii), and can be used to treat T2DM and mental diseases. Huanglian Ejiao Decoction is composed of Jizihuang, Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba seu Rubra), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) and Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), which could be used to treat T2DM and cardiorenal system diseases. Painong Powder is composed of Jizizhuang, Shaoyao, Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis) and Zhishi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus), which can be used to treat T2DM and carbuncle. Therefore, based on the theory of “yin restricts fire” and “many different diseases can be treated in the same wa”, this paper propose that the three Jizihuang prescriptions could be used in T2DM, which could provide ideas for clinical treatment.
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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter-related infections are important risk factors for catheter loss and peritonitis. 2023 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) catheter-related infection recommendations have revised and clarified definitions and classifications of exit site infection and tunnel infection, such as cause-specific catheter-related infection, culture-negative catheter-related infection, refractory catheter-related infection, and infection- related catheter removal. A new target for the exit site infection rate should not exceed 0.40 episodes per year at risk. The recommendation about topical antibiotic cream or ointment to catheter exit site has been downgraded. New recommendations for exit site infection include clarified suggestion of exit site dressing cover and revised topical antibacterial agents as well as antibiotics treatment duration. In addition to catheter removal and reinsertion, new salvage options for catheter are suggested. The paper outlines the updated main content of the guide.
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Objective To identify the environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of Rhipicephalus microplus in China, and to examine the impact of climate changes on the distribution of R. microplus in China. Methods The national and international publications pertaining to the geographical distribution of R. microplus in China were retrieved, and the geographical location was extracted. The suitable habitats of R. microplus and the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitats of R. microplus were predicted in China based on the geographical data and environmental variables using the ArcGIS 10.7 software and the maximum entropy model. Results Among the main climatic factors affecting the geographical distribution of R. microplus in China, the factors contributing more than 10% to the suitable habitats of R. microplus mainly include the annual mean precipitation (38.2%), the average temperature of the coldest quarter (28.4%) and the precipitation of the driest month (14.2%). The current suitable habitats of R. microplus were mainly found in southern China, and the high-, medium- and low-suitable areas accounted for 8.6%, 13.1% and 10.5% of the total land area of China, respectively. The suitable habitats of R. microplus were predicted to increase by 399 800 km2 in China using the maximum entropy model under the RCP 4.5 emissions scenario in 2070, and the emerging suitable habitats were mainly distributed in Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Hebei Province, Shaanxi Province, Liaoning Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shandong Province, Sichuan Province and Tibeten Autonomous Region. In addition, the suitable habitats of R. microplus were predicted to show an overall expansion towards northward from present to 2070. Conclusions Climate changes affect the distribution of suitable habitats of R. microplus in China, and annual mean precipitation may be a key factor affecting the distribution of suitable habitats of R. microplus.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of hemoglobin (Hb) volatility on cardiovascular prognosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods:Retrospective cohort study was designed. Patients undergoing stable PD for more than 3 months and followed up regularly for at least 1 year were enrolled from May 1, 2013 to October 31, 2014 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. According to the Hb variation based on the mean changes in Hb standard deviation at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months over baseline Hb, all patients were divided into low volatility group (≤10 g/L), moderate volatility group (>10-20 g/L) and high volatility group (>20 g/L), and baseline information were compared among these groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression equation were used to analyze the relationship between Hb variation and cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Besides, the patients were divided into qualified group (Hb≥110 g/L) and substandard group (Hb<110 g/L) by the Hb level at the study endpoint (cardiovascular death and all-cause death) according to KDIGO guidelines and relevant literature. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between Hb variation and cardiovascular death in qualified group or substandard group. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of Hb fluctuation in PD patients.Results:A total of 267 patients were enrolled. There were 160 males (59.93%) in this study. The age was (52.66±13.72) years old, and the median dialysis age was 37(21, 61) months. The patients' baseline Hb (before dialysis) was (80.16±14.89) g/L and at the end of the study Hb was (105.34±22.08) g/L. Body mass index and baseline Hb levels in the high volatility group were lower than those in low volatility group and moderate volatility group (all P<0.05). Both moderate and high volatility groups had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than that in low volatility group, and high volatility group had higher urea nitrogen level than that in low volatility group (all P<0.05). The amount of erythropoietin usage in the high volatility group was higher than that in moderate volatility group ( P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate for all-cause death (Log-rank χ2=0.735, P=0.693) and cardiovascular death (Log-rank χ2=2.961, P=0.228) in different Hb volatility groups. Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, serum creatinine, and blood albumin, higher Hb volatility was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death ( HR=0.972, 95% CI 0.947-0.999, P=0.040). After adjusting for related confounding factors, higher Hb volatility was still a protective factor for cardiovascular death in the substandard group ( HR=0.946, 95% CI 0.903-0.992, P=0.022), but there was no significant correlation between Hb fluctuation and all-cause death. Multivariate linear regression analysis results showed that the fluctuation level of Hb was positively correlated with Kt/V ( B=4.682, 95% CI 2.480-6.884, P<0.001) and erythropoietin dosages ( B=0.001, 95% CI 0-0.001, P=0.003), and negatively correlated with baseline Hb ( B=-0.554, 95% CI -0.651--0.457, P<0.001). Conclusions:High Hb variability is a protective factor for cardiovascular death in PD patients with lower Hb level (substandard Hb). Adopting a reasonable program to correct anemia timely to reach the standard level has a greater impact on reducing risk of cardiovascular death in PD patients than Hb variation in anemia treatment.
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The pig bile powder, bovine bile powder, snake bile, sheep bile, goose bile powder, and bear bile powder were contained by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The bile power medicine has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine and definite effect. However, the medicine of bile powder(bile) are similar in morphology. Besides, many medicine lack specific microscopic identification characteristics and chemical characteristics. There is a risk of adulteration, especially when the fake medicine were mixed in authentic medicine, it is difficult to detection. The key to control the quality and ensures the clinical efficacy is the good or bad, true or false of the bile power medicine. The STR typing technology is a method that according to differential typing of PCR amplified lengths to compare and identify individual organisms. Based on the principle of STR typing, the easily, rapid DNA fingerprinting method to identify the bile power and adulteration was established.The original animal or bile powder of pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, snakes, bears, fish were collected, the 12 S-L1091/12 S-H1478 and 16 S-L3428/16 S-H3667 was obtained by sifted, the DNA fingerprinting of the bile power and adulteration was obtained by STR typing. Every species has different STR fingerprints, so different species can be identified. Besides, the fingerprints have both the authentic and fake's information, the adulteration of authentic and fake can be identified. Therefore, the method to identify the bile power and adulteration was achieved through the combination of two primers. The DNA fingerprinting method established in this study can also be used for other animal medicine.
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Animais , Bovinos , Bile/química , Galinhas , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Materia Medica/análise , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Ovinos , Suínos , UrsidaeRESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of unidirectional stretching on mechanical properties of different absorbable patches and evaluate its potential as a patch for rotator cuff repair. Methods The unidirectional stretching process was used to prepare absorbable patches with different polylactide based materials. Different unidirectional stretching temperatures (50-80 ℃) and stretching ratios (0.5-4.3) were set. The effects of different parameters on mechanical properties of the absorbable patches with different materials were studied. Their thermal properties, crystallization and surface morphology were characterized. Results The unidirectional stretching temperature and stretching ratio could adjust the tensile strength and strain, thermal property, crystalization and surface morphology of the absorbable patch. At directional stretching temperatures of 60, 70, 70 ℃ and stretching ratios of 3, 3, 4.3, respectively, the absorbable patches made of poly-L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly-L-co-D, L-lactide (PLDLLA) and poly-L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (PLC) had the maximum tensile strength (74±7),(97±6), (107±8) MPa, which were larger than the tensile strength for infraspinatus tendon of canine (40 MPa). However, only the strain of PLDLLA patch conformed to the flexibility of natural rotator cuff. Conclusions The unidirectional stretching process can improve mechanical properties of the absorbable patch. The absorbable patch made of PLDLLA has the potential to reinforce the rotator cuff tear.
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Gastrodia elata is a kind of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and has good medicinal value. G. elata is divided into five varieties, which includes G. elata f. elata(proto variant), G. elata f. glauca, G. elata f. viridis, G. elata f. flavid and G. elata f. alba. Among them, G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca have excellent characteristics and higher contents of gastrodin and polysaccharides. The hybrid of G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca is present in markets, but the characteristics between hybrid and parent are not obvious and distinguished quickly and accurately. The aim of this study is to establish a PCR specific PCR identification method, which can identify G. elata f. elata, G. elata f. glauca and their hybrid. Based on the re-sequencing results of G. elata, we screened for the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) variation sites, and designed two pairs of specific primers(W291-F/W291-R and H255-F/H255-R). We further collected G. elata f. elata, G. elata f. glauca and their hybrid samples from different regions, established and optimized PCR method, and investigated and verified their tolerance and applicability. The results showed that when the annealing temperature was 48 ℃ and the number of cycles was 33, 255 bp specific band were obtained from G. elata f. glauca and hybrid by using specific primers W291-F/W291-R. When the annealing temperature was 51 ℃ and the number of cycles was 33, 291 bp specific band were obtained from G. elata f. elata and hybrid by using specific primers H255-F/H255-R. Our method could be used as a promising method to identify G. elata f. elata, G. elata f. glauca and their hybrid.
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Gastrodia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Objective: Scolopendra was a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with a good medicinal value. Nowadays, there have been increasingly more adulterates of Scolopendra in the medicine market. To ensure the safe and effectiveness of clinical medicines,a convenient and accurate specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method for identification of medicinal Scolopendra from its common adulterates was established. Method: Based on the differences of COI gene DNA sequences among Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans and adulterants,the specific primer was designed,the reaction conditions were optimized,and the PCR method for identification was explored and verified in terms of tolerance and feasibility. Besides,the original animal samples and medicine of Scolopendra were collected. Result: Through the established PCR reaction system,the bright and simple fragments of 500 bp was amplified from DNA templates of S. subspinipes mutilans. All of the adulterants were negative by the multiplex PCR assay,such as S. multidens,S. subspinipes,S. dehaani,S. hainanum. Conclusion: The identified primer is highly specific,and the specific PCR method established in this paper can accurately identify Scolopendra and its adulterants, so as to provide an excellent scientific basis for the identification of TCM Scolopendra. The method is simple and intuitive, and facilitates wide promotion and application of the method, with a broad application prospect in the identification of TCM.
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Objective: To obtain a rapid,efficiency and convenient polymerase Chain reaction(PCR) identification method for medicinal Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum,Cervi Cornu and its common adulterates. Method: Based on three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Cytb gene DNA sequences among Cervus nippon,C. elaphus and its adulterants,a pair of species-specific primers (LR-238.F and LR-238.R) was designed,the reaction conditions were optimized,and the PCR method for identification was explored and verified in terms of tolerance and feasibility. Result: Through the established allele-specific PCR method,under the annealing temperature of 56℃ and cycle number of 35,250 bp of fragments were amplified from DNA templates of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum,Cervi Cornu and its subspecies in origin animal samples as well as herbal medicines. All of the adulterants species of Przewalskium albirostris,Cervus eldi,Odocoileus hemionus,Dama dama,Alces alces,Elaphurus davidianus,Capreolus pygargus,Rusa unicolor and Rangifer tarandus were negative by the PCR assay. Conclusion: The identification primer is highly specific,and the allele-specific PCR identification method established in this paper can accurately identify the medicinal Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum and Cervi Cornu.
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Objective: In recent years,with the increase in the commodity price of medicinal pheretima,there have emerged increasing adulterates in the medicine market. Besides,the medicinal materials have mostly lost the main identification features, and are difficult to distinguish. Therefore,it is urgent to establish an accurate and stable method for the identification of pheretima. Method: According to the differences of COI gene DNA sequences among Pheretima aspergillum,Pheretima vulgaris,Pheretima guillelmi,Pheretima pectinifera and adulterants,the variation site was found,the specific primers were designed,the reaction conditions were optimized,and the polymerase Chain reaction(PCR) method for identification was explored and verified in terms of tolerance and feasibility in this study. The specific primers were combined to build multiple PCR systems. An effective,accurate,convenient,highly specific and repeatable Multiplex Allele-Specific PCR identification method was established for identifying medicinal pheretima and its common adulterants. Result: Through the established multiplex PCR reaction system, 366,487,487 and 475 bp of fragments were amplified from DNA templates of P. aspergillum,P. vulgaris,P. guillelmi and P.pectinifera respectively. All of the adulterants were negative by the multiplex PCR assay. The PCR amplification of specific alleles method established in this paper can accurately identify pheretima. Conclusion: The Multiplex Allele-Specific PCR identification method established in this paper can accurately identify medicinal pheretima and its adulterants.
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Objective To investigate the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on oxidative stress in renal tissue of rats with renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF).Methods The RIF rat model was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).A total of 108 specified pathogen free (SPF) class healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,UUO model group and treatment group.The treatment group was further divided into low,medium and high dose of LBP groups and benazapril group.From the next day of the operation,the rats were given continuous intragastric administration for 3 weeks.The LBP low,medium and high dose groups were given 400,600,800 mg · kg1 · d-1 LBP,respectively.The benazapril group was administered with 1.05 mg · kg-1 · d-1 benazepril hydrochloride.The sham operation group and UUO model group were daily fed normal saline solution by gavage.Six rats were sacrificed randomly at 7,14 and 21 days after operation.Their blood samples were collected to detect the serum creatinine (Scr) and the kidney organ index was calculated.The pathological changes on the surgical side were observed by both HE staining and Masson staining.Meanwhile,the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the renal tissue were detected by colorimetry detection.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was detected by real time PCR.Results (1) Compared with the sham group,the Scr and kidney organ index of the UUO model group and treatment groups increased at each time point (all P < 0.05).Compared with the UUO model group,the kidney organ index of LBP low dose group in the 7th days,the LBP medium and high dose group in the 21st days as well as benazapril group in the 7th and 21st days were significantly lower (all P < 0.05).(2) Renal pathological change:compared with the sham operation group,both the renal tubular interstitial injury index and collagen positive area of the else groups were higher at each time point (all P < 0.05).Compared with the UUO group,the tubulointerstitial injury index and collagen staining positive area of LBP dose groups and benazapril group significantly decreased at different time points (all P < 0.05).(3) Compared with the sham group,in renal tissue of the other groups the level of MDA increased,SOD level decreased,while the expressions of TGF-1 mRNA and protein increased (all P < 0.05).Compared with the UUO model group,LBP low,medium and high dose group as well as benazapril group had lower MDA level,higher SOD level as well as lower expressions of TGF-1 mRNA and protein at each time point (all P < 0.05).Conclusions The pathological injury in UUO rats can be improved by the LBP.The LBP can alleviate the oxidative stress status of the kidney tissue by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD.The further study on the LBP delaying the progression of RIF is to be conducted.
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Tet (ten-eleven translocation) proteins belong to α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG or 2-OG) and Fe2+ dependent dioxygenases. Tets are found to be involved in the unique mammalian DNA active demethylation process by specifically oxidizing the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in mammalian genome, and play critical roles in gene regulation in early embryonic development and stem cell differentiation via regulating the dynamic balance distribution of 5mC. Abnormal expression and function of Tets are closely associated with various hematological malignances, including myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as solid tumors. Hence, Tets and Tets-mediated DNA demethylation are novel anti-tumor drug targets. Investigation of biological function and catalytic mechanism of Tets is helpful for further understanding mechanisms of tumor incidence and development relevant to DNA demethylation pathway and can provide reference for developing new anti-tumor targeted drugs.
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Objective To investigate the influence of obesity on renal lesion in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients by analyzing the association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors (ARR).Method Clinical-pathological data of IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected retrospectively.According to the body mass index (BMI),patients were divided into non-obese group (BMI < 28,N-OB group) and obese group (BMI≥28,OB group).Their clinical characteristics,pathological index and ARR scores were compared.The relationship of BMI and ARR was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression models.Results (1) A total of 674 IgAN patients with mean age of 35.5+ 11.3 years were enrolled,including 94 in OB group and 580 in N-OB group respectively.Compared with those in the N-OB group,the proportion of male,age,mean arterial pressure,blood uric acid,blood triglyceride,diabetes mellitus and hypertension increased in OB group (all P < 0.01).Patients in OB group had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher ARR score than those in N-OB group (all P < 0.05).(2) More severe thickening renal small artery wall and hyaline degeneration were observed in the OB group than in the N-OB group (all P < 0.01).There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Lee classification,Oxford classification,mesangial cell proliferation,glomerular sclerosis,crescent formation,renal tubular atrophy,interstitial inflammatory cell in filtration and endothelial cell proliferation.(3) After adjusting for age,sex,blood uric acid,serum albumin,eGFR,low density lipoprotein,glomerular sclerosis,interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration,renal tubular atrophy and vascular wall thickening,BMI was still an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients (OR=1.09,95% CI 1.03-1.14).Conclusions BMI is an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients.Early prevention and control of obesity and its associated risk factors may improve outcomes of IgAN patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the conformance of drug storage condition in our hospital with the criterion of Good Supply Practice of Drug(GSP)or drug instructions. METHODS:The ratio of drugs which should be stored at cold chain or below 20 ℃ or room temperature in our hospital in 2013 was analyzed statistically according to drug instruction and GSP(2013 edition). The conformance of storage condition between our hospital and GSP(2013 edition)or drug instructions was analyzed retrospective-ly. RESULTS:Among 1 338 drugs in our hospital in 2013(886 domestic drugs,66.22%;452 imported or import-packing drugs, 33.78%),110 drugs should be refrigerated(8.22%),3 be frozen(0.22%),271 be kept below 20 ℃(20.25%)and 954 be kept at room temperature(71.30%),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Through continuous improvement of management,drug storage con-dition could meet the requirements of GSP (2013 edition) and drug instruction. In order to ensure drug quality,the government should improve related laws and regulations,and promote the operability of storage condition stated in drug instruction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The 8.12 Tianjin Port Explosion in 2015 caused heavy casualties. Pingjin Hospital, an affiliated college hospital in Tianjin, China participated in the rescue activities. This study aims to analyze the emergency medical response to this event and share experience with trauma physicians to optimize the use of medical resource and reduce mortality of critical patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>As a trauma centre at the accident city, our hospital treated 298 patients. We retrospectively analyzed the data of emergency medical response, including injury triage, injury type, ICU patient flow, and medical resource use.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were totally 165 deaths, 8 missing, and 797 non-fatal injuries in this explosion. Our hospital treated 298 casualties in two surges of medical demand. The first one appeared at 1 h after explosion when 147 wounded were received and the second one at 4 h when 31 seriously injured patients were received, among whom 29 were transferred from Tianjin Emergency Center which was responsible for the scene injury triage. After reexamination and triage, only 11 cases were defined as critical ill patients. The over-triage rate reached as high as 62.07%. Seventeen patients underwent surgery and 17 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present pre-hospital system is incomplete and may induce two surges of medical demand. The first one has a much larger number of casualties than predicted but the injury level is mild; while the second one has less wounded but almost all of them are critical patients. The over-triage rate is high. The hospital emergency response can be improved by an effective re-triage and implementation of a hospital-wide damage control.</p>
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Traumatismos por Explosões , Mortalidade , Terapêutica , China , Explosões , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Hospitais Universitários , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Incidentes com Feridos em Massa , Estudos Retrospectivos , Capacidade de Resposta ante Emergências , Centros de Traumatologia , TriagemRESUMO
Aqueous-processed solar cells have evolved into a new generation of promising and renewable energy materials due to their excellent optical, electrical, and low-cost properties. In this work, Cd0.75Hg0.25Te colloid quantum dots (CQDs) were incorporated into a water-soluble conjugated polymer with broad absorption and high charge-carrier-mobility (5 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) to obtain a composite with an absorption spectrum ranging from 300 to 1200 nm. The matched energy level between polymer and CQDs ensured the effective electron transfer, while the interpenetrating network structure formed via heat treatment guaranteed the quick electron transport. Moreover, the formation process of the interpenetrating network was systematically monitored by using AFM and TEM instruments and further confirmed through the measurement of charge-carrier-mobility of the active layers. In combination with the surface modification of a single Cd0.75Hg0.25Te layer, this aqueous-processed solar cell showed excellent photovoltaic response and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 2.7% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm(-2)). Especially, the contribution of the Herschel infrared region (780-1100 nm) to the photocurrent was as high as 15.04%. This device showed the highest PCE among organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on CdxHg1-xTe CQDs and the highest near infrared (NIR) contribution among aqueous-processed HSCs, indicating the enormous potential of taking advantage of NIR energy in a solar spectrum and a promising application in solar cells especially used in cloudy weather.
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Objective: To observe the effect of rhynchophylline (Rhy) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) with different time after administration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and explore the protective effect on vascular endothelial cells of Rhy after long-term administration. Methods: Male SHR were randomly divided into model, positive control (Captopril 6.25 mg/kg), low-, mid-, and high-dose (1.25, 2.50, 5.00 mg/kg) Rhy groups. Other SD rats were included as the control group. Rats in the model and control groups were given the same volume of distilled water once daily for 21 d. Rat tail artery SBP was measured before administration and day 7, 14, and 21 during the administration. The levels of plasma Ang II, ADMA, AT1R, and serum NO, NOS were detected after the last administration underwent blood sampling. Results: Compared with the model group, Rhy reduced SBP significantly. Moreover, the plasma Ang II, ADMA, and AT1R levels were up-regulated, and the serum NO and NOS levels were decreased in the model group, which could be reversed by the treatment of Rhy (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Rhy could reduce the SBP of SHR significantly, decrease plasma Ang II, ADMA, and AT1R levels, and promote serum NO and NOS levels, which has the protection of vascular endothelial function.