Spontaneous rupture of the lens capsule in hypermature cataract: presentations and outcomes.

AIM: To describe the occurrence of spontaneous rupture of the lens capsule in patients with hypermature cataract. STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive case series. METHODS: The records of patients with hypermature cataract and spontaneous capsular dehiscence seen and managed at a tertiary eye care centre between August 2012 and August 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: 10 eyes of 10 patients were identified. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was limited to light perception in all patients. Three eyes had anterior dislocation of the nucleus, two had posterior dislocation and in five the nucleus was presumed to have absorbed. Eight eyes (80%) demonstrated both anterior and posterior capsular tears and five eyes (50%) showed calcification spots in the capsule remnants. Other features at presentation included corneal oedema (two eyes), vitritis (four eyes), raised intraocular pressure (one eye) and hypopyon (one eye). Removal of the nucleus through anterior (three eyes) or posterior route (two eyes) was carried out in all patients with dislocated nucleus. Intraocular lens could be implanted in seven eyes (70%) and they had a final BCVA ranging from 6/18 to 6/36. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous lens capsule rupture can occur in hypermature senile cataract (HMSC) and result in anterior or posterior dislocation of the nucleus or spontaneous resorption with or without an accompanying inflammatory reaction of varying severity. An acceptable visual outcome can be obtained, except in the presence of associated glaucoma or corneal decompensation.

Molecular precursors for the preparation of homogenous zirconia-silica materials by hydrolytic sol-gel process in organic media. Crystal structures of [Zr{OSi(O(t)Bu)3}4(H2O)2]·2H2O and [Ti(O(t)Bu){OSi(O(t)Bu)3}3].

[Zr(OPr(i))(4)·Pr(i)OH] reacts with [HOSi(O(t)Bu)(3)] in anhydrous benzene in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios to afford alkoxy zirconosiloxane precursors of the types [Zr(OPr(i))(3){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}] (A) and [Zr(OPr(i))(2){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(2)] (B), respectively. Further reactions of A or B with glycols in 1:1 molar ratio afforded six chemically modified precursors of the types [Zr(OPr(i))(OGO){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}] (1A-3A) and [Zr(OGO){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(2)] (1B-3B), respectively [where G = (-CH(2)-)(2) (1A, 1B); (-CH(2)-)(3) (2A, 2B) and (-CH(2)CH(2)CH(CH(3)-)} (3A, 3B)]. The precursors A and B are viscous liquids, which solidify on ageing whereas the other products are all solids, soluble in common organic solvents. These were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight measurements, FAB mass, FTIR, (1)H, (13)C and (29)Si-NMR studies. Cryoscopic molecular weight measurements of all the products, as well as the FAB mass studies of 3A and 3B, indicate their monomeric nature. However, FAB mass spectrum of the solidified B suggests that it exists in dimeric form. Single crystal structure analysis of [Zr{OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(4)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O (3b) (R(fac) = 11.9%) as well as that of corresponding better quality crystals of [Ti(O(t)Bu){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(3)] (4) (R(fac) = 5.97%) indicate the presence of a M-O-Si bond. TG analyses of 3A, B, and 3B indicate the formation of zirconia-silica materials of the type ZrO(2)·SiO(2) from 3A and ZrO(2)·2SiO(2) from B or 3B at low decomposition temperatures (≤200 °C). The desired homogenous nano-sized zirconia-silica materials [ZrO(2)·nSiO(2)] have been obtained easily from the precursors A and B as well as from the glycol modified precursors 3A and 3B by hydrolytic sol-gel process in organic media without using any acid or base catalyst, and these were characterized by powder XRD patterns, SEM images, EDX analyses and IR spectroscopy.

Transition metal complexes with N, S donor ligands as synthetic antioxidants: synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity.

Transition metal complexes containing bidentate N, S donor ligands i.e., carvone thiosemicarbazone [(RS)-5-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one thiosemicarbazone (IPMCHTSC)] and carvone N(1)-phenylthiosemicarbazone [(RS)-5-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one phenylthiosemicarbazone (IPMCHPhTSC)] have been synthesized. All the metal complexes (1-8) have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurement and various spectral studies [infrared (IR), electronic, fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass and NMR (for ligands)] and thermogravimetric analysis. FAB mass spectroscopic studies of (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) (7), and (8) suggest their monomeric nature. Metal complexes are [M(LH)Cl(2)] and [M(LH)(2)Cl(2)] type, where M = Fe(III), Co(II), and Cu(II) and LH = IPMCHTSC and IPMCHPhTSC. The proposed geometries of the complexes were octahedral for 1:2 complexes, square planar for 1:1 complexes and distorted octahedral for Cu(II) complexes (1:2). The free radical scavenging activity of ligands (IPMCHTSC and IPMCHPhTSC) and their metal complexes have been determined at the concentration range of 10-400 µg/mL by means of their interaction with the stable free radical 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 5-200 µg/mL by 2,2'-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid. All the compounds have shown encouraging antioxidant activities.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of some mixed ligand complexes of Co(II) with thiosemicarbazones and N-protected amino acids.

The reaction of cobalt(II) chloride with a new class of thiosemicarbazones viz; cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienthiosemicarbazone(CDOTSC; L(1)H) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenethiosemicarbazone (DOTSC; L(2)H) and N-phthaloyl derivative of DL-glycine(A(1)H), L-alanine(A(2)H) or L-valine(A(3)H) in 1:1:1 molar ratio in dry refluxing ethanol have been studied. All the isolated complexes have the general composition [Co(L)(A)]. Tentative structures are proposed for these complexes based upon elemental analysis, electrical conductances, magnetic moment, molecular weight determination and spectral (IR, electronic) studies.The ligands and Co(II) complexes have been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against three bacterial strains S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and two fungal strains F. moniliformae and M. phaseolina. Attempts have been made to establish a correlation between the antibacterial and antifungal activity and the structures of products.