RESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ovulation induction agents on the ovarian surface epithelium in rats. Sixty adult females were randomly divided into six groups, each containing 10 rats. In four of these groups ovulation induction was applied with six cycles of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), recombinant FSH (rFSH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), respectively, followed by unilateral oophorectomy, and another six cycles of the same treatment. After a total of 12 cycles of ovulation induction, the remaining ovary was taken out and the alterations in ovarian surface epithelium were examined. No malignancies were observed on the ovarian surface epithelium of the rats that were given clomiphene citrate, rFSH or HMG as ovulation induction agents, while identification rates of histopathological parameters constituting epithelial dysplasia were found to be significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant dysplasia in the epithelium of the group which was given HCG only, relative to control groups. The findings suggest that the ovulation induction agents except for HCG bring about dysplasia in the ovarian surface epithelium. It is not clear whether these dysplasias are precursory lesions of ovarian malignancies.
Assuntos
Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/farmacologia , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Indução da Ovulação , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/efeitos adversos , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Clomifeno/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Menotropinas/farmacologia , Doenças Ovarianas/induzido quimicamente , Indução da Ovulação/efeitos adversos , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Distribuição Aleatória , RatosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and attitudes and behavior toward dysmenorrhea in the female students of an university toward this problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,266 female university students were anonymously surveyed by doctors. RESULTS: It was found that mean age of the surveyed students was 21.02+/-2.13 years, mean menarche age was 13.3+/-1.4 years, and menstruation frequency was 32.58+/-19.8 days. Of the students, 45.3% were found to suffer pain in each menstruation, 42.5% in some and 12.2% in none. Of those with primary dysmenorrhea, 66.9% were established to take analgesic drugs. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was found higher than that cited in the literature. It was established that although the rate of consultation with health professionals about menstruation and related changes was low, use of agents known to be effective in primary dysmenorrhea treatment was highly common.
