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This comprehensive review critically examines the UK medical curriculum, with a particular focus on progress testing as an innovative assessment strategy. The curriculum, evolving from foundational sciences to practical applications, is encapsulated in the integrated curriculum model (ICM). This model adeptly combines theoretical knowledge with clinical practice, fostering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills among medical students. Central to this review is an exploration of progress testing. This method, grounded in constructivist learning theories, emphasises continuous assessment and professional development. Progress testing's regular, comprehensive examinations are instrumental in guiding students through the progressive stages of competence, as outlined in Miller's pyramid, from foundational knowledge to clinical proficiency. The review also addresses the broader impacts of progress testing on teaching approaches, student feedback, academic and pastoral support, and quality assurance. By aligning with the dynamic requirements of 21st-century medical training, progress testing not only nurtures well-rounded professionals but also ensures compliance with regulatory bodies like the General Medical Council. Its emphasis on continuous evaluation aligns with the practical realities of a medical career, driving curricular innovation and aligning with regulatory standards. The implementation of progress testing marks a significant advancement in medical education. Its continuous, holistic nature benefits both students and educators, nurturing a more engaged learning attitude and meeting evolving medical needs. The adoption of this assessment strategy is seen as pivotal in shaping competent medical professionals, ready to face the challenges of modern medical practice.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare visual outcomes, complications, and vision-related quality of life (QoL) after microthin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (MT-DSAEK) versus Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for the management of corneal endothelial dysfunction in Fuchs dystrophy. METHODS: This is a prospective, double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with visually significant endothelial decompensation from Fuchs dystrophy were prospectively randomized to receive MT-DSAEK or DMEK surgery. The primary outcome was best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included refraction, keratometry, endothelial cell count, complications, and vision-related QoL at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 56 eyes of 56 patients were enrolled, 28 in each group. Postoperatively, LogMAR mean BSCVA in the MT-DSAEK group was 0.17 ± 0.08 and 0.11 ± 0.09 at 6 and 12 months compared with 0.09 ± 0.13 and 0.04 ± 0.13 after DMEK (P = 0.03, P = 0.002 respectively) with the DMEK cohort achieving 3.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution letters better BSCVA at 1 year compared with MT-DSAEK. Complication rates were similar with 3.5% rebubbling rate in both groups, 1 primary graft failure in DMEK and a single endothelial rejection in the MT-DSAEK arm. Vision-related QoL was comparable at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and no eyes demonstrated loss of vision from preoperative BSCVA. CONCLUSIONS: DMEK surgery resulted in significantly better BSCVA at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively compared with MT-DSAEK. Patient satisfaction was similar with no differences reported in vision-related QoL scores, as was the complications profile between groups. Thus, our results favor DMEK as the better choice procedure for eyes with Fuchs-related corneal decompensation without ocular comorbidities.
