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1.
Eur Eat Disord Rev ; 32(5): 917-929, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38708578

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The study investigated interpersonal distance in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), focussing on the role of other's facial expression and morphology, also assessing physiological and subjective responses. METHOD: Twenty-nine patients with AN and 30 controls (CTL) were exposed to virtual characters either with an angry, neutral, or happy facial expression or with an overweight, normal-weight, or underweight morphology presented either in the near or far space while we recorded electrodermal activity. Participants had to judge their preferred interpersonal distance with the characters and rated them in terms of valence and arousal. RESULTS: Unlike CTL, patients with AN exhibited heightened electrodermal activity for morphological stimuli only, when presented in the near space. They also preferred larger and smaller interpersonal distances with overweight and underweight characters respectively, although rating both negatively. Finally, and similar to CTL, they preferred larger interpersonal distance with angry than neutral or happy characters. DISCUSSION: Although patients with AN exhibited behavioural response to emotional stimuli similar to CTL, they lacked corresponding physiological response, indicating emotional blunting towards emotional social stimuli. Moreover, they showed distinct behavioural and physiological adjustments in response to body shape, confirming the specific emotional significance attached to body shape.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa , Emoções , Expressão Facial , Humanos , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Feminino , Adulto , Emoções/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Resposta Galvânica da Pele/fisiologia , Adolescente , Distância Psicológica
2.
Acta Paediatr ; 113(5): 992-998, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38229540

RESUMO

AIM: This work explores the experiences and meaning attributed by parents who underwent the decision-making process of withholding and/or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment for their newborn. METHODS: Audio-recorded face-to-face interviews were led and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eight families (seven mothers and five fathers) whose baby underwent withholding and/or withdrawing of life-sustaining treatment in three neonatal intensive care units from two regions in France were included. RESULTS: The findings reveal two paradoxes within the meaning-making process of parents: role ambivalence and choice ambiguity. We contend that these paradoxes, along with the need to mitigate uncertainty, form protective psychological mechanisms that enable parents to cope with the decision, maintain their parental identity and prevent decisional regret. CONCLUSION: Role ambivalence and choice ambiguity should be considered when shared decision-making in the neonatal intensive care unit. Recognising and addressing these paradoxical beliefs is essential for informing parent support practices and professional recommendations, as well as add to ethical discussions pertaining to parental autonomy and physicians' rapport to uncertainty.


Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Cuidados Paliativos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Suspensão de Tratamento , Tomada de Decisões , Pais/psicologia
3.
Psychogeriatrics ; 23(4): 650-656, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37143395

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Persons with dementia gradually disengage from daily activities, and therefore require increasing daily support. Caregivers face a dilemma as to whether they should encourage the persons with dementia in terms of initiative and autonomy, or supervise and take charge of tasks, which may cause distress for both parties. This study seeks to better understand how caregivers manage the disengagement of the persons with dementia and the repercussions on their caregiving experience. METHODS: A total of 217 caregivers participated. Their management behaviours and the characteristics of their caregiving experiences were assessed with questionnaires. A cluster analysis was first performed to identify possible profiles of management behaviours and comparison, which were then compared to identify the caregiving experience associated with each profile. RESULTS: The first cluster (25.8% of the sample) corresponds to caregivers with high negative control behaviour scores and high positive stimulation behaviour scores; the second cluster (43.8% of the sample) corresponds to caregivers with low positive stimulation behaviour scores and high negative control behaviour scores; and the third cluster (30.4% of the sample) corresponds to caregivers with low negative control behaviour scores and high positive stimulation behaviour scores. Caregivers in Clusters 2 and 3 differ in terms of anxiety, depression, burden, gratification, health and financial problems. Cluster 1 is an intermediate profile with similar characteristics to Cluster 3. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the idea of considering management behaviours to identify vulnerable caregivers and highlight the deleterious role of negative control behaviours, especially when they are not offset by positive protective stimulation behaviours.


Assuntos
Cuidadores , Demência , Humanos , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Ansiedade , Transtornos de Ansiedade
4.
Memory ; 31(5): 732-746, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36950753

RESUMO

The study examined the personal sense of identity in alcohol use disorder (AUD) through the relation between autobiographical memories and individuals' self-conception. The AUD detoxified patients and control participants were asked to create a list of self-statements to which they associated for the three main autobiographical memories illustrating them. The group variable was not associated with the number of positive self-statements, but it was associated with the number of negative self-statements. Furthermore, for the autobiographical memories cued by a positive self-statement, the group was related to the number of positive memories and general memories, while no relation was observed for the memories cued by a negative self-statement. Our results also support that AUD patients' memories cued by self-statements are older and more alcohol-related. Hierarchical regression analyses in the AUD patients demonstrated that the use of adaptive emotional regulation strategies was the only significant predictor of the use of positive or negative self-statements.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Regulação Emocional , Memória Episódica , Humanos , Emoções/fisiologia , Sinais (Psicologia) , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia
5.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 58(4): 436-441, 2023 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36951604

RESUMO

AIMS: Studies examining the use of specific emotion regulation (ER) strategies in patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) are mainly focused on intergroup comparisons to the detriment of intragroup variability. Yet, these patients are in fact characterized by emotional deficits of varying severity, and we seek to identify different patterns of ER strategies in people with AUD during their first year of abstinence. METHODS: Based on the ER strategies used by a large sample of patients with AUD, we applied cluster analysis to identify the existence of subgroups using distinct patterns of adaptive and nonadaptive strategies. To characterize these groups, we compared their clinical characteristics and then their emotional regulation strategies to those of control consumers. RESULTS: A first cluster, representing 61% of the sample, is constituted by individuals with high adaptive strategy scores and high nonadaptive strategy scores; a second cluster, representing 39% of the sample, corresponds to individuals with low adaptive strategy scores and high nonadaptive strategy scores. The individuals in these two clusters differed in terms of anxiety level and abstinence time. Compared with control consumers, the use of nonadaptive ER strategies remained lower for the two clusters, while the use of adaptative strategies differed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the idea of considering the heterogeneity of emotional capacities in individuals with AUD during the first year of abstinence. The identification of these profiles suggests either the existence of different adaptive ER capacities at baseline or a specific recovery of adaptive strategies over this period.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Regulação Emocional , Humanos , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Análise por Conglomerados , Abstinência de Álcool
6.
Child Abuse Negl ; 132: 105815, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35914329

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Childhood trauma (physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or physical and emotional neglect) represents a specific risk for developmental perturbations and long-term negative outcomes. Adolescents and young adults with childhood trauma have rarely experienced a single type of traumatic event but rather multiple traumatic experiences. However, studies on adolescent PTSD are sparse. This study examines the possible mediating role of mentalizing, cognitive and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies between multiple types of childhood trauma exposure and PTSD in adolescents and young adults. METHODS: The sample consisted of 456 adolescents and young adults aged 15 and 25, recruited from four high schools and one university. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing childhood trauma, mentalizing, cognitive and interpersonal strategies of emotion regulation and PTSD. RESULTS: Structural Equation Modeling revealed that multiple types of childhood trauma exposure have a significant indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through its association with hypomentalizing and maladaptive cognitive strategies of emotion regulation (i.e. self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing). Results also showed a significant indirect effect between multiple types of childhood trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms through its association with hypomentalizing and maladaptive interpersonal strategies of emotion regulation (i.e. emotional reactivity and tendency to avoid emotional connection). Indirect paths were also run in reverse to control for the direction of the effect. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that exposure to multiple types of childhood trauma contributes to severe PTSD through several complex pathways including both hypomentalizing and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in adolescence and young adulthood.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Regulação Emocional , Mentalização , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Emoções , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
7.
PLoS One ; 17(6): e0268818, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35675301

RESUMO

While a deficit in the recognition of facial expression has been demonstrated in persons with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), few studies have investigated how individuals with ASPD produce their own emotional facial expressions. This study examines the production of facial emotional expressions of male inpatients with ASPD in a forensic hospital compared with a control group as they retrieve autobiographical memories. This design constitutes a specific ecological experimental approach fostering the evocation of personal feelings. Two indicators characterizing the activation of facial expression were used: activation of emotional action units and emotional dominance. The results showed that individuals with ASPD 1) activated angrier facial expressions than control participants for both indicators, 2) displayed a higher dominance of angry facial expressions during the retrieval of positive self-defining memories than control participants and 3) recalled significant memories that were less associated with neutral facial states than the control sample, regardless of the valence of their memories. These findings highlight the core role of anger in ASPD and the possible development of pathological anger, which would distinguish trajectories toward anxious or mood disorders and trajectories characterized by external disorders.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial , Expressão Facial , Ira , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia
8.
Infancy ; 27(3): 582-608, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35170196

RESUMO

Mother-infant synchrony is one of the most important processes in the development of socio-affective competencies in children. While maternal abilities and psychopathology are related to maladaptive mother-infant synchrony, it is as yet unclear how maternal emotion regulation difficulties contribute to it. Based on a panel of behavioral indicators (i.e., gaze, vocal, and motor), the present study examined mother-infant synchrony at 6 months of age in a modified version of Ainsworth's Strange Situation (n = 72 dyads). Mother-infant interaction sequences were characterized by indicators of complexity (LZ complexity of joint behavioral sequences) and of synchronization quality (cross-recurrence plot quantification). Results showed that mothers' touch was greater in the reunion condition than in the initial condition. Mothers' motor behaviors were associated with the global levels of infants' behavioral involvement in the reunion condition, unlike the symmetrical influence observed between mothers and infants in the initial condition. Results show that maternal anxiety mediates the relationships between mothers' emotion regulation difficulties and gaze, vocal, and motor synchrony between mothers and infants in the initial and reunion conditions. This study emphasizes the central role of maternal emotion regulation difficulties in the establishment of maladaptive synchrony and in the adjustments of maternal physical contacts with infants.


Assuntos
Regulação Emocional , Mães , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Comportamento do Lactente/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Mães/psicologia
9.
Crisis ; 43(5): 361-367, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33890827

RESUMO

Background: Suicide in prison is a major problem and several risk factors have been identified in the literature (e.g., period of incarceration, depressive disorders). Aims: The study examined the impact of several risk factors for suicide attempts before and during incarceration using life trajectory analysis of inmates by interviews with informants. Method: The lifetime of inmates with a history of suicide attempts (ISA; n = 20) or without (IWSA; n = 29) was recounted on a life chart according to four main domains (health, life events, relationships, and judiciary domain) organized in two different periods (predetention and current detention). Life charts were compared between the two groups and a predictive model of suicide risk was constructed using logistic regression and receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Before detention, more depressive experiences were observed in ISA than in IWSA, and ISA reported more behavioral disorders than IWSA during current detention. Moreover, the total burden for ISA was greater than that for IWSA. The predictive model identified three dimensions for differentiating ISA from IWSA: mood disorders before detention, behavioral disorders, and the quality of relationships with nuclear family during detention. Limitations: Interviews with inmates would have been informative. Conclusion: The accumulation of life events and behavioral manifestations should be incorporated in the developmental trajectory as a therapeutic model regarding suicide in prison.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Prisioneiros , Humanos , Tentativa de Suicídio , Prisões , Fatores de Risco
10.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult ; 29(6): 1587-1594, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33761295

RESUMO

The own-age bias refers to the observation that face recognition is typically superior for own-age faces compared with other-age faces. We investigated this bias in Korsakoff patients, as well as its relationship with social contact and episodic memory. Korsakoff patients and age-matched controls were exposed to older faces (own-age faces) and younger faces (other-age faces). In the recognition phase, they were invited to decide whether faces had been exposed in the encoding phase or not. Results revealed an own-age bias in control participants (i.e., high recognition of older than for younger faces), but not in Korsakoff patients (i.e., similar recognition of older and younger faces). Furthermore, both Korsakoff's syndrome and controls reported more social contact with old than with young individuals. Recognition of younger and older faces in Korsakoff patients was significantly correlated with episodic performance but not with social contact with younger and older people. We conclude that the lack of own-age bias in Korsakoff's syndrome is related rather to compromise of episodic memory than to diminished social contact with younger adults.


Assuntos
Reconhecimento Facial , Síndrome de Korsakoff , Memória Episódica , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Reconhecimento Psicológico
11.
PLoS One ; 16(9): e0256959, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34506532

RESUMO

The reduced specificity of positive and negative autobiographical memories observed in anorexic (AN) patients may reflect a global disturbance in their emotional information processing. However, their emotional difficulties may differ according to the subtype of AN, implying possible differences in the manifestation of autobiographical memory impairments. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the autobiographical memory deficits in AN patients in terms of specificity and wealth of memories, and (2) to compare autobiographical deficits according to the AN subtype: restrictive type (AR) or binge/purging type (AB). Ninety-five non-clinical (NC) individuals and 95 AN patients including 69 AR and 22 AB patients were administered the Williams' and Scott's Autobiographical Memory Test. The results confirmed a lack of specificity regardless of emotional valence in the overall AN patient group without any distinction of subtype, which was linked to the number of hospitalizations. When the AN subtype was considered, AR patients demonstrated reduced specificity for negative memories only, suggesting differences in emotional functioning or in the mechanisms underlying reduced specificity between AR and AB patients. Furthermore, the overall AN group demonstrated lower variability and complexity in their memory content than the NC group. However, this difference in the complexity of recalled memories was only found in response to negative cues. When AN subtypes were considered, AR patients showed fewer complex memories than NC individuals. Beyond a reduced specificity, AN patients also depict a poverty in the range of event recall and a difficulty in developing narrative content. The clinical implications of such autobiographical memory deficits need to be further investigated.


Assuntos
Anorexia/psicologia , Emoções , Memória Episódica , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Scand J Psychol ; 62(5): 763-773, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34180071

RESUMO

Sexual satisfaction is the most frequently studied sexual component of human sexuality related to its link with relationship satisfaction and stability (S. Sprecher & R. M. Cate, 2004. The handbook of sexuality in close relationships, pp. 235-256. Mahwah, NJ: Taylor & Francis). Previous studies have shown that sexual satisfaction is affected by personal, interpersonal, social and cultural variables, but few studies have considered the associations between these variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate a complex model of sexual satisfaction considering these various levels of variables and their associations. The study was conducted online and comprised 457 individuals in the final sample. The French version of the index of sexual satisfaction evaluated the level of sexual dissatisfaction. Personal, interpersonal, social and cultural variables were assessed with questionnaires and their associations were investigated with the partial least squares-path method. The association between dyadic coping (positive and negative) and sexual dissatisfaction was mediated by relationship satisfaction. The model also showed three sequential mediations through dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: first between intra-individual vulnerability and sexual dissatisfaction, second between intra-individual resources and sexual dissatisfaction, and third between conjugal characteristics and sexual dissatisfaction. The simple and sequential mediations were stronger for positive dyadic coping. The relationship between intra-individual resources and positive dyadic coping was significantly stronger in women, while the relationship between conjugal characteristics and positive dyadic coping was stronger in men. Dyadic coping plays a key role in sexual dissatisfaction. Clinical interventions should reinforce positive self-image (particularly in women), support emotional and physical vulnerabilities, and promote more supportive dyadic coping (particularly in men in a long-term relationship).


Assuntos
Heterossexualidade , Relações Interpessoais , Adaptação Psicológica , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Satisfação Pessoal , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Psychiatry Res ; 300: 113921, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33836474

RESUMO

Mind-wandering refers to the intentional and unintentional tendency to withdraw from the external environment and engage in internally generated thoughts. We investigated intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). We invited 31 patients with KS and 33 control participants to answer a questionnaire probing intentional and unintentional mind-wandering. Analysis demonstrated higher intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with KS than in controls. However, no significant differences were observed between intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with KS or in controls. Significant positive correlations were observed between intentional and unintentional mind-wandering and depression in patients with KS but not with cognitive controls. Our results demonstrate a high intentional and unintentional tendency in patients with KS to shift attention away from the external environment to internal thoughts/feelings that are unrelated to the ongoing task. This tendency may be associated with the activation of negative thoughts/beliefs, as observed in depression.


Assuntos
Intenção , Síndrome de Korsakoff , Atenção , Humanos , Síndrome de Korsakoff/diagnóstico por imagem
14.
Cogn Neuropsychiatry ; 26(2): 136-148, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33563089

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS. METHOD: We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.e., lower ability to retrieve memories situated in a specific time and space), mental time travel, and importance in patients with KS compared to control participants. Analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between patients with KS and control participants regarding emotion. Critically, analysis demonstrated no significant differences neither women and men with KS, nor between women and men in the control group, regarding autobiographical specificity, mental time travel, or importance. However, women with KS attributed higher emotional value for memories compared to men with KS, and the same results were observed in the control group. DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that the higher emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval, as observed in the general population, can also be observed in KS.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Korsakoff , Memória Episódica , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Rememoração Mental
15.
J Health Psychol ; 26(12): 2118-2130, 2021 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32003234

RESUMO

This study examined the association between emotional eating, emotion dysregulations, and interoceptive sensibility in 116 patients with obesity by distinguishing an "awareness" and a "reliance" component of interoceptive sensibility. Deficits in interoceptive awareness were only associated with more emotional eating in obesity through less interoceptive reliance and more emotion dysregulations. The results suggest that good interoceptive awareness can increase the risk of emotional eating if not supported by good interoceptive reliance. Interoceptive reliance, like the ability to trust, positively consider, and positively use inner sensations, should be a privileged target of psychotherapeutic interventions in obesity.


Assuntos
Interocepção , Adulto , Conscientização , Emoções , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Obesidade , Sensação , Confiança
16.
Addict Behav ; 114: 106652, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33143943

RESUMO

The study aimed to assess whether abstinent individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) would benefit from enhanced emotional regulation (ER) strategies using the affect regulation training (ART) program based on weekly sessions comprising psycho-education, muscle and respiratory relaxation, awareness, acceptance and tolerance, compassionate personal support, emotion analysis and modification. Seventy-two participants with AUD benefited from ART and were compared on their ER ability, mindfulness, and their experience of abstinence to 40 participants not receiving the program, before it, at the end, and 6 months after. Improvements in ER were observed, particularly in positive centration, action centration or self-blame and in mindfulness abilities after the program and six months later. In addition, by comparing participants who received the program with a short (<18 months) or long (>18 months) abstinence duration, the results showed a greater decrease in the use of non-adaptive strategies, a greater increase in adaptive strategies and mindfulness abilities in short-term abstinent individuals. These results demonstrate improvement in ER skills after training in people who were abstinent from alcohol. ART is effective for consolidating abstinence and should be used especially at the beginning of withdrawal to promote the rapid implementation of new ER strategies.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Regulação Emocional , Atenção Plena , Abstinência de Álcool , Alcoolismo/terapia , Humanos , Projetos Piloto
17.
Memory ; 28(9): 1123-1135, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32928041

RESUMO

Early aversive events are key factors in the development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and are known to impact the ability to produce specific autobiographical memories and to modify self-construction. The present study assessed identity construction in forensic inpatients suffering from ASPD by comparing the characteristics (specificity, integration, valence, topic and period) of self-defining memories (SDM) of persons with ASPD hospitalised in a forensic hospital to those of control participants. Offenders with ASPD had difficulty in retrieving purely specific single events and tended to recall memories comprising multiple events. In addition, they produced significantly less meaning-making from their past experiences (low integration). These characteristics of SDM could be due to a defensive process used by offenders with ASPD in which they do not integrate aversive experiences, thereby creating a vicious circle where maladjustment of their personality is maintained.


Assuntos
Criminosos , Memória Episódica , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial , Humanos , Rememoração Mental
18.
Clin Obes ; 10(5): e12388, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32633060

RESUMO

Emotion dys-regulation is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of emotional eating (EE), notably through its links with anxious and depressive symptoms. AIM: The aims of the study were to: (a) examine the mediating effect of depressive and anxious symptoms on the relationship between emotion dys-regulation and EE in obesity and (b) compare those links with various degrees of obesity severity. One hundred and twenty patients with obesity, including 60 with "n" (MO) (30 ≤ BMI < 40) and 60 with "severe obesity" (SO) (BMI > 40), completed self-report measures of emotion dys-regulation, depression, anxiety and EE. Partial least square structural equation modelling and multi-group analyses were performed. Emotion dys-regulation was found to be significantly associated with EE only when the severity of obesity was taken into account. In addition, although the MO and SO groups reported similar levels of emotional and eating disorders, significant differences were found between the groups in pathways leading to EE. In MO, emotion dys-regulation was only associated with more EE through more anxiety. In SO, emotion dys-regulation was both directly and indirectly associated with more EE, but only through more depression in the latter. Emotion dys-regulation, anxiety and depression do not have the same impact on EE depending on the severity of obesity. Psychotherapeutic interventions should aim at reducing emotion dys-regulation in obesity from MO onwards, but the focus should be on the management of anxiety-related affects in MO and depression-related affects in SO.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/complicações , Depressão/complicações , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Regulação Emocional , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários
19.
Biol Psychol ; 154: 107908, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32454080

RESUMO

This study examined the effects of attachment styles on physiological responses during a perspective-taking task. Sixty-eight participants were selected according to attachment styles. Physiological responses were assessed using skin conductance responses (SCRs) in the three attachment groups (secure, insecure-anxious and insecure-avoidant) during the presentation of attachment-based pictures (distress, comfort or neutral) in two different perspective-taking conditions: self perspective-taking (i.e. imagine how you would feel in the given situation) or other perspective-taking (i.e. imagine how that person could feel in this situation). In the self perspective-taking condition, insecure-anxious individuals displayed higher SCRs than secure individuals for distress pictures. In the other perspective-taking condition, insecure-anxious individuals showed higher SCRs than secure individuals for comfort pictures. The results also showed a strong negative association between self-reported perspective-taking tendencies and SCRs in secure individuals. The findings suggest that perspective-taking plays an important role in the modulation of physiological responses in reaction to attachment-related pictures, which varies according to attachment styles.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Resposta Galvânica da Pele/fisiologia , Apego ao Objeto , Ansiedade , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Autorrelato , Adulto Jovem
20.
Scand J Psychol ; 61(4): 574-581, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32314376

RESUMO

This study explored self-regulatory efforts during the viewing of couple interactions and their association with relationship satisfaction. High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was measured for each participant during a video recall of a recent couple interaction to quantify the self-regulatory processes governed by parasympathetic activity. Among 30 couples, HF-HRV was measured continuously during three specific periods to explore its change over time using a video-recall procedure: (1) resting state; (2) viewing of couple interactions (expressing daily life situations and conflictual interactions); and (3) recovery. Results of multilevel models revealed a u-shaped pattern of HF-HRV responses for men and women across the three periods with a nadir at the midway through the process. This pattern of physiological change (vagal suppression) reflects a flexible response to a stressful situation. Nevertheless, the pattern of physiological responses varied according to the level of relationship satisfaction. Men who were more satisfied in their couple relationship presented greater vagal suppression than dissatisfied men. In contrast, no significant HF-HRV changes were found in women over the different periods of the video-recall procedure and no moderating effect of relationship satisfaction. We discuss the different patterns of physiological responses observed both for men and women in terms of interindividual variability according to the level of their relationship satisfaction. The present study highlights the important role of relationship satisfaction in regulatory processes.


Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Casamento/psicologia , Satisfação Pessoal , Autocontrole , Adolescente , Adulto , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
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