Fludarabine Melphalan, Reduced-dose Busulfan Versus Fludarabine, Melphalan, Full-dose Busulfan in Patients Receiving Cord Blood Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Various reduced-intensity conditioning/reduced-toxicity conditioning regimens have been developed for patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The balance between disease relapse and toxicity can be partly dependent on reduced-intensity conditioning/reduced-toxicity conditioning regimens. This retrospective study aimed to compare the nonrelapse mortality, relapse incidence, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates between the fludarabine/melphalan/reduced-dose busulfan (Flu/Mel/Bu2; busulfan at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg intravenously) and fludarabine/melphalan/full-dose busulfan (Flu/Mel/Bu4; busulfan at a dose of 12.8 mg/kg intravenously) regimens in patients receiving umbilical cord blood transplantation. METHOD: Eighty-seven adult patients who received the Flu/Mel/Bu2 (n = 45) or Flu/Mel/Bu4 (n = 42) regimen as a conditioning regimen before umbilical cord blood transplantation at our institution between January 2013 and December 2022 were included in this study. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in terms of clinical outcomes including nonrelapse mortality, relapse incidence, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates between the two regimens. Further, even in higher-risk patients classified according to the Refined Disease Risk Index, the Flu/Mel/Bu2 regimen was comparable to the Flu/Mel/Bu4 regimen. CONCLUSION: The novel Flu/Mel/Bu2 regimen could be applied in clinical settings as it can be tolerated and effective in older patients.

Clinicopathological differences in MYC and BCL2 protein expression between primary extranodal and nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) exhibits clinical, genetic, and immunohistochemical heterogeneity. However, the differences between primary extranodal or nodal DLBCL and double-expressor lymphoma (DEL), which is characterized by high MYC and BCL2 expression, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological features, response to therapy, and clinical outcomes of primary extranodal (n=61) and nodal (n=128) DLBCL. Patients with primary nodal DLBCL had higher BCL2 expression than those with extranodal DLBCL (p=0.048), with high MYC expression and DEL as poor prognostic factors. Conversely, in patients with primary extranodal DLBCL, high BCL2 expression, low BCL6 expression, non-germinal center B-cell-like type, and DEL indicated poor prognosis. DEL was significantly associated with progression free survival and overall survival in patients with primary extranodal DLBCL (p=0.014 and p=0.021, respectively) but not in patients with primary nodal DLBCL (p=0.37 and p=0.084, respectively). Our findings highlight primary extranodal DEL as a strong adverse prognostic factor in DLBCL.

[Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during durvalumab monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer].

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced thrombocytopenias are rare immune-related adverse events (irAE), but ICI-related thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is extremely rare. A 79-year-old woman with non-small cell lung cancer received maintenance therapy with the anti-human PD-L1 monoclonal antibody durvalumab. Four weeks after the last infusion, she developed overt TTP. Remission was achieved by plasma exchange and prednisolone, and the patient has now been recurrence-free for over 12 months. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TTP occurring as an irAE of durvalumab.

Influence of FOXP3 single-nucleotide polymorphism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The impact of FOXP3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between a FOXP3 SNP (rs3761548) and clinical outcomes in 91 patients with hematological malignancies after allo-HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that risk of severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was significantly higher in patients with the FOXP3-3279C/A or FOXP3-3279A/A genotype than those with the FOXP3-3279C/C genotype [hazard ratio (HR), 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-6.31; p = 0.023]. Therefore, FOXP3 at SNP rs3761548 can be a useful marker for predicting the occurrence of severe cGVHD.