Swimming training and caffeine supplementation protects against metabolic syndrome-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and cognitive deficits in rats.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disorder that increasingly affects the world population, mainly because of changes in lifestyle and dietary habits. In this regard, both physical exercise and caffeine are low-cost and easily accessible therapies that separately have shown positive effects against metabolic disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that physical exercise combined with caffeine could have a synergistic effect in the treatment of MS, risk factors, and cognitive deficits. Animals were divided into 8 groups and received fructose (15% w/v) or vehicle for 10 weeks. Swimming training and caffeine (6 mg/kg) started 4 weeks after fructose administration. Trained animals presented decreased body weight and visceral fat mass and increased soleus weight compared with untrained fructose-treated animals. Caffeine supplementation also prevented the gain of visceral fat mass induced by fructose. Furthermore, both treatments reversed fructose-induced decrease in glucose clearance over time and fructose-induced increase in 4-hydroxynonenal and nuclear factor-κB immunoreactivity. Physical training also improved the lipidic profile in fructose-treated animals (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides), improved short-term, long-term, and localization memory, and reversed the fructose-induced deficit in short-term memory. Physical training also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 immunoreactivity per se. Considering that physical training and caffeine reversed some of the damages induced by fructose it is plausible to consider these treatments as alternative, nonpharmacological, and low-cost therapies to help reduce MS-associated risk factors; however, combined treatments did not show additive effects as hypothesized.

Changes in bacterial communities induced by integrated production systems and the phenological stages of soybean.

Plant development and productivity depend on interactions with soil microorganisms for nutrient availability, promotion of growth and protection against phytopathogens. Although the influence of the phenological stages of soybean crops and their environmental conditions on the soil bacterial communities have already been reported, no studies have focused on the influence of integrated agrosilvopastoral systems on bacterial consortia. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the phenological stages of soybean cultivated under conventional full sunlight (CFS) and integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and in bulk soil using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota were the most abundant phyla in both the rhizosphere and the bulk soil at all growth stages. The results support our hypotheses that the richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities are influenced by different cultivation systems, and that the structure of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and the bulk soil are modulated by the phenological stages of the soybean crop.

Conservative smile enhancement: a case report and brief review on multidisciplinary approach in aesthetic dentistry / Tratamento conservador de sorriso: um relato de caso e breve revisão sobre abordagem multidiscplinar na odontologia estética

ABSTRACT The gingival contour, the color of the teeth and the presence of interincisal diastema are seen as unsightly factors, being highly harmful from a social point of view. The present study aimed to report a comprehensive and conservative esthetic treatment executed with a multidisciplinary approach in a 20-year-old female patient that presented darkened teeth with poor spacing and excessive gingival display while smiling, as well as present a brief literature review on multidisciplinary approach in esthetic dentistry. After clinical examination and diagnosis, a treatment plan was elaborated to meet the patient's expectations with a conservative approach. After patient consent, therapy began with supervised home-based tooth whitening with 22% carbamide peroxide applied one hour/daily for 14 days, followed with gingival recontouring surgery and, after a healing period of 30 days, diastemas closure with direct composite resin technique, occlusal adjustment, finishing, and polishing. The multidisciplinary approach was fundamental for the accomplishment of the proposed treatment, achieving satisfactory esthetic and functional results.

RESUMO O contorno gengival, a cor dos dentes e a presença de diastemas interincisivos são vistos como fatores antiestéticos, sendo altamente prejudicial do ponto de vista social. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar um tratamento estético conservador executado com abordagem multidisciplinar em uma paciente do sexo feminino de 20 anos que apresentava dentes escurecidos com pouco espaçamento e exposição gengival excessiva ao sorrir, bem como apresentar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre à abordagem multidisciplinar em odontologia estética. Após exame clínico e diagnóstico, foi elaborado um plano de tratamento para atender as expectativas do paciente com abordagem conservadora. Após consentimento do paciente, foi iniciada o clareamento dental supervisionado com peróxido de carbamida 22% aplicado uma hora/dia por 14 dias, seguido de cirurgia de recontorno gengival e, após um período de cicatrização de 30 dias, fechamento de diastemas com técnica de resina composta direta. Neste caso, a abordagem multidisciplinar foi fundamental para a realização do tratamento proposto, alcançando resultados estéticos e funcionais satisfatórios.

Physical Exercise as a Modulator of Vascular Pathology and Thrombin Generation to Improve Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and occurrence of coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have important implications for multiple secondary injury processes. Given the extent of post-traumatic changes in neuronal function, significant alterations in some targets, such thrombin (a protease that plays a physiological role in maintaining blood coagulation), play an important role in TBI-induced pathophysiology. Despite the magnitude of thrombin in synaptic plasticity being concentration-dependent, the mechanisms underlying TBI have not been fully elucidated. The understanding of this post-injury neurovascular dysregulation is essential to establish scientific-based rehabilitative strategies. One of these strategies may be supporting physical exercise, considering its relevance in reducing damage after a TBI. However, there are caveats to consider when interpreting the effect of physical exercise on neurovascular dysregulation after TBI. To complete this picture, this review will describe how the interactions established between blood-borne factors (such as thrombin) and physical exercise alter the TBI pathophysiology.

Evasion of the complement system by Leishmania through the uptake of factor H, a complement regulatory protein.

Escaping the complement system is an important step in the establishment of infections. Some pathogens have acquired the ability to inactivate the complement system to ensure successful infection. This has been observed in parasites from the genus Leishmania, which inactivate C3b molecules deposited on their surface through the membrane protease GP63. In the present study, we describe a new mechanism that also acts through C3b inactivation. This mechanism involves the binding of the complement regulatory molecule factor H from serum. Factor H signals a plasma protease (factor I) to inactivate C3b molecules deposited on the surface of the parasites. According to our results, Leishmania infantum, L. amazonensis, and L. braziliensis recruit factor H from human serum. The absorption of factor H by L. infantum was studied in detail to better understand how it works. L. infantum binds factor H from human serum and factor H-like proteins from dog serum. When exposed to purified factor H, promastigotes bind this regulatory molecule and inactivate C3b in the presence of factor I. This indicates the existence of an as yet unidentified factor H-binding outer surface molecule functioning as a receptor. The two mechanisms (GP63 and factor H binding) work independently, as Leishmania promastigotes with inhibited GP63 can easily inactivate C3b molecules on the surface of the parasite. The identification of the factor H receptor could lead to the development of a vaccine target for leishmaniasis control, as blocking antibodies to factor H binding could impair the mechanism of C3b inactivation, making the parasite more susceptible to the complement system.

Secretory breast carcinoma in a male child: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: The secretory breast carcinoma is very rare in children. It represents less than 1% of malignancy cases in childhood and is even less common in males, with 15 cases reported until 2004. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report a male child with breast carcinoma and review literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 14-year-old male patient with a history of a painless slow-growing lump in the left breast and, five years later, onset of yellow discharge from the papilla. Ultrasound scanning demonstrated a well- defined, regular, homogeneous and hypoechoic mass. Nodule excision was initially performed, followed by mastectomy, due to compromised radial margin. Immunohistochemistry revealed weakly positive estrogen and progesterone receptors. Adjuvant therapy was not required. Sixteen months after resection, the patient is well with no complaints or recurrence. DISCUSSION: Due to its rarity, there is no therapeutic guideline. Although the recommended treatment is still surgical excision, there is no consensus as to its extent. Prognosis is usually favorable. Our patient was submitted to mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy due to compromised radial margin. CONCLUSION: Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare form of breast cancer, especially in male children; which hampers standardization of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis establishment.

Dificuldades na aprendizagem escolar, atraso motor e prática de atividade física: revisão sistemática / Difficulties in school learning, motor delay and the practice of physical activity: a systematic review

O processo humano do aprendizado é marcado pelo dinamismo e complexidade, estruturado a partir do ato motor e da percepção, dando origem à cognição. Contudo, a influência da prática de atividade física e das aulas de educação física no desenvolvimento da função cognitiva ainda não são consenso entre os pesquisadores. Sendo assim, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se crianças com problemas na aprendizagem escolar apresentam maior atraso motor e se a prática de atividade física contribui para melhora do processo cognitivo de aprendizagem. Foram selecionados neste estudo 8 artigos que investigaram (n=835) escolares de 6 a 12 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que a dificuldade na aprendizagem escolar está relacionada ao maior atraso motor e que grupos que participaram de atividades físicas e das aulas de educação física melhoraram o desempenho das funções cognitivas de aprendizagem. Portanto, torna-se fundamental a prática de atividade física e a participação das aulas de educação física, devido sua contribuição no processo de fortalecimento do desenvolvimento infantil.

Human learning is marked by dynamism and complexity. It is structured from the human motor skills and perception, and thus originating cognition. However, there is no agreement among researchers on the influence of physical activity and physical education classes on the development of cognitive function. Therefore, this work aims at verifying if schoolchildren with learning disabilities present greater human motor delay and if physical activity contributes towards a better cognitive leaning process. Moreover, this study also aims at verifying if physical activity improves cognitive learning. In this study, a total of eight (8) journal articles were chosen, which investigated (n=835) students aged from 6 to 12 years old. The results showed that learning disability is related to a higher human motor delay. It also demonstrated that groups which participated in physical activities and in physical education classes presented better human motor skills and better performance of the cognitive functions in learning. Thus, it can be concluded that physical activity and physical education classes play an important role on the progress of children development.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Functional results in rotator cuff arthropathy.

Objective To evaluate the functional results of patients submitted to reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of rotator cuff arthropathy refractory to conservative treatment. Methods A retrospective study of 20 patients (21 shoulders), 17 women (81%) and 3 men (19%), underwent a reverse shoulder arthroplasty between October 2012 and September 2017, for a rotator cuff arthropathy treatment, operated by a single surgeon in a single center. The patients were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, the Short-Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain rating, and the University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) score. The mean age at surgery was of 66 years old (range: 55 to 83 years old). The duration of symptoms before surgery was of ∼ 2.5 years (range: 12 months to 6 years). The mean follow-up was of 42.4 months (range: 19 to 56.7 months). Results The mean postoperative scores were 18.2 points in DASH; 2 points in EVA, of which 16 (77%) corresponded to mild pain, 4 (18%) to moderate pain, and 1 (5%) to severe pain; 29 points in UCLA, of which 6 patients presented a regular result (28%), 10 patients a good result (48%), and 5 patients an excellent result (24%); and 63 points in the SF-36. The complications were four cases of notching, one case of acromial fracture due to stress, and one case of postoperative infection. Conclusions Reverse arthroplasty of the shoulder presents good functional results in the evaluated scores, providing a significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Functional results in rotator cuff arthropathy / Artroplastia reversa de ombro: Resultados funcionais na artropatia do manguito

Abstract Objective To evaluate the functional results of patients submitted to reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of rotator cuff arthropathy refractory to conservative treatment. Methods A retrospective study of 20 patients (21 shoulders), 17 women (81%) and 3 men (19%), underwent a reverse shoulder arthroplasty between October 2012 and September 2017, for a rotator cuff arthropathy treatment, operated by a single surgeon in a single center. The patients were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, the Short-Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain rating, and the University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) score. The mean age at surgery was of 66 years old (range: 55 to 83 years old). The duration of symptoms before surgery was of ∼ 2.5 years (range: 12 months to 6 years). The mean follow-up was of 42.4 months (range: 19 to 56.7 months). Results The mean postoperative scores were 18.2 points in DASH; 2 points in EVA, of which 16 (77%) corresponded to mild pain, 4 (18%) to moderate pain, and 1 (5%) to severe pain; 29 points in UCLA, of which 6 patients presented a regular result (28%), 10 patients a good result (48%), and 5 patients an excellent result (24%); and 63 points in the SF-36. The complications were four cases of notching, one case of acromial fracture due to stress, and one case of postoperative infection. Conclusions Reverse arthroplasty of the shoulder presents good functional results in the evaluated scores, providing a significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os resultados funcionais dos pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa de ombro, para tratamento da artropatia do manguito refratária a tratamento conservador. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 20 pacientes (21 ombros), 17 mulheres (81%) e 3 homens (19%), submetidos a artroplastia reversa de ombro no período de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2017, para tratamento de artropatia de manguito rotador, operados por um único cirurgião em um único centro. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de disfunções do braço, ombro e mão (DASH, na sigla em inglês), pelo questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida SF-36 (SF-36), pela escala visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo escore da Universidade de Los Angeles - Califórnia (UCLA, na sigla em inglês). A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 66 anos (variação de 55 a 83 anos). O tempo de sintomas antes da realização da cirurgia foi de ∼ 2,5 anos (variação de 12 meses a 6 anos). O seguimento médio foi de 42,4 meses (variação de 19 a 56,7 meses). Resultados A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de 18,2 pontos no DASH; de 2 pontos na EVA, sendo 16 (77%) de dores leves, 4 (18%) de dores moderadas e 1 (5%) de dor intensa; de 29 pontos no UCLA, sendo 6 pacientes com resultado regular (28%), 10 pacientes com resultado bom (48%), e 5 pacientes com resultado excelente (24%); e de 63 pontos no SF-36. Tivemos como complicações quatro casos de notching, um caso de fratura de acrômio por estresse, e um caso de infecção pós-operatória. Conclusões A artroplastia reversa do ombro apresenta bons resultados funcionais nos escores avaliados, propiciando melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

How Lutzomyia longipalpis deals with the complement system present in the ingested blood: The role of soluble inhibitors and the adsorption of factor H by midgut.

Complement inhibitors are present in all hematophagous arthropods. Lutzomyia longipalpis is an important vector of Leishmania infantum, the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. Studies with this vector identified complement inhibitors and respective inhibitory mechanisms. Despite the studies conducted with L. longipalpis, there is a gap in the knowledge about what happens in vivo with the complement present in the blood ingested. The experiments reported here show that the soluble inhibitor present in the intestinal lumen can act on the classical pathway of the human complement system by inhibiting the cascade soon after the activation of the C4 component. This means that this inhibitor can inhibit both the classical and lectin pathways. In the absence of salivary or gut inhibitors, the intestinal epithelium can activate the alternative pathway. At the same time, it can activate the lectin and the classical pathways by binding of MBL as well as by an antibody-independent C1 deposition mechanism. Without the salivary and intestinal inhibitors, the sand fly midgut epithelium may be more susceptible to complement attack as indicated by the C9/C3 deposition ratio when compared with intestines after a blood feed on a human host. In L. longipalpis, most of the C3 molecules present inside the midgut after a blood meal are found in their native form (not activated C3) or are present as iC3b (its inactivated form). C3b inactivation to iC3b, on the intestinal surface, is probably performed by a mechanism involving the uptake of factor H by the intestinal epithelium. Factor H is a negative complement regulator present in the plasma. Collectively, these results indicate how the complement inhibitors are necessary for a successful hematophagy in a sand fly model.

Corrosion of One-Step Superhydrophobic Stainless-Steel Thermal Spray Coatings.

As most superhydrophobic coatings are made of soft materials, the need for harder, more robust films is evident in applications where erosional degradation is of concern. The work herein describes a methodology to produce superhydrophobic stainless-steel thermal spray coatings using the high-velocity oxygen fuel technique. Due to the use of a kerosene fuel source, a carbon-rich film is formed on the surface of the thermal spray coatings, lowering the surface energy of the high-energy metallic substrates. The thermal spray process generates a hierarchical micro-/sub-micro-structure that is needed to sustain superhydrophobicity. The effect of spray parameters such as particle velocity and temperature on the coating's hydrophobicity state was explored, and a high particle velocity was shown to cause superhydrophobic characteristics. The coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static water contact angle measurements, water droplet roll-off measurements, and water droplet bouncing tests. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was studied using potentiodynamic polarization measurements in order to correlate water repellency with corrosion resistance; however, all coatings demonstrated active corrosion without passivation. This study describes an interesting phenomenon where superhydrophobicity does not guarantee corrosion resistance and discusses alternative applications for such materials.

ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS: OUTCOMES IN 104 CASES OF A SINGLE INSTITUTION.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery for lateral epicondylitis (LE), after failed conservative treatment. METHODS: One hundred four patients with LE treated with arthroscopic debridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were evaluated using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scale. Mean age at surgery was 46.9 years. Duration of symptoms was 2.1 years (range: 6 m to 10 yrs.). Mean follow-up was 34.4 months (range: 6 to 68 m). RESULTS: Mean postoperative scores were: 20.67 points on the DASH; 1.8 points on the VAS at rest, with 48 cases (46%) without pain, 40 (38%) with mild pain, 13 (13%) with moderate pain and 4 (4%) with severe pain; 4.7 points on the VAS in activity, with 21 (20%) without pain, 21 (20%) with mild pain, 35 (34%) with moderate pain and 27 (26%) with severe pain; and SF-36 was 66.8 points. Of the 23 patients who practiced sports regularly or with higher physical demand from the upper limbs, 17 (74%) were able to return to the same activity at the same level. No significant complications were observed postoperatively, except for 3 (2.8%) cases of postoperative superficial infection. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment with arthroscopy for recalcitrant LE is effective and safe, presenting positive outcomes in the studied patients. Level of evidence IV, Case Series.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico da epicondilite lateral (EL) refratária depois da falha no tratamento conservador. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu 104 pacientes submetidos a desbridamento artroscópico do tendão extensor radial curto do carpo (ERCC) para tratamento de EL. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de DASH, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). A média da idade foi de 46,9 anos (variação de 30 a 69 anos). O tempo de sintomas foi de 2,1 anos (variação de 6 meses a 10 anos). O seguimento médio foi de 34,4 meses (variação de 6 ­ 68 meses). RESULTADOS: A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de: 20,67 pontos no DASH; 1,8 pontos no EVA de repouso, sendo 48 (46%) sem dor, 40 (38%) com dor leve, 13 casos (13%) com dor moderada e 4 (4%) com dor intensa; 4,7 pontos no EVA em atividade, sendo 21 (20%) sem dor, 21 (20%) com dores leves, 35 (34%) com dores moderadas e 27 (26%) com dores intensas; e SF-36 de 66,8. Dos 23 pacientes em prática constante de esporte ou com maior demanda física nos membros superiores, 17 (74%) conseguiram retornar ao mesmo nível. Não observamos complicações significativas exceto por 3 (2,8%) casos de infecção pós-operatória superficial. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento artroscópico para EL recalcitrante do cotovelo é eficaz e seguro, apresentando resultados positivos. Nível de Evidencia IV, Série de Casos.

Arthroscopic treatment for lateral epicondylitis: outcomes in 104 cases of a single institution / Tratamento artroscópico para epicondiliote lateral: resultados em 104 casos de uma única intituição

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery for lateral epicondylitis (LE), after failed conservative treatment. Methods: One hundred four patients with LE treated with arthroscopic debridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were evaluated using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scale. Mean age at surgery was 46.9 years. Duration of symptoms was 2.1 years (range: 6 m to 10 yrs.). Mean follow-up was 34.4 months (range: 6 to 68 m). Results: Mean postoperative scores were: 20.67 points on the DASH; 1.8 points on the VAS at rest, with 48 cases (46%) without pain, 40 (38%) with mild pain, 13 (13%) with moderate pain and 4 (4%) with severe pain; 4.7 points on the VAS in activity, with 21 (20%) without pain, 21 (20%) with mild pain, 35 (34%) with moderate pain and 27 (26%) with severe pain; and SF-36 was 66.8 points. Of the 23 patients who practiced sports regularly or with higher physical demand from the upper limbs, 17 (74%) were able to return to the same activity at the same level. No significant complications were observed postoperatively, except for 3 (2.8%) cases of postoperative superficial infection. Conclusion: Surgical treatment with arthroscopy for recalcitrant LE is effective and safe, presenting positive outcomes in the studied patients. Level of evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico da epicondilite lateral (EL) refratária depois da falha no tratamento conservador. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu 104 pacientes submetidos a desbridamento artroscópico do tendão extensor radial curto do carpo (ERCC) para tratamento de EL. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de DASH, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). A média da idade foi de 46,9 anos (variação de 30 a 69 anos). O tempo de sintomas foi de 2,1 anos (variação de 6 meses a 10 anos). O seguimento médio foi de 34,4 meses (variação de 6 - 68 meses). Resultados: A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de: 20,67 pontos no DASH; 1,8 pontos no EVA de repouso, sendo 48 (46%) sem dor, 40 (38%) com dor leve, 13 casos (13%) com dor moderada e 4 (4%) com dor intensa; 4,7 pontos no EVA em atividade, sendo 21 (20%) sem dor, 21 (20%) com dores leves, 35 (34%) com dores moderadas e 27 (26%) com dores intensas; e SF-36 de 66,8. Dos 23 pacientes em prática constante de esporte ou com maior demanda física nos membros superiores, 17 (74%) conseguiram retornar ao mesmo nível. Não observamos complicações significativas exceto por 3 (2,8%) casos de infecção pós-operatória superficial. Conclusão: O tratamento artroscópico para EL recalcitrante do cotovelo é eficaz e seguro, apresentando resultados positivos. Nível de Evidencia IV, Série de Casos.

Relação entre a espiritualidade/religiosidade e a funcionalidade de idosos: uma revisão sistemática / Relationship between religiosity/spirituality and functioning in the elderly: A systematic review / Relación entre espiritualidad / religiosidad y funcionalidad de los ancianos: revisión sistemática

Este estudo analisou a associação entre a religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E) e a funcionalidade em idosos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases eletrônicas PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo e nas referências dos artigos selecionados: originais, em português, espanhol e inglês, incluindo-se estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, com os descritores selecionados da lista de Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (Decs), seguindo-se as recomendações da Declaração PRISMA. Com base nos achados, foi possível verificar que existe relação positiva entre a R/E e a funcionalidade em idosos, além de identificar dimensões da R/E, que podem promover melhor funcionalidade. No entanto, este tema deve ser melhor investigado.

This study analyzed the association between religiosity / spirituality (R / E) and functionality in the elderly through a systematic review. The searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo and in the references of the selected articles: originals, in Portuguese, Spanish and English, including studies published in the last 10 years, with the descriptors selected from the list of Health Sciences Descriptors. (Decs), following the recommendations of the PRISMA Declaration. Based on the findings, it was possible to verify that there is a positive relationship between R / E and functionality in the elderly, in addition to identifying dimensions of R / E, which may promote better functionality. However, this topic should be further investigated.

Este estudio analizó la asociación entre religiosidad / espiritualidad (R / E) y funcionalidad en los ancianos a través de una revisión sistemática. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo y en las referencias de los artículos seleccionados: originales, en portugués, español e inglés, incluidos los estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años, con los descriptores seleccionados de la lista de Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud. (Decs), siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Declaración PRISMA. En base a los hallazgos, fue posible verificar que existe una relación positiva entre R / E y la funcionalidad en los ancianos, además de identificar las dimensiones de R / E, que pueden promover una mejor funcionalidad. Sin embargo, este tema debe investigarse más a fondo.

Avaliação através da tomografia por coerência óptica do esmalte dentário após o uso de dentifrícios clareadores / Evaluation through tomography by optical coherence of dental enamel after the use of clearing dentifrices

Resumo Introdução Historicamente, materiais abrasivos, como mármore em pó, corais e cinzas ósseas, eram utilizados para higienização dentária. Com a evolução, tais materiais foram substituídos por dentifrícios aplicados em escovas dentais, com a mesma finalidade. Objetivo Avaliar, através da Tomografia por Coerência Óptica, o desgaste do esmalte dentário, após o uso de diferentes escovas dentais e materiais utilizados na escovação com componentes abrasivos. Material e método Foram confeccionados 50 corpos de prova, distribuídos em 10 grupos (n=5), de acordo com o dentifrício/escova utilizado. Para o grupo A, foi utilizada a escova dental Curaprox® Adulto Ultra Macia, e, para o grupo B, a escova Dental K® - escova adulto macia. Foram utilizados os seguintes materiais para escovação: Curaprox® Black is White; Colgate® Luminous White Instant, Close Up® White Attraction - MenSuperpure; Carvão Ativado; Água Destilada. As imagens foram realizadas antes e depois da ciclagem de escovação e comparadas quanto às alterações de superfície. A perda da estrutura superficial foi avaliada através dos métodos qualitativo e quantitativo. Para análise estatística dos dados obtidos, foram realizadas as medidas estatísticas: média, desvio padrão, mediana e percentis, avaliados inferencialmente através dos testes estatísticos Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado Maior índice de perda de estrutura superficial do esmalte nos grupos G2A (16,09) e G2B (11,38) e menor índice de perda estrutural nos grupos G5A (1,07) e G5B (1,20). Conclusão: Através desse estudo, observou-se que os dentifrícios clareadores e o Carvão Ativado são capazes de promover intenso desgaste do esmalte dentário.

Abstract Introduction Historically, abrasive materials such as marble powders, corals and bone ashes were used for dental hygiene. With evolution, these materials were replaced by dentifrices applied on toothbrushes for the same purpose. Objective To evaluate, through Optical Coherence Tomography, the wear of dental enamel after the use of different toothbrushes and materials used in brushing with abrasive components. Material and method 50 specimens were prepared, distributed in 10 groups (n=5) according to the toothpaste used. For group A, the Curaprox® Adult Ultra Macia toothbrush was used and for group B, the soft toothbrush K® - soft adult toothbrush. The following brushing materials were used: Curaprox® Black is White; Colgate® Luminous White Instant, Close Up® White Attraction - MenSuperpure; Activated Charcoal; Distilled Water. The images were performed before and after the brushing cycle and were compared for surface changes. The loss of the surface structure was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative methods. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the statistical methods Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, with significance level of 5%, mean, standard deviation, median and percentiles. Result A higher index of loss of enamel structure was observed in the G2A (16.09) and G2B (11.38) groups and a lower structural loss rate in the specimens corresponding to the groups G5A (1,07) and G5B (1,20). Conclusion Through this study it was observed that the whitening dentifrices and the Activated Charcoal are able to promote an intense wear of the dental enamel.

Do Dentistry and physical education students know the importance of mouthguard usage in sports practice? / Os alunos da Odontologia e Educação Física conhecem a importância do uso de protetores bucais na prática desportiva?

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of Dentistry and Physical Education students on mouthguard usage in sports practice. Methods A form containing questions that demonstrated participants' knowledge about the use of mouthguards was applied. Inclusion criteria were: individuals older than 18 years who were attending Dentistry or Physical Education courses from the sixth period and who agreed to participate in the study, and the exclusion criteria for dentistry students were: attended the discipline of Dental Materials II of UFPE and already participated in internships in schools or academies for the participants of the Physical Education course. Results it was possible to observe that 97% of the interviewees know what a mouthguard is, but none of the participants would be able to indicate a specific type of mouthguard to sportsmen. Conclusion It was possible to conclude that a large number of the interviewees know what a mouthguard is, but not enough to indicate which is the safest protector.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento dos alunos do curso de Odontologia e Educação Física sobre os protetores bucais nos desportos. Métodos Aplicação de formulário avaliando conhecimento dos participantes sobre o uso de protetores bucais. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos maiores de 18 anos que estivessem cursando os cursos de Odontologia ou Educação Física a partir do sexto período e que concordassem em participar da pesquisa, já os critérios de exclusão para os alunos do curso de Odontologia foram: não ter cursado a disciplina de Materiais Dentários II da UFPE e já ter participado de estágios em escolas ou academias no caso dos participantes do curso de Educação Física. Resultados: foi possível observar que 97% dos entrevistados sabem o que é um protetor bucal, porém, nenhum dos participantes saberiam indicar um tipo específico de protetor bucal aos desportistas. Conclusão que uma grande parcela dos entrevistados conhece o que é um protetor bucal, porém, não o suficiente para poder indicar qual o protetor mais seguro.

Snapping scapula syndrome: arthroscopic surgical treatment / Ressalto de escápula: tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the results of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgical treatment for snapping scapula syndrome. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 11 patients undergoing scapulothoracic arthroscopy for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome. The study included patients with clinical diagnosis of snapping scapula syndrome who did not show pain improvement after at least six months of physical therapy. Patients were assessed using the DASH, UCLA, visual analogue pain assessment (VAS), and Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores. Results: The mean age at surgery was 38.4 years (21-48). The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 2.8 years (range 6 months to 6 years). The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range: 6.4-28). The mean postoperative scores were: DASH, 7.8 points; VAS, 1.5 points, being ten cases (90%) of mild pain and one case (10%) of moderate pain; UCLA, 32; and SF-36, 79.47. Conclusions: The arthroscopic approach for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome presents excellent functional results.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico para ressalto de escápula.Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 11 pacientes submetidos a artroscopia escapulotorácica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com diagnóstico de ressalto de escápula que não apresentaram melhoria da dor com tratamento fisioterápico por no mínimo seis meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de Dash, UCLA, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). Resultados: A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 38,4 anos (21 a 48). O tempo médio de sintomas antes da cirurgia foi de 2,8 anos (variação de seis meses a seis anos). O seguimento médio foi de 12 meses (variação de 6,4 a 28). A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de 7,8 pontos no Dash; 1,5 ponto no EVA, dez casos (90%) de dores leves e um caso (10%) de dores moderadas; 32 pontos no UCLA e 79,47 pontos no SF-36. Conclusão: A abordagem artroscópica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula apresenta excelentes resultados funcionais.

Snapping scapula syndrome: arthroscopic surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgical treatment for snapping scapula syndrome. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 11 patients undergoing scapulothoracic arthroscopy for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome. The study included patients with clinical diagnosis of snapping scapula syndrome who did not show pain improvement after at least six months of physical therapy. Patients were assessed using the DASH, UCLA, visual analogue pain assessment (VAS), and Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 38.4 years (21-48). The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 2.8 years (range 6 months to 6 years). The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range: 6.4-28). The mean postoperative scores were: DASH, 7.8 points; VAS, 1.5 points, being ten cases (90%) of mild pain and one case (10%) of moderate pain; UCLA, 32; and SF-36, 79.47. CONCLUSIONS: The arthroscopic approach for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome presents excellent functional results.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico para ressalto de escápula.Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 11 pacientes submetidos a artroscopia escapulotorácica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com diagnóstico de ressalto de escápula que não apresentaram melhoria da dor com tratamento fisioterápico por no mínimo seis meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de Dash, UCLA, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). RESULTADOS: A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 38,4 anos (21 a 48). O tempo médio de sintomas antes da cirurgia foi de 2,8 anos (variação de seis meses a seis anos). O seguimento médio foi de 12 meses (variação de 6,4 a 28). A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de 7,8 pontos no Dash; 1,5 ponto no EVA, dez casos (90%) de dores leves e um caso (10%) de dores moderadas; 32 pontos no UCLA e 79,47 pontos no SF-36. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem artroscópica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula apresenta excelentes resultados funcionais.

ARTHROSCOPIC LATARJET TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH ENDOBUTTONS: FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN 26 CASES.

OBJECTIVE: The cause of anterior shoulder instability is not fully understood and surgical management remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of patients undergoing arthroscopic Latarjet procedure with endobuttons. METHODS: A retrospective study of 26 patients undergoing arthroscopic Latarjet procedure with endobuttons to treat anterior shoulder instability. Patients with previous glenohumeral instability, failure of Bankart procedure or Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) greater than or equal to 6, were included. Patients were assessed by: DASH, UCLA, Rowe, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of pain and Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores. Correct position and consolidation of the graft were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age was 31.5 years (16 to 46). Preoperative duration of symptoms was 1.7 years (1 month to 10 years). Mean follow-up was 14.3 (6 to 24) months. Mean postoperative scores were: 10 points in DASH; 1.6 in VAS, where 23 (88%) patients experienced mild pain and 3 (12%) moderate pain; 89 in Rowe; 32 in UCLA and 78 in SF-36. Positioning of the graft was correct in 25 (96%) cases, and was consolidated in 23 (88%). We had two cases of graft fracture (7%) and postoperative migration (7%). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment using arthroscopic Latarjet with endobuttons is safe and effective, producing good functional outcomes in patients. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

OBJETIVO: A causa da instabilidade anterior do ombro não é totalmente esclarecida e o tratamento cirúrgico é controverso. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o resultado dos pacientes submetidos à técnica de Latarjet artroscópica com endobuttons. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 26 pacientes submetidos à técnica de Latarjet artroscópica com endobuttons para tratamento de instabilidade anterior do ombro. Foram incluídos pacientes com instabilidade glenoumeral anterior, falha no procedimento de Bankart ou Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) maior ou igual a 6. Foram avaliados mediante DASH, UCLA, Rowe, Escala Visual Analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). Avaliamos também a posição correta e a consolidação do enxerto. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 31,5 anos (16 a 46). Os sintomas antes da cirurgia foram de 1,7 anos (1 mês a 10 anos). Seguimento médio de 14,3 (6 ­ 24) meses. A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de 10 pontos no DASH; 1,6 pontos na EVA sendo 23 (88%) dores leves e 3 (12%) dores moderadas; Rowe de 89, UCLA de 32; SF-36 de 78. O posicionamento foi correto em 25 (96%) casos e consolidou em 23 (88%). Tivemos 2 casos de fratura (7%) e de migração pós-operatória do enxerto (7%). CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de Latarjet artroscópica com endobuttons é eficaz e segura, produzindo bons resultados funcionas. Nível de Evidencia IV, Série de Casos.