Instruments measuring pregnant women's expectations of labor and childbirth: A systematic review.

To systematically identify studies about the assessment of pregnant women's expectations, using measuring instruments. An online search was made of Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, CAPES and LILACS databases in national and international publications from their first indexation until December 2018, using words associated with expectations during pregnancy. This review included observational studies that presented instruments to measure the expectations of pregnant women; observational studies that described the instrument development or tested the psychometric properties of an instrument. The studies were independently assessed for inclusion, data extraction and potential risks of bias. Because all study designs were observational, MOOSE was used to evaluate the quality of data. The Terwee's quality criteria were used for quality assessment of the instruments. Thirty-two studies were included in this review. The aim of the identified instruments was to measure expectations, experiences, satisfaction, quality of attachment, and attitudes at delivery, encompassing several aspects of the pregnancy process and childbirth. Most studies measured expectations only by relating them to fear and pain during childbirth. The results of this systematic review indicated that there are currently no instruments measuring pregnant women's expectations about childbirth other than those focusing on fear and pain. This gap indicates a need to develop a specific instrument for assessing and measuring this phenomenon comprehensively.

Sediment examination of urine without physical-chemical alterations / Sedimentoscopia de parciais de urina sem alterações físico-químicas

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is from the urine sediment examination that many conclusions are drawn by the professional responsible for diagnosis. Because that is a test frequently run in laboratories, it is desirable to reduce costs and time to exam sediment in urine samples considered normal. Objectives: To evaluate the importance of sediment microscopy in urine without physical and chemical alterations. Material and method: This is an epidemiological study of a cross-sectional design developed at a college laboratory based on reports of urine tests performed from January to July, 2017. For comparison between means, Student's t-test, Pearson's chi-square test and Spearman's correlation were done. The level of significance was 5%. Results: We analyzed 7,734 urine reports, with 2,530 (32.7%) results without physical-chemical changes. Patients had a mean age of 39 (± 23) years, most of them were males (61.7%). Regarding leukocyte quantification, 2.3% of the patients had a number higher than the reference values, and in relation to red blood cells, 1.7% of the patients exceeded these values. It was observed that the amount of leukocytes found in the urine specimens without physical-chemical alterations (p < 0.007) was reduced by 0.4 with each year of age. Conclusion: From the data of the present study, one can conclude that the majority of patients without physical-chemical changes do not have any changes of clinical relevance in sediment analysis.

RESUMO Introdução: É a partir da sedimentoscopia do parcial de urina que muitas conclusões são tiradas pelo profissional responsável pelo diagnóstico. Por ser um exame frequentemente realizado nos laboratórios, é importante a redução dos custos e do tempo para a realização da sedimentoscopia em amostras de urina consideradas normais. Objetivo: Avaliar a importância da sedimentoscopia em urinas sem alterações físico-químicas. Material e método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal desenvolvido em um laboratório-escola a partir de laudos referentes aos parciais de urina realizados de janeiro a julho de 2017. Para comparação entre médias, foi realizado teste t de Student, qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram analisados 7.734 laudos de parciais de urinas, com 2.530 (32,7%) resultados de parciais sem alterações físico-químicas. Os pacientes tinham idade média de 39 (± 23) anos, a maior parte do sexo masculino (61,7%). Com relação à quantificação de leucócitos, 2,3% dos pacientes apresentaram número superior aos valores de referência, e com relação às hemácias, 1,7% deles ultrapassaram esses valores. Observou-se que a cada um ano de idade a mais para o indivíduo, reduz-se em 0,4 a quantidade de leucócitos encontrados nos parciais de urina sem alterações físico-químicas (p < 0,007). Conclusão: A partir dos dados do presente estudo, conclui-se que a maior parte dos pacientes sem alterações físico-químicas não possui quaisquer alterações de relevância clínica na sedimentoscopia.