A platinized stainless steel fiber with in-situ coated polyaniline/polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposite sorbent for headspace solid-phase microextraction of aliphatic aldehydes in rice samples.

The surface of a stainless steel fiber was made larger, porous and cohesive by platinizing for tight attachment of its coating. Then it was coated by a polyaniline/polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PANI/PP/GO) nanocomposite film using electrochemical polymerization. The prepared PANI/PP/GO fiber was used for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of linear aliphatic aldehydes in rice samples followed by GC-FID determination. To achieve the highest extraction efficiency, various experimental parameters including extraction time and temperature, matrix modifier and desorption condition were studied. The linear calibration curves were obtained over the range of 0.05-20 µg g-1 (R2 > 0.99) for C4 -C11 aldehydes. The limits of detection were found to be in the range of 0.01-0.04 µg g-1 . RSD values were calculated to be <7.4 and 10.7% for intra- and inter-day, respectively. The superiority of the prepared nanocomposite SPME fiber was established by comparison of its results with those obtained by polydimethylsiloxane, carbowax-divinylbenzene, divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate commercial ones. Finally, the nanocomposite fiber was used to extract and determine linear aliphatic aldehydes in 18 rice samples.

Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Hydrodistillation for the Identification of Major Constituents in Two Species of Hypericum.

Ultrasound-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (UA-HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods, coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum scabrum collected from two different sites in Iran. In the UA-HS-SPME method, various experimental parameters such as the type of fiber coating, sonication time, extraction time, extraction temperature and desorption time were investigated. The highest extraction efficiency was achieved by a 100-µm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Consequently, 36 compounds were identified in H. perforatum and H. scabrum samples, using the UA-HS-SPME-GC-MS method, of which 14 were the same in both species. On the other hand, 57 compounds of these species were identified by the HD-GC-MS method, of which 21 were the same. The predominant constituents identified using the UA-HS-SPME method in H. perforatum included ß-caryophyllene, α-pinene, γ-cadinene, α-selinene, germacrene-D, limonene and myrcene, and in H. scabrum were α-pinene, nonane, ß-pinene and limonene. The common constituents identified by the HD-GC-MS method for H. perforatum involved germacrene-D, limonene, ß-caryophyllene, α-pinene, ß-pinene and germacrene-B, and for H. scabrum were α-pinene, ß-pinene, germacrene-D, nonane, limonene and γ-cadinene. The results about the main constituents of the examined species correspond to the findings of other researchers. Additionally, comparing UA-HS-SPME-GC-MS and HD-GC-MS methods showed that the UA-HS-SPME-GC-MS method is much faster and simpler, and it requires much less sample size and lower temperature.