[Experimental model of severe local radiation injuries of the skin after X-rays].

The experimental model of severe local radiation injuries skin under the influence of a relatively soft X-rays on a modified device RAP 100-10 produced by "Diagnostica-M" (Russia) was proposed. The model can be used as pre-clinical studies in small experimental animals in order to improve the treatment of local radiation injuries, especially in the conditions of application of cellular therapy.

[An experimental model of studynig radiation oppression of antitumor resistance].

In experiences on mice (CBA x C57Bl) F1 the experimental model for studying action of radiation on antineoplastic resistance is developed. Adequate ways of statistical processing of the received data testifying to amplification of tumoral growth in the irradiated organism are offered. The use of model of the solid form of the tumor developing after introduction in a shin of a hinder leg of the mouse of 1000 cells ascetic carcinoma of Ehrlich in a combination to radiating depression of antineoplastic resistance at animals after an irradiation on installation IGUR (137Cs) in a doze 6 Gy is proved. At an estimation of intensity of tumoral growth parameters are recommended: a share of animals with tumors by 30 day after injection, size of the latent period and probability of development of a tumor, and also volume of a tumor by 30 day of supervision. For processing the received results, besides Fisher's widely used criteria, chi2 and the Mann-Whitney, are recommended method Kaplan-Meier and criterion Log-rank. The offered model can become the reliable tool for the decision of the problems worth on a joint of some scientific disciplines: radiobiology, oncology, immunology, pharmacology, etc.

[Antiradiation effects of lactoferrin].

The propose of these examination was studied antiradiation effect of lactoferrin (LF). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection LF (65 or 300 mkg/kg) guinea-pigs irradiated after 1-14 days after of total gamma-irradiation (2.5 Gr) had therapeutically effect attached to the bone marrow form of acute radiation disease (ARD). This effect was explained in increase of survive the animals with 53.8% to 92.8% and stimulation erythropoiesis, judge by number of reticulocytes and increase neutrophiles (12 days ARD) and lymphocytes (12 and 16 days ARD) by comparison with control animals. LF had no effect attached to intestinal form of acute radiation disease by mice. The injection of LF before total irradiation rats of electrons (energy 25 MeV) in doses 255 Gr decreased expression of some symptom of cerebral form of acute radiation disease: prolong time of beginning convulsive period with 5.7 hours to 14.1 hours and duration of life with 7.7 hours to 15.3 hours. LF had antioxidative activity.

[Estimation of the influence of physical and biological factors on the development of the hematopoietic type of radiation sickness in dogs and two types of monkeys].

In this investigation, the analysis of radiobiological experiments on 532 dogs and two types of monkeys (101 animals), irradiated totally in the 1.0 to 6.0 Gy dose range at different irradiation facilities, has been carried out. LD50 values at X-ray and gamma-neutron exposure were close to each other (2.35 and 2.83 Gy, respectively) while at gamma-radiation exposure LD(50/45) increased to 3.09 Gy. Comparison of LD(50/45) values for different kinds of animals allowed us to draw a conclusion of approximately equal radiosensitivities of dogs and Macaca fascicularis monkeys (LD(50/30-45) - 3.09 Gy and 3.17 Gy, respectively); Macaca rhesus monkeys revealed higher radioresistance (LD(50/30-45) - 5.03Gy). Analysis of the influence of several biological factors has not displayed any significant differences in the values of LD(50/45) and average lifespan of male and female dogs. Higher radiosensitivity of dogs with body weight less than 12 kg and lower radiosensitivity of dogs in summer time compared to other seasons have been shown. Dogs at the age of 2 to 3 years appeared to be more radioresistant than animals of the other age.

[Quantitative regularities and peculiarities of the development of the cerebral form of radiation sickness at fractionated irradiation].

Several peculiarities in manifestations of cerebral form of radiation sickness have been revealed at a fractionated double irradiation with equal and unequal doses per fraction and different intervals between the fractions. A reliable increase in average lifespan of rats irradiated with (100 + 100 Gy) equal doses at 10 and 60 min intervals between two fractions compared to the single radiation exposure to 200 Gy has been obtained. Lifespan of rats irradiated with a total dose greater than 200 Gy in most cases of double exposures with 10 min interval was reliably less than that for animals after a single exposure. The influence of the first dose on the reduction of animal average lifespan increased with fraction dose increasing from 150 to 300 Gy and was most pronounced at the total exposure dose of 400 Gy. Reaction of rats on the repeated irradiation was significantly weakened in comparison with the reaction on the first exposure. At a study of capacitation the interval of 30 min appeared to be more favorable compared to 10 min interval. Importance of a dose value in the first fraction has been demonstrated: the higher this value the worse the capacity of the rats 3 hours after the repeated exposure.

[Reaction of the blood forming system of the dogs to acute radiation exposure (by the SRC-Institute of biophysics data bank)]. / Reaktsiia krovetvornoi sistemy sobak na ostroe radiatsionnoe vozdeistvie (po materialam bazy dannykh GNTS-Institut biofiziki MZ RF).

At present time in the SRC--Institute of Biophysics the data bank containing the information on the reactions of 431 dogs to radiation exposure in a wide range of doses has been created. By the results of 4299 blood tests reporting a leukocyte content, including 2509 tests reporting a blood formula, the individual peculiarity of the peripheral blood reaction in dogs were analyzed. Dose dependencies for the reaction of blood-forming system to radiation exposure to doses in the range from 1.0 to 7.0 Gy were obtained. In comparison with the similar data for humans, the neutrophil content in peripheral blood decreased approximately 1.5-2.0 times faster in dogs than in men, resulting in earlier recovery.

[Prediction of the severity of damage and disruption of work ability in reaction of the body to alcohol load prior to radiation exposure in the superlethal range]. / Prognozirovanie tiazhesti porazheniia i narushenii rabotosposobnosti po reaktsiii organizma na alkogol'nuiu nagruzku do luchevogo vozdeistviia v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh.

In experiments on 121 white non-linear rats, 44 Papio hamadryas and 29 Macaca fascicularis, animals' reactions on the alcohol impact (AI) and following exposure to supralethal doses were compared. The animals were intravenously injected with 5% ethanol in the glucose solution, 2.1 g/kg for rats and 0.46-0.51 g/kg for monkeys. Monkeys' response to AI was scored in four-point scale by estimating of abnormalities in motor activity, coordination of motion and changes in conditioned reflex activity. It was shown that changes in the ability of alcohol-injected rats to perform the learnt exercises in the "jump box" could be used for prediction of their response to the exposure to supralethal doses of ionizing radiation. Observing the AI-response in monkeys along with a method "function of spying for moving object" made possible to predict not only a general degree of loss of working ability but also to estimate individual impairments of spying functions. In 65% monkeys high similarity of the reactions to AI and ionizing radiation was observed.

[A possibility to predict the severity of individual damage following the exposure to supralethal radiation dosage. Prediction by early radiation response ]. / Vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia individual'noi tiazhesti porazheniia pri luchevykh vozdeistviiakh v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Prognozirovanie po rannei reaktsii na obluchenie.

The experiments on dogs and monkeys have shown that the severity of radiation sickness following the exposure to supralethal radiation doses can be predicted by early response of an individual. For such prediction, the most informative criteria include general severity of clinical manifestations during primary radiation response and evaluated within a few post-damage hours, the degree of tension in cardiac rhythm control, the cortisol level, the endocrine status index.

[A possibility to predict the severity of individual damage following the exposure to supralethal radiation dosage. Prediction of working capacity of irradiated rats and dogs by response to pre-exposure physical load]. / Vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia individual'noi tiazhesti porazheniia pri luchevykh vozdeistviiakh v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Prognozirovanie urovnia rabotosposobnosti u obluchennykh krys i sobak po ikh reaktsii na fizicheskuiu nagruzku do oblucheniia.

The experiments on rats and dogs exposed to radiation doses which cause intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness have shown that, within the first 24 hours post-exposure, efficiency impairment can be predicted by changes in some indices of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems after physical load used as a non-radiation testing agent. The goodness of fit of experimental data to the expected result is up to 50-70%, still rising if a number of indices for different sections of the neuroendocrine system are used at a time.

[A possibility to predict the severity of individual damage following the exposure to supralethal radiation dosage. Prediction of the clinical manifestation of radiation injury in laboratory animals by response to pre-exposure hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia individual'noi tiazhesti porazheniia pri luchevykh vozdeistviiakh v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Prognozirovanie klinicheskikh proiavlenii luchevoi bolezni u laboratornykh zhivotnykh po ikh reaktsii na gipobaricheskuiu gipoksiiu do oblucheniia.

The experiments on rats, dogs and monkeys exposed to radiation doses which cause intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness have shown that the severity of a clinical state can be predicted by cardiovascular and endocrine changes when a pre-exposure test with moderate hypobaric hypoxia is performed. The goodness of fit of experimental data to the exposed result is up to 60-80%, still rising if a set of indices of the neuroendocrine status is used.

[A possibility to predict the severity of individual damage following the exposure to supralethal radiation dosage. Prediction of working capacity of irradiated rats and dogs by response to pre-exposure hypobaric load]. / Vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia individual'noi tiazhesti porazheniia pri luchevykh vozdeistviiakh v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Prognozirovanie urovnia rabotosposobnosti obluchennykh krys i sobak po ikh reaktsii na gipobaricheskuiu nagruzku do oblucheniia.

In experiments on rats and dogs exposed to radiation doses which cause intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness, hypobaric hypoxia used as an unconventional test of animals' reactivity has enabled the relationship between reactivity and radiosensitivity to be established. Higher post-radiation efficiency is observed in animals with less pronounced changes during a barotest. The goodness of fit of experimental data to the expected result is up to 70%, rising if a set parameters for one index or the sum total of indices are used.

[Individual radioresistance and principles of its formation]. / Individual'naia radiorezistentnost' i printsipy ee formirovaniia.

Individual variability of resistance to a broad range of ionizing radiation was analyzed. Individual radioresistance depends both on physical (radiation type, dose, and distribution along the body, dose rate) and biological (species, strain, sex, body mass of animal etc.) factors. Individual radioresistance is manifested by specific and nonspecific responses of organism to radiation. Three components of individual radioresistance are stable, semistable and labile. The stable component is genetically determined by species, sex, habitus status and radiosensitivity of cells of critical organs. The semistable component is determined by embryogenetic, early postnatal development and reflected in functional activity of the main regulatory systems of the body. The labile component is a parameter of current functional state of an indviduum. The stable and semistable components characterize inborn whereas the labile component--acquired radioresistance.

[The dependence of the biological effect of electron radiation on the pulse repetition rate. The dependence of mortality and life span in rats on the radiation dose and pulse repetition rate]. / Zavisimost' biologicheskogo éffekta élektronnogo izluchenia ot chastoty sledovaniia impul'sov. Zavisimost' smertnosti i prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni krys ot dozy izlucheniia i chastoty sledovaniia impul'sov.

Quantitative regularities have been established for mortality and life-span of rats in relation to the pulse recurrence frequency (3-2400 s-1) of electron radiation with electron energies of 25 and 50 MeV. Electrons with pulse recurrence frequencies of 600 and 1200 s-1 have shown a higher biological effectiveness.

[The dependence of the biological effect of electron radiation on the pulse repetition rate. The characteristics of the clinical manifestations in rats after irradiation at superlethal doses]. / Zavisimost' biologicheskogo éffekta élektronnogo izlucheniia ot chastoty sledovaniia impul'sov. Osobennosti klinicheskikh proiavlenii u krys posle oblucheniia v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh.

A comparison between biological effects of electron radiation (25 and 50 MeV) at doses of 100-300 Gy and with pulse recurrence frequencies from 3 to 2400 s-1, using general damage severity, distinctiveness of separate clinical manifestations and incidence of extremely severe forms of radiation sickness as criteria, has demonstrated some peculiarities of radiation pathology in rats under these circumstances. The pulse recurrence frequency influence varies with the criterion applied.

[Quantitative patterns in the clinical manifestations of radiation sickness in large laboratory animals exposed to radiation at superlethal doses. The quantitative patterns in the manifestations of radiation sickness in dogs]. / Kolichestvennye zakonomernosti klinicheskikh proiavlenii luchevoi bolezni u krupnykh laboratornykh zhivotnykh pri vozdeistvii izlucheniia v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Kolichestvennye zakonomernosti proiavlenii luchevoi bolezni u sobak.

Radiation sickness manifestations have been studied in dogs exposed to electrons (electron energy 25 MeV) and gamma-neutron radiation (neutron energies of 0.37 and 1.2 MeV) in a wide dose range. Dose-response relationships have been calculated for mortality and some clinical manifestations of the intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness. With regard to mortality, the highest effect has been observed for gamma-neutron radiation with a neutron energy of 1.2 MeV. For equal physical doses and for those equally effective in relation to mortality, clinical manifestations of damage are more prominent following exposure to electrons.

[Quantitative patterns in the clinical manifestations of radiation sickness in large laboratory animals exposed to radiation at superlethal doses. The quantitative patterns in the manifestations of radiation sickness in monkeys]. / Kolichestvennye zakonomernosti klinicheskikh proiavlenii luchevoi bolezni u krupnykh laboratornykh zhivotnykh pri vozdeistvii izlucheniia v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Kolichestvennye zakonomernosti proiavlenii luchevoi bolezni u obez'ian.

Radiation sickness manifestations have been studied in two species (Macaca fascicularis and Papio hamadryas) exposed to electron and gamma-neutron radiations in a wide supralethal doses range. Dose-response relationships have been calculated for mortality and some clinical manifestations of the intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness. Higher radiosensitivity of baboons in comparison with Macaca fascicularis and clinically more dangerous damage due to electrons as compared to gamma-neutron radiation have been demonstrated.

[Quantitative patterns in the clinical manifestations of radiation sickness in large laboratory animals exposed to radiation at superlethal doses. Changes in the regulation of cardiovascular system function]. / Kolichestvennye zakonomernosti klinicheskikh proiavlenii luchevoi bolezni u krupnykh laboratornykh zhivotnykh pri vozdeistvii izlucheniia v sverkhletal'nykh dozakh. Izmeneniia v reguliatsii funktsii serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy.

Dog exposure to doses from 39 to 124 Gy results in an increase of heart rate and tension in control of the cardiac rhythm, the extent being dose dependent. An additional physical load on the cardiovascular animals system reveals a high functional control reserves of the cardiovascular system which provides stable functioning even after exposure to the above doses.

[Prevention of infectious complications in patients with acute bone marrow depression]. / Profilaktika infektsionnykh oslozhnenii u bolnykh s ostrymi mielodepressiiami.

Clinical efficacy of intravenous gentamicin in combination with oral use of gentamicin, ristomycin and nystatin was studied in 1977. In 1980-1984 two antiinfectious regimens were tested: intravenous administration of gentamicin in combination with total decontamination (oral use of gentamicin and nystatin) and selective decontamination (biseptol with nystatin of amphoglucamine). It was shown that the incidence of severe infections in the patients under the observation dropped against the controls. The incidence and spectrum of infectious complications in cases with acute myelodepressions were proved to depend on the intestinal autoflora inhibition.

[The RBE of 0.85-MeV neutrons in the cerebral form of radiation sickness in guinea pigs]. / OBE neitronov s énergiei 0,85 MéV pri tserebral'noi forme luchevoi bolezni u morskikh svinok.

The RBE coefficient of neutrons (0.85 MeV) was 1.87 in comparison with that of electron radiation (8 MeV) as determined by the death rate of guinea pigs with the cerebral form of radiation sickness. LD50/1.5 amounted to 43.2 and 80.7 Gy. The dynamics of clinical symptoms at the height of the disease is discussed.