Efetividade do uso de drenos em procedimentos cirúrgicos no trauma hepático / Effectiveness of the use of drains in surgical procedures for liver trauma

O cenário de violência urbana e a alta tecnologia automobilística culminaram no aumento de incidência de lesões penetrantes e contusas. Como o fígado ocupa a maior parte do quadrante superior do abdome, qualquer trauma na parte inferior do tórax ou no abdome superior o coloca em risco de lesão que pode acarretar vazamento biliar, sangue ou seroma. Portanto, a drenagem é indicada para evitar complicações causadas pelo acúmulo desses líquidos. Este estudo visou avaliar a efetividade da drenagem em procedimentos cirúrgicos de trauma hepático. Estudo observacional, com análise retrospectiva de prontuários onde foi avaliado um total de 60 prontuários. Em conclusão, os pacientes com lesões mais graves tiveram maior número de drenagem; o tempo de permanência em UTI foi semelhante àqueles que não utilizaram drenos; reoperações utilizaram o dreno com maior frequência; o uso ou não de drenagem não evidenciou diferenças quanto a necessidade de hemoderivados ou em relação ao número de óbitos

The urban violence scenario and the high automobile technology culminated in an increase in the incidence of penetrating and blunt injuries. Since the liver occupies most of the upper quadrant of the abdomen, any trauma to the lower chest or upper abdomen is risky for injury that can lead to bile leakage, blood, or seroma; therefore, drainage is indicated to avoid complications caused by the accumulation of these liquids. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of drainage in surgical procedures for liver trauma. It is observational, with retrospective analysis of medical records. A total of 60 records were evaluated. In conclusion, patients with more severe injuries had a greater number of drainages; the length of stay in the ICU was similar to those who did not use drains; reoperations used the drain more frequently; the use or not of drainage did not show differences in terms of the need for blood products or in relation to the number of deaths

Burnout e assédios na carreira cirúrgica: retirando a máscara e expondo as feridas / Burnout and harassments in the surgical career: removing the mask and exposing the wounds

O burnout tem sido definido como a síndrome clínica decorrente do estresse ocupacional crônico, composta pela exaustão emocional, despersonalização e redução do desempenho profissional. O acometimento de médicos tem sido maior que a média geral da população e há uma tendência de o percentual de acometidos ser ainda maior nas especialidades cirúrgicas, particularmente em residentes. O objetivo desta revisão é constatar o impacto de diversos fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento de burnout. Esta revisão é baseada em artigos científicos que exploram dados sobre abusos, assédios, discriminação e burnout entre médicos e residentes da área cirúrgica nos últimos 10 anos. A presença dessas situações no desenvolvimento da carreira cirúrgica está aparentemente relacionada ao aumento proporcional da prevalência de burnout e ideação suicida. Conhecer suas fontes e compreender seus mecanismos fornece bases para a construção de um ambiente de trabalho e educacional favoráveis

The burnout has been defined as a clinical syndrome resulting from chronic occupational stress, constituted by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced professional performance. The involvement of doctors has been higher than the general population rates and there is a tendency of this percentage be even higher in surgical specialties, particularly in residents. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance and the impact of several factors associated with the development of burnout. The present review is based on scientific articles from the last 10 years that explore dates about abuse, harassment, discrimination and burnout among doctors and surgical residents, indexed in the PubMed database. The presence of these factors in the development of the surgical career is apparently related to the proportional increase in the prevalence of burnout and the suicidal ideation. If we know its origins and we understand its mechanisms, it provides the basis for making a workplace and educational favorable

Psychological aspects and quality of life in Medical Residency. / Aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida na Residência Médica.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the perception of quality of life among residents in the first year of Medical Residency compared to the one among residents in other years of training, given the importance of this issue in health. METHODS: a comparative and cross-sectional analytical study performed from February to April 2016 in a reference tertiary trauma hospital in Brazil. Resident physicians were voluntarily submitted to an online questionnaire on quality of life (called WHOQOL-BREF), validated by World Health Organization (WHO). They were divided into two groups: first year of residency (R1) and other years of residency. RESULTS: ninety-seven residents of several medical specialties answered the questionnaire. Of these, 59 were men and 38 were women. The mean age was 27.7 years. First-year residents accounted for 49.5% of the interviewees. Overall, quality of life was considered regular in both groups. In relation to psychological domain, there was a significant difference between the R1 group (with worse scores in this domain) and the non-R1 group (p<0.0000001). CONCLUSION: first-year residents' quality of life is worse than the one of the residents from other years, having a significant variation of positive feelings, learning capacity, memory, thought and concentration, self-esteem, body image and appearance, and negative feelings.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vida entre residentes no primeiro ano de Residência Médica em relação aos residentes de outros anos, dada a importância dessa questão na saúde. MÉTODOS: estudo comparativo, transversal e analítico realizado no período de fevereiro a abril de 2016, realizado em um hospital de trauma terciário de referência do Brasil. Médicos residentes foram submetidos voluntariamente ao questionário validado da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) sobre qualidade de vida, o WHOQOL-BREF, com preenchimento online. Os residentes foram divididos em dois grupos: primeiro ano de residência (R1) e outros anos de residência. RESULTADOS: noventa e sete residentes de diversas especialidades médicas responderam ao questionário. Desses, 59 eram homens e 38, mulheres. A média de idade foi de 27,7 anos. Residentes do primeiro ano representaram 49,5% dos entrevistados. A qualidade de vida de maneira global foi considerada regular em ambos os grupos. Em relação ao domínio psicológico, houve diferença significativa entre o R1 (este, com piores escores neste domínio) e os demais anos de residência (p<0,0000001). CONCLUSÃO: a qualidade de vida dos residentes do primeiro ano é pior em relação aos demais, tendo uma variação significativa de sentimento positivo, capacidade de aprender, memória, pensamento e concentração, autoestima, imagem corporal e aparência e sentimentos negativos em relação aos médicos residentes dos outros anos.

Aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida na Residência Médica / Psychological aspects and quality of life in Medical Residency

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vida entre residentes no primeiro ano de Residência Médica em relação aos residentes de outros anos, dada a importância dessa questão na saúde. Métodos: estudo comparativo, transversal e analítico realizado no período de fevereiro a abril de 2016, realizado em um hospital de trauma terciário de referência do Brasil. Médicos residentes foram submetidos voluntariamente ao questionário validado da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) sobre qualidade de vida, o WHOQOL-BREF, com preenchimento online. Os residentes foram divididos em dois grupos: primeiro ano de residência (R1) e outros anos de residência. Resultados: noventa e sete residentes de diversas especialidades médicas responderam ao questionário. Desses, 59 eram homens e 38, mulheres. A média de idade foi de 27,7 anos. Residentes do primeiro ano representaram 49,5% dos entrevistados. A qualidade de vida de maneira global foi considerada regular em ambos os grupos. Em relação ao domínio psicológico, houve diferença significativa entre o R1 (este, com piores escores neste domínio) e os demais anos de residência (p<0,0000001). Conclusão: a qualidade de vida dos residentes do primeiro ano é pior em relação aos demais, tendo uma variação significativa de sentimento positivo, capacidade de aprender, memória, pensamento e concentração, autoestima, imagem corporal e aparência e sentimentos negativos em relação aos médicos residentes dos outros anos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the perception of quality of life among residents in the first year of Medical Residency compared to the one among residents in other years of training, given the importance of this issue in health. Methods: a comparative and cross-sectional analytical study performed from February to April 2016 in a reference tertiary trauma hospital in Brazil. Resident physicians were voluntarily submitted to an online questionnaire on quality of life (called WHOQOL-BREF), validated by World Health Organization (WHO). They were divided into two groups: first year of residency (R1) and other years of residency. Results: ninety-seven residents of several medical specialties answered the questionnaire. Of these, 59 were men and 38 were women. The mean age was 27.7 years. First-year residents accounted for 49.5% of the interviewees. Overall, quality of life was considered regular in both groups. In relation to psychological domain, there was a significant difference between the R1 group (with worse scores in this domain) and the non-R1 group (p<0.0000001). Conclusion: first-year residents' quality of life is worse than the one of the residents from other years, having a significant variation of positive feelings, learning capacity, memory, thought and concentration, self-esteem, body image and appearance, and negative feelings.

Influence of trauma origin site on admission rates of patients submitted to emergency laparotomy. / Influência do local de origem do trauma nos índices de admissão de pacientes submetidos à laparotomia de emergência.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the influence of the site of trauma occurrence on the trauma scores of patients submitted to emergency laparotomy. METHODS: this is a retrospective, observational, analytical study. We included 212 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomies in the period of January 2015 and December 2017. We obtained information about the accident site and vital data of the patients based on data collection through electronic and physical records. We analyzed the trauma indices of patients from Curitiba and its Metropolitan Region and the place where the patient was rescued (physical establishment or public road). RESULTS: among the 212 patients studied, 184 (86.7%) were brought by the Prehospital Care Service from the city of Curitiba, and 28 (13.3%), from the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Twenty-five patients (17.6%) were rescued in physical establishments, while 117 (82.4%) were rescued on public roads. We observed higher values ​​of Injurity Severity Scores (ISS) in patients coming from the Metropolitan Region than in those coming from Curitiba (29.78 vs 22.46, P=0.009), but higher values ​​of Trauma and Injury Severity Scores (TRISS) in patients from Curitiba than the ones from the Metropolitan Region (90.62 vs 81.30, P=0.015). Patients rescued in public roads presented lower Revised Trauma Scores (RTS) (6.96 vs 7.65, P=0.024) and TRISS (86.42 vs 97.21; P=0.012). CONCLUSION: trauma victims from sites more distant from the referral center and rescued on public roads presented worse prognosis.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência do local de ocorrência do trauma nos escores de trauma de pacientes submetidos à laparotomia de emergência. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Foram incluídos 212 pacientes submetidos à laparotomias exploratórias no período de janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2017. Informações sobre o local do acidente e dados vitais dos pacientes foram obtidas com base na coleta de dados por meio de prontuários eletrônicos e físicos. Foram analisados os índices de trauma de pacientes provenientes de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana e o local em que o paciente foi socorrido (estabelecimento físico ou via pública). RESULTADOS: entre os 212 pacientes estudados, 184 (86,7%) foram trazidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar provenientes da cidade Curitiba e 28 (13,3%) provenientes de Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Foram socorridos em estabelecimentos físicos 25 pacientes (17,6%), enquanto 117 (82,4%) foram socorridos em via pública. Observou-se maiores valores de ISS (Injurity Severity Score) dos pacientes procedentes da Região Metropolitana em relação aos procedentes de Curitiba (29,78 vs 22,46, P=0,009), enquanto valores maiores do TRISS (Trauma Trauma and Injury Severity Score) foram observados em pacientes procedentes de Curitiba em relação aos da Região Metropolitana (90,62 vs 81,30; P=0,015). Pacientes socorridos em via pública apresentaram menor valor de RTS (Revised Trauma Score) (6,96 vs 7,65; P=0,024) e TRISS (86,42 vs 97,21; P=0,012). CONCLUSÃO: pacientes vítimas de trauma procedentes de locais mais distantes do atendimento no centro de referência apresentaram pior prognóstico à admissão e foi observado pior prognóstico em pacientes socorridos em via pública.

Influência do local de origem do trauma nos índices de admissão de pacientes submetidos à laparotomia de emergência / Influence of trauma origin site on admission rates of patients submitted to emergency laparotomy

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a influência do local de ocorrência do trauma nos escores de trauma de pacientes submetidos à laparotomia de emergência. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Foram incluídos 212 pacientes submetidos à laparotomias exploratórias no período de janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2017. Informações sobre o local do acidente e dados vitais dos pacientes foram obtidas com base na coleta de dados por meio de prontuários eletrônicos e físicos. Foram analisados os índices de trauma de pacientes provenientes de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana e o local em que o paciente foi socorrido (estabelecimento físico ou via pública). Resultados: entre os 212 pacientes estudados, 184 (86,7%) foram trazidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar provenientes da cidade Curitiba e 28 (13,3%) provenientes de Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Foram socorridos em estabelecimentos físicos 25 pacientes (17,6%), enquanto 117 (82,4%) foram socorridos em via pública. Observou-se maiores valores de ISS (Injurity Severity Score) dos pacientes procedentes da Região Metropolitana em relação aos procedentes de Curitiba (29,78 vs 22,46, P=0,009), enquanto valores maiores do TRISS (Trauma Trauma and Injury Severity Score) foram observados em pacientes procedentes de Curitiba em relação aos da Região Metropolitana (90,62 vs 81,30; P=0,015). Pacientes socorridos em via pública apresentaram menor valor de RTS (Revised Trauma Score) (6,96 vs 7,65; P=0,024) e TRISS (86,42 vs 97,21; P=0,012). Conclusão: pacientes vítimas de trauma procedentes de locais mais distantes do atendimento no centro de referência apresentaram pior prognóstico à admissão e foi observado pior prognóstico em pacientes socorridos em via pública.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the influence of the site of trauma occurrence on the trauma scores of patients submitted to emergency laparotomy. Methods: this is a retrospective, observational, analytical study. We included 212 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomies in the period of January 2015 and December 2017. We obtained information about the accident site and vital data of the patients based on data collection through electronic and physical records. We analyzed the trauma indices of patients from Curitiba and its Metropolitan Region and the place where the patient was rescued (physical establishment or public road). Results: among the 212 patients studied, 184 (86.7%) were brought by the Prehospital Care Service from the city of Curitiba, and 28 (13.3%), from the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Twenty-five patients (17.6%) were rescued in physical establishments, while 117 (82.4%) were rescued on public roads. We observed higher values ​​of Injurity Severity Scores (ISS) in patients coming from the Metropolitan Region than in those coming from Curitiba (29.78 vs 22.46, P=0.009), but higher values ​​of Trauma and Injury Severity Scores (TRISS) in patients from Curitiba than the ones from the Metropolitan Region (90.62 vs 81.30, P=0.015). Patients rescued in public roads presented lower Revised Trauma Scores (RTS) (6.96 vs 7.65, P=0.024) and TRISS (86.42 vs 97.21; P=0.012). Conclusion: trauma victims from sites more distant from the referral center and rescued on public roads presented worse prognosis.

Evaluation of the use of tomography in penetrating neck trauma.

OBJECTIVE: the study has the intention of evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography for the diagnosis of cervical lesions on penetrating neck trauma and also identify the most frequent mechanisms of trauma. Most injured structures, determine the age range and the most prevalent sex. METHODS: observational descriptive retrospective study executed by the systematic retrospective review of medical records of all patients victims of penetrating neck trauma that went through surgery and CT scans, admitted into Hospital do Trabalhador, between January 2009 and December 2013. RESULTS: the final sample was of 30 patients, 96.7% of the male sex, the median age was of 28 years old. Most patients suffered injuries by gun (56.7%) and 33,3% suffered stab wounds. The most stricken area of the neck was Zone II (77.8%) and the left side (55.2%). Regarding the structures injured, the CT showed 6.7% lesions on airways but the surgery showed 40% of damaged, with a value of p=0.002. As to damages of the esophagus and pharynx the CT detected 10% of lesions, while surgery found 30% of lesions, therefore with a significant value of p=0.013. As for the analysis the CT showed reliable. As for the analysis of vascular damage, the CT showed to be, in most cases, reliable to the findings during the surgical act. CONCLUSION: besides the great use of CT for the diagnosis of penetrating neck injuries we can say that this is an exam with low accuracy for the diagnosis of lesions of aerodigestive tract, therefore it is important a clinical correlation for a good diagnosis.as for the vascular lesions and of other structures, the CT had high sensibility and specificity, thus a good exam to be used in overall.

Epidemiological profile of work-related accidents with biological exposure among medical students in a surgical emergency room.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accidents with biological material among medical students interning in a trauma emergency room and identify key related situations, attributed causes and prevention. METHODS: we conducted a study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire applied via internet, with closed, multiple-choice questions regarding accidents with biological material. The sample comprised 100 students. RESULTS: thirty-two had accidents with biological material. Higher-risk activities were local anesthesia (39.47%), suture (18.42%) and needle recapping (15.79%). The main routes of exposure to biological material were the eyes or mucosa, with 34%, and syringe needle puncture, with 45%. After contamination, only 52% reported the accident to the responsible department. CONCLUSION: The main causes of accidents and routes of exposure found may be attributed to several factors, such as lack of training and failure to use personal protective equipment. Educational and preventive actions are extremely important to reduce the incidence of accidents with biological materials and improve the conduct of post-exposure. It is important to understand the main causes attributed and situations related, so as general and effective measures can be applied.

Guidelines for discharge: do standardized cards help in patient understanding?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of discharge standard illustrated cards improves understanding of patients in the emergency room. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, interventional study with 228 patients discharged from the emergency department. All patients were interviewed and tested for the level of understanding of discharge instructions. Some of them received the intervention, with the standard cards, and another did not, constituting the control group. RESULTS: The average of followed discharge guidelines of the group that received the cards was higher than the control group, with statistical significance (p=0.009). When segregated by age, the group between 16 and 35 years of both sexes had the best average of followed guidelines, statistically, than the average of the control group (p=0.01). The difference between the mean orientations between the control group and the card for patients undergoing procedures was statistically significant (p=0.02); as for the stratification according to the number of procedures, the significance increases when that is equal to 1 (p=0.001) and decreased the more procedures were carried out. CONCLUSION: The introduction of discharge standard orientation cards was associated with improvement in the understanding of patients. Without replacing the verbal directions, which establishes dialogue and doctor-patient bonding, cards appear as auxiliary elements, facilitating understanding and care guidelines.

Perfil epidemiológico de acidentes com material biológico entre estudantes de medicina em um pronto-socorro cirúrgico / Epidemiological profile of work-related accidents with biological exposure among medical students in a surgical emergency room

OBJETIVO: avaliar os acidentes com material biológico entre estudantes de medicina estagiando em um pronto-socorro de trauma e identificar as principais situações relacionadas, causas atribuídas e prevenção. MÉTODOS: estudo com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário, aplicado via internet, contendo perguntas fechadas de escolha múltipla, referentes a acidentes com material biológico. A amostra obtida foi 100 estudantes. RESULTADOS: trinta e dois se acidentaram com materiais biológicos. As atividades de maior risco foram anestesia local (39,47%), sutura (18,42%) e recapeamento de agulha (15,79%). As principais vias de exposição ao material biológico foram contato com olho ou mucosa, com 34%, através de seringa com agulha com 45%. Após a contaminação, apenas 52% notificaram o acidente ao setor responsável. CONCLUSÃO: as principais causas de acidente encontradas e vias de exposição podem ser atribuídas a diversos fatores, como falta de treinamento e ao não uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Ações preventivas e educativas são de extrema importância para diminuir a incidência dos acidentes com materiais biológicos e melhorar a conduta pós-exposição. É preciso entender as principais causas atribuídas e situações relacionadas a fim de implantar medidas gerais e eficazes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accidents with biological material among medical students interning in a trauma emergency room and identify key related situations, attributed causes and prevention. METHODS: we conducted a study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire applied via internet, with closed, multiple-choice questions regarding accidents with biological material. The sample comprised 100 students. RESULTS: thirty-two had accidents with biological material. Higher-risk activities were local anesthesia (39.47%), suture (18.42%) and needle recapping (15.79%). The main routes of exposure to biological material were the eyes or mucosa, with 34%, and syringe needle puncture, with 45%. After contamination, only 52% reported the accident to the responsible department. CONCLUSION: The main causes of accidents and routes of exposure found may be attributed to several factors, such as lack of training and failure to use personal protective equipment. Educational and preventive actions are extremely important to reduce the incidence of accidents with biological materials and improve the conduct of post-exposure. It is important to understand the main causes attributed and situations related, so as general and effective measures can be applied.

Orientações de alta: cartões padronizados ajudam na compreensão dos pacientes do pronto socorro? / Guidelines for discharge: do standardized cards help in patient understanding?

OBJETIVO: determinar se a adição de cartões padronizados de alta ilustrados melhora a compreensão dos pacientes do pronto socorro. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo, randomizado e intervencionista com uma amostra de 228 pacientes que receberam alta do pronto socorro. Todos os pacientes foram entrevistados e testados quanto ao grau de compreensão das orientações de alta, sendo que uma parte havia recebido a intervenção com cartões padronizados e outra não, constituindo o grupo controle. RESULTADOS: a média de orientações domiciliares do grupo que recebeu o cartão de alta foi superior ao do grupo controle, com significância estatística de p=0,009. Se fracionado tal dado segundo faixas etárias, aquela compreendida entre 16 e 35 anos, para ambos os sexos, foi a qual a média de orientações do grupo com o cartão é melhor, estatisticamente, do que a média do grupo controle (p=0,01). A diferença entre as médias de orientações entre o grupo controle e o cartão para os pacientes submetidos a procedimentos foi significativa estatisticamente (p= 0,02) e em uma estratificação segundo o número de procedimentos, a significância aumenta quando aquele é igual a 1 (p=0,001) e diminui quanto mais procedimentos são realizados. CONCLUSÃO: A instituição de cartões de alta padronizados foi associada com a melhoria na compreensão dos pacientes. Sem substituir as orientações verbais, que estabelecem o diálogo e a aproximação médico-paciente, os cartões figuram como elementos auxiliares, facilitando as orientações e entendimento do cuidado.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of discharge standard illustrated cards improves understanding of patients in the emergency room. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, interventional study with 228 patients discharged from the emergency department. All patients were interviewed and tested for the level of understanding of discharge instructions. Some of them received the intervention, with the standard cards, and another did not, constituting the control group. RESULTS: The average of followed discharge guidelines of the group that received the cards was higher than the control group, with statistical significance (p=0.009). When segregated by age, the group between 16 and 35 years of both sexes had the best average of followed guidelines, statistically, than the average of the control group (p=0.01). The difference between the mean orientations between the control group and the card for patients undergoing procedures was statistically significant (p=0.02); as for the stratification according to the number of procedures, the significance increases when that is equal to 1 (p=0.001) and decreased the more procedures were carried out. CONCLUSION: The introduction of discharge standard orientation cards was associated with improvement in the understanding of patients. Without replacing the verbal directions, which establishes dialogue and doctor-patient bonding, cards appear as auxiliary elements, facilitating understanding and care guidelines.

Emergency room volunteer internship: an instrument for quality in medical training.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of medical student's voluntary internship at the Emergency Room of the Workers Hospital (ER-HT) in the choice of medical specialty and its importance during graduation. METHODS: A questionnaire was given to doctors and medical students that performed internships at ER-HT for e" 500 hours, from March 2000 until March 2012. RESULTS: A total of 765 medical students and doctors performed e" 500 hours of practical activities at ER-HT and 390 answered the questionnaire - 37,9% chose surgical specialties and 24,1% clinical. Internship was crucial in choosing a career for 82,3%, and was a positive influence for 83,8%. Regarding the increment in interpersonal relationship, grade e" 8 was given by 61% of the participants for relationship with other professionals, 71% for relationship with colleagues and 63% for relationship with patients. The internship increased self-confidence for 92% and 75% reported an increase in technical knowledge. The training was considered useful and necessary for medical education to 80% of participants. CONCLUSION: Contribution provided by ER internships is undeniable for medical education and often influences students on choosing their medical specialties. The situations faced by students during these activities enable the development of intelligence in areas other than purely technical, which reflects in their medical practice.

Estágio voluntário em pronto socorro: instrumento para a formação médica de qualidade / Emergency room volunteer internship: an instrument for quality in medical training

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência do estágio voluntário em Medicina no Pronto Socorro do Hospital do Trabalhador (PS-HT) na escolha da especialidade médica e sua importância na formação acadêmica. MÉTODOS: Análise do questionário aplicado a médicos e estudantes que estagiaram no Pronto Socorro por 500 horas ou mais, no período de março de 2000 a março de 2012. RESULTADOS: Dos 765 acadêmicos que realizaram mais de 500 horas de atividades práticas no PS-HT, 390 responderam ao questionário - 37,9% com inclinação para especialidade cirúrgica e 24,1% para clínica. O estágio foi determinante na escolha da carreira em 82,3% dos casos, sendo em 83,8% uma influência positiva. Quanto ao incremento das relações interpessoais, 61% dos participantes deu nota e" oito para o relacionamento com outros profissionais da área da saúde, por 71% para o relacionamento com colegas e por 63% no relacionamento com pacientes. O estágio possibilitou aumento da autoconfiança para 92% dos entrevistados e 75% afirmaram incremento no conhecimento técnico. O treinamento foi considerado útil e necessário para a formação acadêmica por 80% dos participantes. CONCLUSÃO: A contribuição do estágio em PS é inegável para a formação médica de qualidade e, na maioria das vezes, uma influência para a escolha da especialidade médica. As diversas situações a que os acadêmicos se deparam os fazem desenvolver inteligências em diversas áreas que não a puramente técnica e aplicada, o que se reflete na prática médica, independente da área ou especialidade.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of medical student's voluntary internship at the Emergency Room of the Workers Hospital (ER-HT) in the choice of medical specialty and its importance during graduation. METHODS: A questionnaire was given to doctors and medical students that performed internships at ER-HT for e" 500 hours, from March 2000 until March 2012. RESULTS: A total of 765 medical students and doctors performed e" 500 hours of practical activities at ER-HT and 390 answered the questionnaire - 37,9% chose surgical specialties and 24,1% clinical. Internship was crucial in choosing a career for 82,3%, and was a positive influence for 83,8%. Regarding the increment in interpersonal relationship, grade e" 8 was given by 61% of the participants for relationship with other professionals, 71% for relationship with colleagues and 63% for relationship with patients. The internship increased self-confidence for 92% and 75% reported an increase in technical knowledge. The training was considered useful and necessary for medical education to 80% of participants. CONCLUSION: Contribution provided by ER internships is undeniable for medical education and often influences students on choosing their medical specialties. The situations faced by students during these activities enable the development of intelligence in areas other than purely technical, which reflects in their medical practice.

Extra-curricular supervised training at an academic hospital: is 200 hours the threshold for medical students to perform well in an emergency room?

INTRODUCTION: Due to high number of jobs in Emergency Medicine (EM) and the lack of specialist to work in this field, recent graduates work in the emergency room straight after medical school. Additional courses on EM are available through Academic Leagues. This organizations offer lectures and supervised extra-curricular practical activities in their teaching university-affiliated hospital. The objectives of the present study are to assess the influence of hours undertaken in the extra-curricular practical activities on the performance and confidence of students in carrying out the different procedures in the emergency department, and on their own perception of how well they did. Also, to assess the influence the practical activities have on student´s future choice of specialty. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study conducted by collecting data through a questionnaire. 102 eligible individuals were included and divided into two groups according to the number of extra-curricular hours performed (Group 1- up to 200 hours and Group 2- over 200 hours). RESULTS: Students in Group 2 (over 200 hours) had a greater number of procedures performed on all variables evaluated, in particular, initial patient care (mean 363.8 vs.136.905 in Group 1 - p = 0.001), Simple Sutures (mean of 96.2 vs 33.980 respectively) ( p = 0.00003). To determine patient follow-up by the student, the number of initial patient care was correlated with number of discharge procedures performed (in Group 1, 49.6% of patients were not followed up and discharged by the same students who first talked to them in the hospital. While in Group 2, this value becomes 29.4 % - values for Group 1 - p = 0.011 and Group 2 - p = 0.117). Regarding the influence of the practical extra-curricular activities, 76.5% of the total reported that it had influenced their choice of future specialty. CONCLUSIONS: The aptitude, confidence and skill of students are closely linked to the practice time (number of training hours served). Two hundred hours appeared to be a relatively significant time for the student to demonstrate good conduct and ability. Practical extra-curricular activities had the ability to influence the future choice of specialty, either positively or negatively.

Mesenteric thrombosis in patient victim of blunt abdominal trauma with fatal outcome / Trombose mesentérica em vítima de trauma abdominal fechado com desfecho fatal

BACKGROUND: Mesenteric thrombosis related to trauma is an uncommon entity and has poor prognosis when have low flow and hemorrhagic shock. It usually presents with a challenging diagnosis and high mortality rates, despite appropriate treatment. CASE REPORT: Patient with blunt trauma was admitted and initial treatment, complementary exams showed ribs and humerus fractures. Computerized tomography showed aerial distension in small bowels along with gastric stasis and hidropneumothorax. The patient had hypotension during clinical observation and cardiopulmonary arrest, responding to reanimation. Taken to surgery for damage control, it was found extensive necrosis of right colon, which was excised and performed primary anastomosis. He was admitted in the intensive care unit, evolving with oliguria, miosis, convulsion, and pulseless electric activity, dying three days after hospital admission. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, mesenteric ischemia with venous thrombosis might be secondary to systemic hypotension, frequently followed by fatal outcomes.

INTRODUÇÃO: Trombose mesentérica, relacionada a trauma é entidade incomum, com pobre prognóstico quando seguida de estados de baixo fluxo e choque hipovolêmico. Geralmente apresenta-se com quadro de difícil diagnóstico, cuja mortalidade é elevada a despeito de tratamento adequado. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente submetido a trauma, após admissão hospitalar e atendimento inicial, exames radiológicos demonstraram fratura de costela e úmero. Tomografia computadorizada evidenciou distensão aérea em intestino delgado associada à estase gástrica e hidropneumotórax. O paciente evoluiu com hipotensão durante o período de observação clínica e parada cardiorrespiratória que respondeu à reanimação. Levado para operação para controle de danos, encontrou-se extensa necrose de cólon ascendente. Realizou-se hemicolectomia direita com íleotransversostomia. Levado à unidade de terapia intensiva, evoluiu com oligúria, miose, convulsão e atividade elétrica sem pulso, falecendo três dias após dar entrada no hospital. CONCLUSÃO: Embora incomum, isquemia mesentérica com trombose venosa pode ser secundária à hipotensão sistêmica, com desfecho fatal.

Mesenteric thrombosis in patient victim of blunt abdominal trauma / Trombose mesentérica em vítima de trauma abdominal fechado

INTRODUCTION: Mesenteric thrombosis related to trauma is an uncommon entity and has poor prognosis when associated to low perfusion and hemorrhagic shock. Usually presents a challenging diagnosis and high mortality rates, despite appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE: To relate a case of a car accident and blunt abdominal trauma with terminal ileum and right colon necrosis. CASE REPORT: After initial procedures, complementary exams showed ribs and humerus fractures. Computerized tomography evidenced aerial distension in small bowel, gastric stasis and hidro-pneumothorax. Hypotension was observed during clinical observation followed by cardiopulmonary arrest, responding to reanimation. At surgery, it was found extensive necrosis of right colon and terminal ileum, and an ileum-transversostomy was performed with primary anastomosis. During the staying in intensive care unit, oliguria, miosis, convulsion and pulseless electric activity happened with death in three days after hospital admission. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, mesenteric ischemia with venous thrombosis might be secondary to blunt abdominal trauma and must be considered in a bad abdominal evolution.

INTRODUÇÃO: Trombose mesentérica, relacionada à trauma é entidade incomum com pobre prognóstico quando seguida de estados de baixo fluxo e choque hipovolêmico. Geralmente se apresenta com quadro de difícil diagnóstico, mortalidade elevada a despeito de tratamento adequado. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um caso de vítima de atropelamento que evoluiu com necrose de cólon direito e íleo terminal. RELATO DO CASO: Após admissão hospitalar e atendimento inicial, os exames complementares mostraram fratura de costela e úmero. Tomografia computadorizada evidenciou distensão aérea em intestino delgado associada à estase gástrica e hidropneumotórax. O paciente evoluiu com hipotensão durante o período de observação clínica, com parada cardiorespiratória, respondendo à reanimação. Levado para procedimento cirúrgico, encontrou-se extensa necrose de cólon ascendente e parte terminal do íleo. Realizou-se hemicolectomia direita com ileotransversostomia. Em cuidados de UTI, evoluiu com oliguria, miose, convulsão e atividade elétrica sem pulso, falecendo três dias após. CONCLUSÃO: Embora incomum, isquemia mesentérica com trombose venosa pode ser secundária a trauma abdominal fechado.

Resposta inflamatória na síndrome compartimental com e sem sepse de origem abdominal / Inflamatory response in abdominal compartment syndrome with and without sepse from abdomen

Para avaliar a resposta inflamatória envolvida na síndrome compartimental abdominal (SCA) com e sem sepse de origem abdominal, utilizamos modelo experimental em ratos para avaliar marcadores inflamatórios hematológicos como: hemograma, gasometria arterial, TNF e IL-6. Com base nos resultados encontrados concluímos que a associação de sepse e SCA exacerbou as respostas produzidas pela sepse e SCA exacerbou as respostas produzidas pela sepse e pela SCA isoladamente / To evaluate the inflamatory response involved in sepsis and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) we used na experimental model with mice to evaluate haematologic inflamatory markers such as: haemogram, arterial gas blood, TNF and IL-6. Based on results found, we concluded that the asociation between sepsis and ACS increased the response yeieled by sepsis and ACS in separate...

Enfisema subcutâneo em membro inferior de origem gastrointestinal / Subcutaneous emphysema of the lower extremity of gastrointestinal origin

A presença de enfisema subcutâneo em membro inferior secundário a patologia gastrointestinal é muito rara. O diagnóstico diferencial é feito principalmente com mionecrose causada por germes produtores de gás (gangrena gasosa). Relatamos um caso de enfisema subcutâneo devido a perfuração de reto. Somente o diagnóstico precoce, associado com terapêutica cirúrgica agressiva, pode prevenir a alta mortalidade desta condição clínica