RESUMO
This comprehensive review delves into the current updates and challenges associated with the management of low-grade gliomas (LGG), the predominant primary tumors in the central nervous system. With a general incidence rate of 5.81 per 100000, gliomas pose a significant global concern, necessitating advancements in treatment techniques to reduce mortality and morbidity. This review places a particular focus on immunotherapies, discussing promising agents such as Zotiraciclib and Lerapolturev. Zotiraciclib, a CDK9 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in glioblastoma treatment in preclinical and clinical studies, showing its potential as a therapeutic breakthrough. Lerapolturev, a viral immunotherapy, induces inflammation in glioblastoma and displays positive outcomes in both adult and pediatric patients. Exploration of immunotherapy extends to Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, and Entrectinib, revealing the challenges and variabilities in patient responses. Despite promising preclinical data, the monoclonal antibody Depatuxizumab has proven ineffective in glioblastoma treatment, emphasizing the critical need to understand resistance mechanisms. The review also covers the success of radiation therapy in pediatric LGG, with evolving techniques, such as proton therapy, showing potential improvements in patient quality of life. Surgical treatment is discussed in the context of achieving a balance between preserving the patient's quality of life and attaining gross total resection, with the extent of surgical resection significantly influencing the survival outcomes. In addition to advancements in cancer vaccine development, this review highlights the evolving landscape of LGG treatment, emphasizing a shift toward personalized and targeted therapies. Ongoing research is essential for refining strategies and enhancing outcomes in the management of LGG.
RESUMO
Glabellar frown lines, also known as worry lines, are a common sign of aging. The current treatment option for glabellar lines is subjective and ranges from economical anti-wrinkle creams and skin resurfacing techniques such as microdermabrasion and fillers to highly expensive facelifts. Botox® has been the mainstream treatment for decades, but the suggested time between treatments for most toxins is 12-16 weeks, and evidence shows that patients being treated for glabellar lines want longer-lasting results. Recently, on September 16th, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the development of daxibotulinumtoxinA (DAXI) for injection based on clinical trials (SAKURA 1, 2, and 3). These encouraging findings followed by FDA approval mean that the need for repeated treatments to sustain the desired outcome has decreased. DAXI could be a reliable and secure choice for reducing the appearance of wrinkles on the face caused by muscle activity, and its long duration has the potential to enhance the treatment of both therapeutic and cosmetic disorders.
