[COMPLEX IMMUNOGLOBULIN PREPARATION FOR THERAPY OF PERTUSSIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN].

AIM: Study the possibility of inclusion of complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP) pos- sessing specific activity against pertussis exotoxins into complex therapy of pertussis infection in young children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: -2 groups of children with.pertussis younger than 3 years were examined. The main group (50 individuals) received CIPper os - 1 dose 1 - 2 times per day for 5 days, comparison group (34 children) received only basic therapy. Evaluation of clinical effectiveness of CIP was carried out, the content of anti-pertussis class G antibodies and total IgE in patients were studied. RESULTS: A good clinical effectiveness of the preparation was shown, as well as immune modulating activity against humoral immune response to pertussis infection. CONCLUSION: The detected positive effect of CIP on pertussis -course in children has indicated a principally novel use of this per oral drug form.

[Assessment of clinical-instrumental, morphological data and expression of coxsackie adenovirus receptor in patients with inflammatory cardiac pathology].

In 22 patients with heart failure and/or ventricular arrhythmias presumably of inflammatory etiology the results of clinical and instrumental investigation were analyzed and compared to the endomyocardial biopsy data. In the subgroup of patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) we revealed features indicative of lesser contribution of inflammatory destruction in pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. The only virus, detected in biopsy samples, was parvovirus B19. Its persistence in myocardium was not related to activity of inflammation and severity of clinical course. Increased expression of Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) was found in 20 patients. It was not related to inflammatory cells infiltration and virus persistence in myocardium. Patients with most prominent CAR expression were characteried by right heart dilatation, more severe heart failure and absence of LBBB. Enhancement of CAR expression could reflect the attempt of organism to repair intercellular communications between cardiomyocites and to protect cells from the products of necrotic lysis during long standing inflammation.

[Evaluation of the commercial ELISA test-systems of different formats to detect specific IgM and IgG in the measles patients sera].

Nine commercial kits of "captured" and "indirect" format ELISA assay for the detection of specific IgM and IgG in sera of patients with measles were compared to each other. 72 sera specimens from typical medium-severity cases from a measles outbreak (2010) were collected on the 5-6th day after the rash onset. IgM was detected with "capture" tests (Vecto-Measles IgM, Vector Best, Measles IgM capture EIA, Microimmune Ltd) close to 100% of cases, irrespectively to the age and the initial vaccination status of the patients. The IgM result was negative in 23.6% by average while investigating using "indirect" format tests (Enzygnost Anti-Measles Virusll/IgM, Siemens; Anti-Measles Viruses ELISA (IgM), Eurominimum, Virion-Serion IgM (GmbH). These cases were in adults, the majority of which had 1-2 vaccinations in the past. The analysis of the presented data shows high correlation connection between the tests used and high confidence level for OD IgM and IgG of the sera of the patients with the primary and secondary immune response.

[Peculiarity of the laboratory diagnostic of the measles virus infection in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated patients].

119 specimens of blood sera collected from measles cases with different vaccination history (aged 4 months to 48 years) on 5th-6th days after rash onset were Investigated using EIA. The obtained results showed that the primary immune response (PIR) was developed in 59 patients; the secondary immune response (SIR) was developed in 60 patients with a significant increase in the specific high avidity IgG (22.34 IU/ml +/- 3.2). The specific IgM were detected in 100% cases studied with capture ELISA in both previously vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals of different age. The specific IgM were detected by indirect ELISA in 100% cases in unvaccinated patients, while IgM positive sera was defined only in 23.3% of individuals with SIR. It was concluded that measles virus infection in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated adults had clinical differences. The role of patients with SIR in virus transmission was discussed.

Genetic variability of wild-type measles viruses, circulating in the Russian Federation during the implementation of the National Measles Elimination Program, 2003-2007.

Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses (MVs) is an important component of laboratory surveillance of measles. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis was performed of the nucleoprotein gene sequences of 228 MVs isolated in the Russian Federation between 2003 and 2007. Five genotypes, D4, D5, D6, D8, and H1, were detected. From 1999 through the first 6 months of 2003, the most prevalent genotype in the European part of Russia was D4. All genotype D4-type viruses were closely related to each other (with overall sequence diversity of

High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European Region, 2005-2006.

During 2005-2006, nine measles virus (MV) genotypes were identified throughout the World Health Organization European Region. All major epidemics were associated with genotypes D4, D6, and B3. Other genotypes (B2, D5, D8, D9, G2, and H1) were only found in limited numbers of cases after importation from other continents. The genetic diversity of endemic D6 strains was low; genotypes C2 and D7, circulating in Europe until recent years, were no longer identified. The transmission chains of several indigenous MV strains may thus have been interrupted by enhanced vaccination. However, multiple importations from Africa and Asia and virus introduction into highly mobile and unvaccinated communities caused a massive spread of D4 and B3 strains throughout much of the region. Thus, despite the reduction of endemic MV circulation, importation of MV from other continents caused prolonged circulation and large outbreaks after their introduction into unvaccinated and highly mobile communities.

[Genetic analysis of wild measles virus strains isolated in the european part of the Russian Federation]. / Geneticheskii analiz dikikh shtammov virusa kori, izolirovannykh v evropeiskoi chasti RF.

Eleven wild measles virus isolated, in 1988 and in 1999-2001 in the European territory of the Russian Federation, were investigated. On the basis of an analysis of N-gene region sequences, encoding the COOH terminal end of nucleoprotein, the isolates were divided into 2 subgroups. According to the WHO classification, subgroup 1 was in line with genotype A and subgroup 2--with genotype D. Subgroup 2 was close to genotype D4 but differed from it according to its composition of nucleotides on the average by 2.8%, and according to its amino-acid composition--by 2.6%. with respect to the WHO criteria, the latter can be referred to preliminarily as an independent genotype. Finally, the measles viruses' strains of genetic groups A and D circulated in the Russian Federation in 1988, and in 1999-2001.

[Antigenic activity of measles immunostimulating complex]. / Antigennaia aktivnost' korevogo immunostimuliruiushchego kompleksa.

The liposomal technology for preparing the immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) helped obtain a complex measles preparation whose antigens are represented by the structural proteins of measles virus in the bilayer phosphate-lipid membrane. Immunization of mice with the resultant preparation induced antimeasles antibodies with the maximum titer of antihemagglutinins 1:640 and of antihemolysins 1:1280. The biological activity of antibodies was confirmed in the neutralization test.

[Antibodies to the structural proteins of the measles virus studied in some chronic diseases]. / Issledovanie antitel k strukturnym belkam virusa kori pri nekotorykh khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of antibodies to measles virus (MV) structural proteins (SP) in sera from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and liver cirrhosis (LC) was done. The patients were shown to have neutralizing antibody titres (NAT) higher than those in healthy subjects. An analysis of antibodies to SP was carried out by the radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Antibodies were detected to hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein (NP), fusion protein and to matrix protein (M) both in sera from the patients with these chronic diseases, healthy subjects, and patients with active measles. (The two latter groups were selected for comparison). However, some patients with CAH and LC had no antibodies to M protein in spite of very high NAT. The quantitative analysis of MV antibodies to SP was done only for NP because this antibody had the least individual variations. The quantity of anti-NP antibodies was higher in most sera from patients with chronic diseases than in those from healthy subjects, and reached the level of that in patients with active measles. The presence of MV genome in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients CAH, CGN, and LC had been shown earlier. So it is assumed that MV persists in lymphoid tissue where the expression of all SP genes is realized.

Wild measles virus strain: isolation and identification.

Four isolates of measles virus (Gag, Il, Buk and Shed) were obtained from suspensions of mononuclear cells from patients at the active stage of the disease. Vero cells were used for the virus isolation. All the isolates caused in the infected cell culture the appearance of symplasts of differently sized, star- or spindle-shaped multinuclear cells. The specificity of cytopathic effect was proved by the adsorption of monkey erythrocytes on the surface of cells infected by virus. The isolates were identified in virus neutralization (VN) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with different immune preparations: measles-globulin (standard), hyperimmune sera to rubella and mumps viruses, Sch. Zonne and Sch. Flexneria, as well as with conjugates of sera from measles patients and those vaccinated with live measles vaccine (LMV) L-16.

[The isolation of measles virus strains and the study of their hemagglutinating activity]. / Vydelenie shtammov virusa kori i izuchenie ikh gemaggliutiniruiushchei aktivnosti.

Three measles strains Gag, Il, and Buk, were isolated from a suspension of mononuclear cells derived from measles patients in the active stage of the disease. Continuous Vero cell cultures were used for virus isolation. In the infected cell culture, all the isolates produced symplasts of different sizes and star-shaped or spindle-shaped multinuclear cells. The specificity of the cytopathic effect was proved by the adsorption of monkey erythrocytes on the surface of virus-affected cells. The isolates were identified in neutralization and HI tests with different immune preparations: measles gamma-globulin (national standard), hyperimmune rabbit sera to measles (Edmonston strain), rubella, and mumps viruses, S. sonnei and S. flexneri, as well as with sera from measles patients and subjects vaccinated with live measles vaccine L-16. The results of identification attest to isolation of 3 measles virus strains, one of which (Buk) possesses particularly high hemagglutinating activity.