AgVI and Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures from Vateria indica (L.) exert antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic efficacy on triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro.

Human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive cancer type accounts for about 15-20% of global breast cancer cases. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of pure silver (AgVI) and silver/zinc oxide (Ag/ZnOVI) nanostructures was evaluated against the TNBC cells. The nanostructures synthesized from a green route using Vateria indica (L.) fruit extract were characterized to scrutinize their formation, crystal phase, size, shape, and surface properties via FTIR, PXRD, FE-SEM coupled with EDS spectroscopy, and BET analysis. The results of the studies have unveiled the formation of 26.43 nm and 20.97 nm sized AgVI and Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures in their purest form. The in-vitro anticancer study performed on human TNBC cells [MDA-MB468] revealed the enhancement in the antiproliferative potentiality of bimetallic Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures from 66.99 ± 0.13 to 79.73 ± 0.23 in comparison to pure AgVI nanostructures. In addition to this, the greenish yellow-fluorescence observed in the TNBC nuclei during the AO-EB staining study manifested the early apoptosis. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity study performed on the human RBC and normal NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts cells proved the biocompatibility and non-toxic nature of the synthesized nanostructures with membrane stabilization percentage up to 94.5 ± 0.001. Additionally, the antioxidant and antidiabetic studies carried out have corroborated the radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibition capability up to 85.87 ± 0.001 and 89.60 ± 0.002 % respectively. Thus the overall results of the study substantiate the superlative antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative property of green synthesized AgVI and Ag/ZnOVI nanostructures with excellent biocompatibility.

Poly (caprolactone)/sodium-alginate-functionalized halloysite clay nanotube nanocomposites: Potent biocompatible materials for wound healing applications.

In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were subjected to surface functionalization using sodium alginate and incorporated into poly(caprolactone) (PCL) to fabricate nanocomposites for potential wound healing applications. The nanocomposite films were fabricated through the solution casting technique and characterized using various instrumental methods. The films exhibited enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. FE-SEM and AFM analyses confirmed the uniform dispersion of the HNTs and increased roughness of the films, respectively. The swelling properties, in-vitro enzymatic degradation, and anti-inflammatory activity of the films were also analyzed. The MTT assay performed using NIH3T3 cell lines revealed enhanced cell proliferation (126 ± 1.38) of 5 wt% film. Besides, the cell adhesion tests of the films revealed their cytocompatibility. The scratch assay tests conducted for observing the effectiveness of the films for wound closure showed that the 5 wt% film offered a higher rate of fibroblast cell migration (32.24 ± 0.49) than the pristine PCL film. The HRBCMS assay demonstrated the hemocompatibility of these films. The biological test results indicated the delayed enzymatic degradability and haemocompatiblity of nanocomposites with enhanced cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell migration capabilities with respect to fibroblast cells. In summary, the synthesized nanocomposite films can be effectively used in wound healing applications after further clinical trials.

Unravelling the human triple negative breast cancer suppressive activity of biocompatible zinc oxide nanostructures influenced by Vateria indica (L.) fruit phytochemicals.

The present study delineates the biosynthesis of ZnOVI nanostructures by using aqueous fruit extract of V. indica. The study has disclosed the role of V. indica fruit extract as both reducing and capping agents, ushering the formation of ZnOVI nanostructures with distinct morphologies. The formation of ZnOVI nanostructures was corroborated by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy which was further substantiated by the elemental composition study through EDS spectroscopy. The nanostructures were also investigated by Rietveld refinement of PXRD data, FE-SEM, and BET analysis. The morphology, size, and surface area were found to be precursor stoichiometry dependent. The in-vitro cytotoxicity study of ZnOVI nanostructures carried out on MDA-MB468 human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells has revealed their potential cytotoxicity (91.18 ± 1.98). MTT assay performed on the NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells has unfolded the non-toxic nature of ZnOVI nanostructures. Additionally, the results of the AO-EB dual staining assay indicated early apoptosis in TNBC cells by displaying greenish yellow-fluorescence in the nuclei. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement study has confirmed the elevated intracellular levels of ROS, supporting the oxidative-stress induced cytotoxicity in ZnOVI nanostructures treated TNBC cells. Furthermore, the haemocompatibility of ZnOVI nanostructures was evaluated using human erythrocytes. Thus, the obtained results have shown greater potential in the anticancer activity of bio-fabricated ZnOVI nanostructures.

Functionalization of halloysite nanotube with chitosan reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites for potential biomedical applications.

The present study reports the preparation of novel surface functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with chitosan incorporated Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite films with desirable properties. Surface functionalization of HNTs with Chitosan through hydrogen bonding via acylation with succinic anhydride; supramolecular interaction was confirmed by spectroscopic and morphological analysis. The functionalized HNTs incorporated in the PVA matrix were subjected to FTIR studies, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal, mechanical properties, Water Contact Angle, swelling ratio analysis and in-vitro biocompatibility studies. Results of the morphological studies showed that functionalized HNTs were uniformly dispersed and showed improved surface roughness with increasing weight percent of functionalized HNTs in the films. The studies revealed significant enhancement in the mechanical and thermal properties compared with the pristine PVA film. The hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of films were analysed with WCA and results were compared with swelling studies. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic degradation and cellular behaviour studies performed on mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3) cells and results confirmed enhanced proliferative and adhesion activity of nanocomposite films compared to that of pristine PVA films. In addition, hemocompatibility studies carried out using human erythrocytes revealed the biocompatible and hemocompatible of nanocomposite films indicating their greater potential for tissue engineering.