RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD) requieren un mayor nivel de autonomía personal e interacción con el entorno que las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD). Pocos estudios analizan el déficit funcional en AIVD. La detección temprana del déficit es importante, pues una acción temprana puede retrasar la evolución del proceso de dependencia. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de déficit funcional en AIVD de pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD), su relación con el déficit funcional en la ABVD y su influencia en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 66 pacientes en HD. Se utilizaron diferentes escalas: Lawton y Brody (dependencia AIVD), Delta (dependencia ABVD), y COOP-WONCA (CVRS). Se recogieron datos clínicos (edad, sexo, etiología de la ERC, meses en HD, estado civil, situación laboral). RESULTADOS: El 80,3% de los pacientes estudiados tenía algún grado de dependencia para el AIVD (57,5% en grado moderado/severo) y 40,8% para el ABVD (9% en grado moderado/severo). Ambos tipos de dependencia mostraron correlación (R: -0.583; p = 0,000). La edad y la situación laboral influyen en la dependencia de las AIVD y las ABVD. Los pacientes con mayor dependencia de la AIVD tuvieron una peor CVRS (p < 0,000) con mayores diferencias en las dimensiones: "actividades diarias", "actividades sociales" y "apoyo social". CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes de HD presentan más dependencia a las AIVD que a las ABVD, y con mayor severidad y ambos tipos de dependencia influyen sobre la CVRS. Detectar precozmente la discapacidad en las AIVD puede servir para iniciar programas de intervención y prevenir, revertir o retrasar la progresión
INTRODUCTION: Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADL) requires a higher level of personal autonomy and interaction with the environment than the basic activities of daily life (BADL). Few studies analyze the deficit on IADL. Early detection is important because an early action can delay the evolution of the dependency process. AIM: to know the prevalence of functional deficit in IADL of hemodialysis patients, its relationship with the functional deficit in the BADL and its influence on the health related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 66 patients on HD. Different scales were used: Lawton and Brody (AIVD dependency), Delta (BADL dependency), and COOP-WONCA (HRQOL). Clinical data were collected (age, sex, CKD etiology, months in HD, marital status, employment situation). RESULTS: 80.3% of the patients had some degree of dependence for the IADL (57.5% in moderate/severe degree) and 40.8% for the BADL (9% in moderate/severe degree). There was a correlation between dependence to the BADL and AIVD. Age and employment status influence the dependence on IADL and BADL. Patients with greater dependence on IADL had worse HRQoL (P < .000). The dimensions in which they showed greater differences were "Daily activities", "Social activities" and "Social support". CONCLUSIONS: HD patients are more dependent on IADL than on ADL and with a higher degree of severity and the level of dependence in both types of activities has important influence on HRQoL. Early detection of the occurrence of disability in the realization of IADL can be used to initiate intervention programs that help to prevent, reverse or delay the progression
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Atividades Cotidianas , Qualidade de Vida , Diálise Renal/instrumentação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos Transversais , Diálise Renal/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Terapia Ocupacional/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADL) requires a higher level of personal autonomy and interaction with the environment than the basic activities of daily life (BADL). Few studies analyze the deficit on IADL. Early detection is important because an early action can delay the evolution of the dependency process. AIM: to know the prevalence of functional deficit in IADL of hemodialysis patients, its relationship with the functional deficit in the BADL and its influence on the health related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 66 patients on HD. Different scales were used: Lawton and Brody (AIVD dependency), Delta (BADL dependency), and COOP-WONCA (HRQOL). Clinical data were collected (age, sex, CKD etiology, months in HD, marital status, employment situation). RESULTS: 80.3% of the patients had some degree of dependence for the IADL (57.5% in moderate/severe degree) and 40.8% for the BADL (9% in moderate/severe degree). There was a correlation between dependence to the BADL and AIVD. Age and employment status influence the dependence on IADL and BADL. Patients with greater dependence on IADL had worse HRQoL (P<.000). The dimensions in which they showed greater differences were "Daily activities", "Social activities" and "Social support". CONCLUSIONS: HD patients are more dependent on IADL than on ADL and with a higher degree of severity and the level of dependence in both types of activities has important influence on HRQoL. Early detection of the occurrence of disability in the realization of IADL can be used to initiate intervention programs that help to prevent, reverse or delay the progression.
