[Possibilities of study of the main cytokines of the immune system in patients with osteogenic sarcoma].

The aim of the study was to investigate the spontaneous production of the major cytokines of the immune system in patients with osteogenic sarcoma. There were studied serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10) as well as the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It was revealed a misbalance in the presence of the main cytokines of the immune system in patients with osteosarcoma appeared by a significant increase in both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There was found an increase of the most aggressive tissue cytokines (IL-6 and VEGF), which played an important role in the formation and progression of the disease. Identified immunological characteristics can be an important predictor in determining the future tactics of treatment of patients with osteosarcomas that needs further study.

[Analysis of prognostic factors influencing metastatic potential in breast cancer].

The paper discusses our data on evaluation of prognostic factors influencing metastatic potential of breast cancer and correlations which determine likelihood of tumor spreading to the lungs. Only the most plausible correlation coefficients (Chandelle) (p < or = 0.001) were used (0.3 relative to absolute module). The correlations between the totals of points (RR) and probability were: 115-199--71-100%; 55-114--31-70%, and 20-54--less than 30%.

[Surgical policy in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. / Khirurgicheskaia taktika pri nespetsificheskom iazvennom kolite.

Results of surgical treatment of 101 patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis are analyzed. In 73 (72.3%) patients variants of abdomino-anal coloproctectomy were performed, 22 of them underwent total coloproctectomy with terminal ileo- or colostoma creation. In 21 (20.8%) patients who had no inflammatory-ulcerative process in the rectum resection of the affected part of the colon with ileo--or colorectal anastomosis was performed, in 8 cases suturing device AKA-2 was used. In 7 (6.9%) patients who had undergone total coloproctectomy S-type intestinal reservoir and reservoir-anal anastomosis were created. Rate of postoperative complications was 16.8%, lethality--3.0%. 6 months after creation of reservoir-anal anastomosis nearly complete recovery of anal sphincter function was seen that permits to regard this surgery as a method of choice in the treatment of patients with total ulcerative colitis.

[Possibility of combined surgeries in locally advanced rectal cancer]. / Vozmozhnosti vypolneniia kombinirovannykh khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv pri mestno-rasprostranennoi forme raka priamoi kishki.

Results of treatment of 28 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are analyzed. Abdomino-perineal extirpation of the rectum with colostomy was performed in 11 patients, abdomino-anal resection with colo-anal anastomosis--in 10, Hartmann's operation--in 7. In 18 cases resection of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder was performed simultaneously, in 3--resection of the ureter with allotransplantation, in 5--supravaginal amputation of the uterus. Eleven patients survive one year after surgery. General status evaluated with Karnovsky's scale was 80-90% in 5 patients, 60%--in 4, and 40% in 2 patients. Seven patients survive three years after surgery. Karnovsky's scale index was 80% in 3 patients of them, 60%--in 3, and 30%--in 1 patient. Four patients survive 5 years with 60% (3 patients) and 40% (1 patient) general status index. It is recommended to perform combined surgeries for rectal cancer in invasion of the tumor into neighbouring organs. They don't make worse immediate results of treatment and relieve patients of complications due to spread of rectal cancer into the urinary organs.

[Methods for purifying emissions in the boilers of thermoelectric plants from benz(a)pyrene]. / Metody ochistki vybrosov kotloagregatov GRES ot benz(a)pirena.

The researchers of the Republican Cancer Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been monitoring the levels of the carcinogenic agent benz(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in the emissions by thermoelectric plants. Measuring has indicated that the effluent levels of B(a)P are related to the type of fuel put in the boilers and to the parameters of their use. The burning of gas in the furnaces results in air emissions of B(a)P at concentrations of as high as 50 ng/m3 and that of coal does as high as 300 ng/m3. Addition of fuel oil to coal or gas burning elevates the levels of B(a)P up to 450 and 180 ng/m3, respectively. Greater oxygen feed in the furnaces of boilers and their use at the maximum capacities (loads) cause a decrease in B(a)P in the waste gases. Recommendations on the optimum regimens of exploitation factors are given to lower environmental B(a)P levels, which must in turn reduce the incidence of cancer diseases.

[The diagnostic and therapeutic significance of thrombocyte functional activity and the factors in its regulation in chronic diseases of the large intestine]. / Diagnosticheskoe i terapevticheskoe znachenie funktsional'noi aktivnosti trombotsitov i faktorov ee reguliatsii pri khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh tolstoi kishki.

To elucidate diagnostic value of platelet functional activity in chronic colon disease, we studied ADP-induced platelet aggregation (PA, in vitro) and cAMP concentration in blood plasma. If patients had chronic catarrhal, ulcerative colitis or chronic colon stasis, their serum cAMP appeared low, while initial rate of ADP-induced PA was high. The above alterations varied with the disease severity, in exacerbation and remission. CAMP, histamine and epinephrine were tried as regulators of platelet activity. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor trental proved efficient in the treatment of chronic colon diseases. It has improved clinical condition of the patients, inhibited the initial rate of ADP-induced PA, secured its partial or complete reversibility through a rise in plasma and platelet cAMP concentrations.

[The functional activity of the thrombocytes in chronic diseases of the large intestine]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' trombotsitov pri khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh tolstoi kishki.

Chronic diseases of the large intestine--catarrhal colitis, colonic stasis, unspecific ulcerative colitis, and amebiasis of the large intestine are attended by marked changes in the functional activity of blood platelets and factors of its regulation. They reflect the dynamics of the disease before and after operative and nonoperative treatment. A recurrence of the disease is linked with activation of blood platelets. Trental and contrycal are used for correction of the disorders, which improves the condition of some of the patients. The authors discuss the importance of biogenic amines, cAMP, and functional activity of the blood platelets as universal mechanisms of the development of chronic diseases of the large intestine.

[Plasma histamine levels in various chronic diseases of the colon]. / Uroven' gistamina v plazme krovi pri razlichnykh khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh tolstoi kishki.

Patients suffering from chronic colitis, chronic stasis disease and nonspecific ulcerous colitis were examined for blood plasma histamine. The level of blood plasma histamine was found to be dependent on the intensity of the pathological process. The role of histamine in the development of disorders of neurohumoral regulation, microcirculation and motor and evacuatory function of the colon is discussed.

[The intestinal microflora in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. / Mikroflora kishechnika pri nespetsificheskom iazvennom kolite.

On the basis of a complex clinical examination of patients with ulcer lesions of the large intestine it is concluded that differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis should be based no microbiological, serological, immunological, endoscopic methods of examination. Complex conservative treatment should include both routine measures and bacterial agents.

[Clinico-morphologic data in decompensated colonic stasis]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie dannye pri dekompensirovannom tolstokishechnom staze.

The authors studied the results of surgical treatment of 97 patients with complicated form of the decompensated stage of chronic colonic stasis. The choice of the method and volume of the operation is determined by the location and spread of the stasis in the colon. Histological examination of material removed during the operation revealed predominantly dystrophic changes of the ganglionic cells of the musculo-intestinal plexus and hypertrophy and sclerosis of the muscular coat of the colon. The operation produced a good and satisfactory effect in 83.4% of patients.

[Changes in the immune status of patients with chronic stasis of the large intestine]. / Izmeneniia v immunnom statuse bol'nykh khronicheskim stazom tolstoi kishki.

The authors analyzed immunological changes in 56 patients with chronic colon stasis at the compensated and decompensated stages. Clinicoimmunological investigation of these patients permitted the detection of considerable changes in the system of homeostasis against a background of chronic inflammation of the colon mucous membrane, dysbacteriosis, colon microflora, and intoxication. Signs of secondary immunodeficiency with simultaneous involvement of compensatory mechanisms of nonspecific and specific body defence were noted in the patients. More profound changes were revealed at the decompensated stage. Immunomodulating measures produce a normalizing effect on immunity indices and on the entire system of homeostasis.

[Causes and prevention of rectal fistula recurrences]. / Prichiny i profilaktika retsidivov svishchei priamoi kishki.

The study of 412 patients with recidivations of rectal fistulas has shown that most frequent recidivations of extrasphincter fistulas are observed in the presence of ramified suppurative cavities in the pararectal fat. The recidivation may be caused by errors in the preoperative diagnosis and inadequate choice of the operation method, by non-radical operations and insufficient control of the postoperative wound healing.