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1.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(859): 273-278, 2024 Jan 31.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299961

RESUMO

In this article, we first present the current administration criteria, the risk factors for virological failure, and our practical experience with the first long-acting injectable HIV treatment available in Switzerland (the combination of cabotegravir/rilpivirine). We then discuss the theoretical and practical potential, as illustrated by an innovative study in San Francisco, provided by administering long-acting treatment outside the current criteria. This approach could notably offer antiretroviral treatment to particularly vulnerable populations for whom oral antiretroviral therapy is sometimes challenging. Finally, we touch upon the future drug prospects of long-acting treatments under study for HIV.


Dans cet article, nous présentons les critères d'administration actuels, les facteurs de risque d'échec virologique et notre expérience pratique sur le premier traitement à longue durée d'action injectable contre le VIH disponible en Suisse (l'association de cabotégravir/rilpivirine). Nous abordons également le potentiel théorique et pratique offert par l'administration de traitements à longue durée d'action hors des critères actuels, illustré par une étude novatrice à San Francisco. Cette extension des critères d'administration permettrait notamment d'offrir un traitement antirétroviral à des populations particulièrement précarisées, pour lesquelles un traitement antirétroviral oral est parfois difficile. Enfin, nous évoquons les futures perspectives de traitements à longue durée d'action en étude pour la prise en charge du VIH.


Assuntos
Antirretrovirais , Populações Vulneráveis , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Suíça
2.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr ; 93(3): 219-228, 2023 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36927958

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite modern antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) ribonucleic acid (RNA) escape into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may occur. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with CSF HIV-1 escape among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Switzerland. SETTING: The Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort study is an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. The neuro-HIV platform is a multidisciplinary, single-day outpatient consultation at Lausanne University Hospital. METHODS: We pooled data from the Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort study and the neuro-HIV platform participants who underwent lumbar puncture between 2011 and 2019. Both patient groups had neurocognitive symptoms. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 escape was defined as the presence of quantifiable CSF HIV-1 RNA when plasma HIV-1 RNA was suppressed or CSF HIV-1 RNA greater than plasma HIV-1 RNA when the latter was detectable. RESULTS: Of 1166 PLWH assessed, 288 underwent lumbar puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 escape was observed in 25 PLWH (8.7%) of whom 19 (76%) had suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA. Characteristics of PLWH were comparable whether they had CSF HIV-1 escape or not, including comorbidities, time since HIV diagnosis (15 vs 16 years, P = 0.9), median CD4 nadir (158.5/mm 3 vs 171/mm 3 , P = 0.6), antiretroviral CSF penetration-effectiveness score (7 vs 7 points, P = 0.8), and neurocognitive diagnosis based on Frascati criteria and radiological findings. CONCLUSIONS: In this large pooled sample of PLWH with neurocognitive symptoms, CSF HIV-1 escape occurred in 8.7% of PLWH. People living with HIV with CSF HIV-1 escape presented no distinctive clinical or paraclinical characteristics. We conclude that lumbar puncture is unavoidable in confirming CSF HIV-1 escape.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Humanos , HIV-1/genética , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Carga Viral
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 19(812): 243-249, 2023 Feb 01.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36723657

RESUMO

Long-acting injectable therapies have been added to the pharmacological arsenal available for the management of HIV infection, whether in the form of monotherapy (injectable cabotegravir) as part of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or dual therapies (injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine) for the treatment of HIV. These treatments are the subject of new international recommendations following the publication of pivotal trials, the results of which will be presented in this review. We will also discuss the practical modalities of their implementation as well as the challenges to be faced in the future.


Les traitements injectables à longue durée d'action complètent les options pharmacologiques disponibles dans la prise en charge de l'infection par le VIH, que ce soit sous la forme de monothérapie (cabotégravir injectable) en prophylaxie pré-exposition (PrEP) ou de bithérapie (cabotégravir/rilpivirine injectables) en traitement. Ces molécules font l'objet de nouvelles recommandations internationales suite à la publication d'essais déterminants dont les résultats sont détaillés dans cet article. Nous abordons également les modalités pratiques de leur implémentation ainsi que les défis auxquels nous devons nous préparer.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV , Infecções por HIV , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição/métodos
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(764-5): 74-80, 2022 Jan 19.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35048585

RESUMO

First AIDS cases have been described 40 years ago in June 1981. Today we see the major impact of COVID-19 pandemic on that of HIV/AIDS. Data tends to show frequency of severe forms of COVID-19 increased in people living with HIV. We review the current knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on people living with HIV.


Les tout premiers cas de sida ont été décrits il y a 40 ans, en juin 1981. Aujourd'hui, on constate l'impact majeur de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur celle du VIH/sida. Les données tendent à montrer que la fréquence des formes graves de Covid-19 est augmentée chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH. Nous faisons le point sur les connaissances actuelles concernant le Covid-19 et son impact sur la prise en charge des personnes vivant avec le VIH.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 17(720-1): 95-101, 2021 Jan 13.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33443839

RESUMO

The current COVID-19 pandemic is the main topic of news worldwide by its magnitude and consequences across the entire planet. From a medical point of view, several risk factors for developing severe illness have been reported in the literature, notably an immunosuppressed status. For people living with HIV, several questions have been raised concerning not only their vulnerability, but also in relation to an eventual protection conferred by antiretroviral therapy. This article will address these two pandemics by looking at the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on people living with HIV and, in parallel, exploring similarities and differences in terms of treatment, potential for recovery, prevention and their impact on clinical research. We review also future novel therapies for the treatment of HIV.


La pandémie de Covid-19 est le sujet d'actualité mondial tant par son ampleur que par ses immenses conséquences. Du point de vue médical, plusieurs facteurs de risque de développer une maladie sévère ont été établis dans la littérature, et l'immunosuppression en fait partie. Concernant les personnes vivant avec le VIH, plusieurs questions se sont posées : sont-elles plus vulnérables à l'acquisition de SARS-CoV-2, ou à une maladie Covid-19 sévère ? Ou au contraire sont-elles protégées par les antirétroviraux ? Cet article aborde ces deux pandémies et recherche des similitudes et des différences en termes de traitement, de guérison, de prévention et de recherche clinique. Nous décrivons brièvement quelques-uns des traitements antirétroviraux les plus innovants.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Fatores de Risco
9.
Rev Med Suisse ; 14(588-589): 102-106, 2018 Jan 10.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29337462

RESUMO

The chronicity of HIV infection and the use of antiretroviral therapy among all individuals living with HIV necessitate new treatment strategies. Alternatives to lifelong tri-therapy treatment are under investigation with the aim to improve the quality of life of patients. New therapies with longer half-lives or « biological ¼ treatments are also under study in clinical trials in order to develop streamlined maintenance strategies. These simplified therapies represent the near future of HIV management both with regards to less toxic molecules and a change in the traditional dogma of tri-therapy, including the daily dose thanks to the possibility of dosage only on certain weekdays or via molecules under development with a long duration of action.


La chronicisation de l'infection VIH et l'utilisation des antirétroviraux chez l'ensemble des personnes vivant avec le VIH rendent nécessaires de nouvelles stratégies de traitement médicamenteux. Des alternatives au traitement à vie par une trithérapie sont étudiées pour améliorer la qualité de vie des patients. De nouveaux médicaments, avec des demi-vies prolongées, ou des traitements dit « biologiques ¼ sont également en phase d'étude clinique afin d'élaborer des stratégies de maintenance.L'avenir proche de la prise en charge du VIH s'inscrit dans ces allègements thérapeutiques par exemple en utilisant des molécules moins toxiques, moins dosées, des bithérapies à longue durée d'action ou encore des molécules.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV , Antirretrovirais , Infecções por HIV , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida
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