Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Melia azedarach and its potential in controlling soybean seed-borne phytopathogenic fungi.

Present study, report the biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of Melia azedarach (MaZnO-NPs) through solution combustion method and their novel application in preventing the growth of seed-borne fungal pathogens of soybean (Cladosporium cladosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum). The standard blotter method was employed to isolate fungi and was identified through molecular techniques. The characterization of MaZnO-NPs was carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The physicochemical characterization confirmed the particles were of high purity and nano size (30-40 nm) with a hexagonal shape. The synthesized MaZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of C. cladosporioides and F. oxysporum in a dose dependent manner. Biomass, ergosterol, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species and membrane integrity determination upon MaZnO-NPs treatment offered significant activities there by confirming the mechanism of action against the test pathogens. In conclusion, due to the effectiveness of MaZnO-NPs in controlling the growth of C. cladosporioides and F. oxysporum, the synthesized MaZnO-NPs provides insight towards their potential application in agriculture and food industries.

Primary health care through family health programmes in field practice area Hadaba Shargia, Tripoli, Libya

The study looked at 3 465 people from 427 families who visited the family clinic in Hadaba Shargia, Tripoli, Libya, between December 1985 and November 1987. Total coverage for the multiphasic screening was 61.93%, out of which a majority were below the age of 15 years. The literacy rate was 64.18%. Most of those screened above the age of 15 were housewives. Of the families, 75.36% were living as nuclear families, with average family size of 8.1. Morbidity prevalence at the time of survey was 464.6 per 1 000, with a predominance of infectious diseases. Vaccination coverage was high for BCG, while moderate for DPT and polio and low for measles