Completeness of regional cancer registry data in Northwest Russia 2008-2017.

BACKGROUND: A national framework for population-based cancer registration was established in Russia in the late 1990s. Data comparability and validity analyses found substantial differences across ten population-based cancer registries (PBCRs)in Northwest Russia, and only four out of ten met international standards. This study aimed to assess the completeness of the PBCR data of those registries. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods recommended for completeness and timeliness assessment were applied to the data from ten Russian regional PBCRs in Northwest Russia, covering a population of 13 million. We used historic data methods (using several European PBCRs reference rates), mortality-to-incidence ratios (M:I) comparison, and death certificate methods to calculate the proportion of unregistered cases (Lincoln-Petersen estimator and Ajiki formula). RESULTS: Incidence rate trends of different cancer types were stable over time (except one region - Leningrad oblast). A slight drop in incidence rates in older age groups for several sites in the Northwestern regions was observed compared to the reference from European countries. Comparing M:I ratios against five-year survival revealed systematic differences in Leningrad oblast and Vologda oblast. Assessment of completeness revealed low or unrealistic estimates in Leningrad oblast and completeness below 90% in St. Petersburg. In other regions, the completeness was above 90%. The national annual report between 2008-2017 did not include about 10% of the cases collected later in the registry database of St. Petersburg. This difference was below 3% for Arkhangelsk oblast, Murmansk oblast, Novgorod oblast, Vologda oblast and the Republic of Karelia. CONCLUSIONS: Eight out of ten regional PBCRs in Northwest Russia collected data with an acceptable degree of completeness. Mostly populated St. Petersburg and Leningrad oblast did not reach such completeness. PBCR data from several regions in Northwest Russia are suitable for epidemiological research and monitoring cancer control activities.

The height-, weight- and BMI-for-age of preschool children from Nizhny Novgorod city, Russia, relative to the international growth references.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring a child's growth status helps to diagnose diseases and implement curative and preventive measures. The aim of this study was to assess how well preschool children of Russian city (Nizhny Novgorod) match with, or diverge from, international growth charts (WHO2006,2007; USCDC2000). METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 3,130 children aged 3-7 years attending municipal preschools of Nizhny Novgorod, the city in the European part of Russia. The study was held from February 2012 to October 2013. The international WHO2006,2007 and USCDC2000 growth references were used to calculate the height, weight and BMI z-scores. The distributions of z-scores were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Z-score equal 0.25 was considered as a benchmark for clinically significant differences. RESULTS: Means height z-scores calculated with the use of WHO2006, 2007 and USCDC2000 references were above the 50th centile (0.13 - 0.47) for both boys and girls. The means height z-scores was less than 0.25 SD above the 50th centile only for WHO2006. Stunting prevalence (the height-for-age z-score less than -2) was slightly higher under WHO2006 (3-4%) than under USCDC 2000 (2-3%). Stunting prevalence among children aged 5-7 years was similar under WHO2007 and USCDC2000 references (1%). For boys and girls aged 3-4 years the thinness prevalence, using WHO2006 was 2%, using USCDC2000 was 6% (p < 0.05). At the age 5-7 years this proportion under WHO2007 was 3% in both sex groups, under USCDC2000 was 8% for boys and 6% for girls (p < 0.05). A proportion of preschoolers aged 3-4 years with overweight was slightly higher under WHO2006 reference (13-15%) than under USCDC2000 (12-14%). In the case of age 5-7 years the overweight prevalence under WHO2007 (13-12 %) was lower than under USCDC2000 (14%). Obesity prevalence under WHO2006,2007 (3-4%) was slightly higher than that under USCDC2000 reference (2-3%). Preschoolers' distribution by groups of normal weight, overweight, obesity didn't significantly differ among the references (chi-square). CONCLUSIONS: The growth assessment of children aged 3-7 years attending municipal preschools of the Russian city Nizhny Novgorod under the international references (WHO2006,2007; USCDC 2000), demonstrated that the height fit to the WHO2006 standard for the children aged 3 and 4 was generally fine, since all the mean values were within 0.25 of the standard deviations of the mean. Beyond the age of 5 the fit to the WHO2007 was poor while the fit to the USCDC2000 was poor throughout.