RESUMO
During summer 2016, all the conditions for local mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) are met in mainland France: a competent vector, Aedes albopictus, a large number of travellers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, and an immunologically naive population. From 1 January to 15 July 2016, 625 persons with evidence of recent ZIKV infection were reported in mainland France. We describe the surveillance system in place and control measures implemented to reduce the risk of infection.
Assuntos
Aedes/virologia , Líquidos Corporais/virologia , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Viagem , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Notificação de Doenças , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Adulto Jovem , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissãoRESUMO
In mainland France, as in most Western countries, prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men. However, the incidence of this cancer is highly variable, depending on the region of the world. This variability is largely accounted for by differences in access to care, but also by environmental conditions and the ethnogeographic origins of the populations. The French West Indies--the archipelago of Guadeloupe and the island of Martinique--are unique in terms of their geography, environment and the lifestyle and origins of their populations. We report the incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer in the French West Indies and also provide the first description of the major clinical and anatomical characteristics of this disease in this region.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , França/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Martinica/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidadeRESUMO
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Produtos Agrícolas/parasitologia , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Martinica/epidemiologia , Metanálise como Assunto , Musa/parasitologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. Studies have also been carried out on the role of exposure to trace metals, such as cadmium, or to pollutants from industry, such as polychlorobiphenyls. However, no firm conclusions have been drawn. Finally, the effect of chemical substances with endocrine disruptor activity on the occurrence of prostate cancer remains largely unexplored in epidemiological studies. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
